1. 在英文寫作中，最好的方法是效仿英文為母語的寫作者。

2. 資深的英文寫作者，都喜歡直接而間接的寫作方式。在中文寫作中，作者有時候會假定讀者已經知道主語是誰而將其省略，而英文中主語是必須有的，不能省略。

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7.1 句子的意思要特定、清楚

bad ex：Our method is better than Smith's method.

good ex：our method is more accurate than Simth's method and nearly twice as fast.

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bad ex：The proposed algorithm performs better than Chen's algorithm.

good ex：The proposed algorithm is more efficient than Chen's algorithm.

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bad ex: We have also consider the phenomenon of the fringe effect.

good ex: We must also consider the fringe effect.

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bad ex:The proposed algorithm is very simple in design and is quite fast and somewhat easier to program than previous methods.

good?ex:The proposed algorithm is simple, fast and easier than previous methods.

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4. 去除多余動詞

bad ex: The final estimates are summarized and listed in Table 8.

good ex:?The final estimates are listed in Table 8.

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bad ex: The generating function for node x is given and derived as follows.

good ex:The generating function for node x could be derived as follows.

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5. 去除多余代名詞

bad ex: The flame that is produced by this fuel is extremely unusual.

good?ex: The flame produced by this fuel is extremely unusual.

wrong ex:?The flame that?produced by this fuel is extremely unusual. (要嘛一起留，要嘛一起刪除)

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bad ex:The professor who is teaching the course this year is very knowledgeable.

good?ex:The professor teaching the course this year is very knowledgeable.

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7.2 不必要的應該省略

bad ex: we must also consider the phenomenon of the fringe effect (邊緣效應).

good ex: we must also consider the fringe effect.

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bad ex: basically, the process can be divided into two parts.

good ex:?the process can be divided into two parts.

如果作者的意思是要強調basically的話，則應該將basic放在part的前面進行修飾：

good ex:?the process can be divided into two basic parts.

我常犯的錯誤：

（1） 一直認為中間加一個賓語，然后后面用短語結構（比如of，with引導的短語）能使句子更清晰，是錯誤的想法。

（2）?一直認為中間用過副詞過渡會顯得更地道，其實是錯誤的。

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bad ex: the proposed algorithm is very simple in design and is quite fast and somewhat easier to program than previous methods.

good ex:?the proposed algorithm is simple and fast and easier to program than previous methods.

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bad ex: it is the aim of the research in this paper to propose and justify recommended modifications to the cnventional method so as to enhance and strengthen the performance and effeciveness of online control systems.

good ex: the aim of this paper is to modify the conventional method so as to enhance the effectiveness of on-line control systems.

注意：使用最直接能夠表達出意思的動詞，最直接最清楚的表達出意思，少繞來繞去，造成句子太長，讓讀者暈掉，最終詞不達意。

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bad ex: the final estimates are summarized and listed in table 8.

good ex:?the final estimates are listed in table 8.

注：一個動詞就已經足夠表達句子的意思了，何必用兩個動詞呢？

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bad ex: the flame that is produced by this fuel is extremely unusual.

good ex:?the flame produced by this fuel is extremely unusual.

注：省略 that is，這種類型的主語從句，引導詞和其相應的系動詞可以一起省略，但是不能只省略其中之一。

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7.3 句子的意思要直接?

用直接、率直的方法敘述句子的重點，而不要讓讀者迂回的解讀。

bad ex: in this paper, we concentrate our efforts on these issues.

good ex: in this paper, we investigate these issues.

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bad ex: in this paper, we will try to propose a new method to solve this problem.

good ex:in this paper, we will propose a new method to solve this problem.

注：刪除 try to，常犯錯誤

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bad ex: in this section, we will focus on investigating the relationship between these parameters.

good ex:?in this section, we will investigate the relationship between these parameters.

注：刪除 focus on，常犯錯誤

避免畫蛇添足，認為加了這些詞能夠強調重點，其實都是多余。

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7.4 避免塞滿名詞的句子以及弱動詞

7.4.1 塞滿名詞

bad ex: this method has the advantage of accuracy but the disadvantage of slowness.

good ex: the method is accurate but slow.

注：塞滿了名詞，其實用幾個形容詞就能代替，可能這里想強調的是優缺點，但其實用相應的形容詞是優點還是缺點，讀者已經明白。

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bad ex: the problem is caused by the lack of consideration of the effect of the bandwidth gain that results from the termination request.

revised ex:?the problem is caused because we failed to consider the effect of the bandwidth gain resulting from the termination request.

good ex:?the problem is caused because we neglected the effect of the bandwidth gain resulting from the termination request.

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7.4.2 弱動詞

bad ex: the calculation of this parameter can be performed using Lee's algorithm.

good ex: the parameter can be calculated using Lee's algorithm.

accurate ex:?the value of parameter can be calculated using Lee's algorithm.

注： perform這種動詞無法最直接的表達出動作，parameter是被計算，直接用計算這個動詞最直接的表達，無需將其變成名詞，然后在用其他的弱動詞。

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bad ex: they reached the conclusion that a disruptive approach is more effective.

good ex: they concluded?that a disruptive approach is more effective.

注：原來的句子可能作者會覺得比較地道，實則不然。

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7.5 多使用主動語態

經驗豐富的科技論文作者寫文章時，大都使用主動語態，相對于被動語態，主動語態顯得更直接有力，是文章變得更直截了當。

bad ex: the test subjects were shown by the experimental results to prefer sweet foods.

good ex: the experimental results showed that the test subjects preferred sweet foods.

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7.6 盡量用肯定的說法

bad ex: this technique does not produce good result.

good ex: this technique produce poor/unsatisfactory result.

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7.7 必要時才用虛主語結構

如果把另外一個詞擺在句首，就可以造出比較清晰，間接的句子，那就應該避免以 it is / there be 開頭的句子。

7.7.1 避免there be

bad ex: there are several methods that have been proposed for selecting the fittest individuals.

good ex:?several methods have been proposed for selecting the fittest individuals.

注：中槍了，there be句型少用！！！

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7.7.2 避免it should be ...，用祈使句代替，避免句子太冗長。

bad ex: it should also be noted that...

good ex: note that...

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bad ex: it can be observed that...

good ex: observe that...

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7.8 科技論文中的第一人稱復數代名詞的用法

如果用第一人稱復數we可以寫出比較清楚、間接的句子，就大膽采用。

有些作者不太敢使用第一人稱we，因為擔心這樣會讓人覺得主觀，不符合科技論文的客觀原則，這是個理解的誤區。用第一人稱，對于報告內容客觀與否，毫無影響。

bad ex: the proposed method requires to be shown to be more accurate than the conventional one.

good ex: we need to show that the proposed method is more accurate than the conventional one.

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但有時候we這一類型的第一人稱不是必須的，比如：

ex1: from the graph, we observe that the value of x increases sharply after time t.

ex2: the graph shows that?the value of x increases sharply after time t.

不過有點感覺是下頭這個稍微好點。

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7.9 避免不必要的術語

謹記使用專業術語的目的是希望用比較簡短、直接的方式來表達日常語言無法簡介表達的觀念。但要避免使用不必要的專業術語，當用日常用語就能夠很簡介的表達清楚的話。

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7.10 避免直接疑問句

在英語科技寫作中，當作者需要提出問題或者新的課題時，通常都是使用直屬局或者間接疑問句，而不是使用直接疑問句。

bad ex: an important question is, "why do we need normalization?" this question will be addressed in the next section.

good ex: the next section will explain why normalization is needed.

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轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/qingsunny/archive/2013/05/10/3072236.html

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