使用 RMAN 同步数据库
使用 RMAN?同步數據庫
使用 RMAN 同步數據庫
一．概述
二 操作步驟
(一)．把生產庫置為歸檔模式
(二).啟動rman做數據庫0級備份
(三)．修改生產庫數據庫到未歸檔
(四)．拷貝備份集到測試庫
(五).在測試庫上的操作
一．概述
因項目組遇到要2臺數據庫同步的問題，決定使用rman來實現此功能，生產庫運行在非歸檔模式，所以操作起來相對麻煩些，生產庫最多允許丟失半天數據，晚上可以重啟數據，這樣就為我們使用rman創造了必要條件，先來理清一下操作步驟:
1. 首先shutdown生產庫(node1) ,并修改成歸檔模式。
2. 使用rman做一個0級備份集，并設置控制文件為自動備份。
3. 修改生產庫為非歸檔模式，并置為open狀態。
4. 到測試庫上面，修改數據庫為歸檔模式，因沒有性能要求，不需要再改回非歸檔，方便恢復操作。
5. 拷貝備份集到測試庫(node2)，備份集的存放位置和生產庫保持一致。
6. 啟動測試庫到nomount狀態。
7. 啟動rman，第一步先恢復controlfile.里面包含了重要的備份信息。
8. 更改數據庫到mount狀態.
9. 恢復數據庫 restore database,注意,此步驟只會使用最近的一次0級備份，而不會應用增量或差異備份。
10. Recover database,此步驟會首先應用所有的差異或增量備份，然后恢復歸檔日志，當然在恢復歸檔時會出現錯誤，在此可以忽略掉。
11. 使用resetlogs關鍵字打開數據庫，數據庫同步完成。
以后每天按上面操作寫成腳本自動執行即可，需要注意的地方是把0級備份改為1級或2級即可,這樣就可以每半月做一次0級備份，每天晚上做一次1級或2級備份，然后恢復到測試庫，以此來實現2數據庫的同步.
二?操作步驟?(一)．把生產庫置為歸檔模式.
1．?[oracle@primary orcl]$ Sqlplus ‘/as sysdba’
2．?Sql>shutdown immediate;
3．?Sql>startup mount;
4．?Sql>alter database archivelog;
5．?Sql>alter database open;
6．?Sql>quit
(二).啟動rman做數據庫0級備份
1.?[oracle@primary orcl]$ rman target /
2.?RMAN>CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
3. RMAN> backup incremental level 0 database format 'full_db_%d_%s_%t_%p';
--第一次同步操作時用該語句。
RMAN>quit;
日常同步備份時使用1級備份
4.?[oracle@primary orcl]$ rman target /
5.?RMAN>CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
6. RMAN> backup incremental level 1 database format 'increment _db_%d_%s_%t_%p';
7. RMAN>quit;
(三)．修改生產庫數據庫到未歸檔.
1.?[oracle@primary orcl]$?Sqlplus ‘/as sysdba’
2. Sql>alter database noarchivelog;
3. Sql>alter database open;
4. Sql>quit;
(四)．拷貝備份集到測試庫
拷貝備份集文件到測試庫，并和生產庫相同位置,可以使用sftp或ftp等工具完成。
(五).在測試庫上的操作
1.?[oracle@primary orcl]$ Sqlplus ‘/as sysdba’
2.?Sql>startup nomount;
3.?Sql>quit;
4.?[oracle@primary orcl]$ rman target /
5. RMAN> restore controlfile from/opt/oracle11g/u01/dbs/c-1190421672-20080819-01';
--該處可修改為實際備份集。
6.?RMAN> alter database mount;
7.?RMAN> restore database;
8.?RMAN> recover database;
9.?RMAN>alter database open resetlogs;
注意，所有的增量或差異備份都是用recover database來恢復的，如果丟失增量備份，需用下面方法啟動數據庫，將可能導致丟失大量數據:
啟動sqlplus，使用下面語句清除丟失的增量備份.
Sql>recover database using backup controlfile until cancel;
ORA-00279: ü 1839635 ( 08/18/2008 23:25:21 ú) 1 ±è
ORA-00289: ¨é: /archive/1_74_662640938.dbf
ORA-00280: ü 1839635 ( 1) ò #74
Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
Cancel <需要手工輸入后回車>
Media recovery cancelled.
最后執行resetlogs關鍵字啟動數據庫。
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
Database altered.
備份及同步腳本:
?rman_backup_v1.1.sh
點擊(此處)折疊或打開
#!/bin/bash?
###################################################################?
# Usage:?
# backup_rman_v1.1.sh?[all|repeat|sync]?
#?all:?list?all?backup?file.?
#?repeat:?repeat?level-1 increment backup.?
# sync:?sync backup?file?to?target?database.?
###################################################################?
export?ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle11g/u01?
export?ORACLE_SID=primary?
export?LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${ORACLE_HOME}/lib:${ORACLE_HOME}/ctx/lib?
export?PATH=$PATH:${ORACLE_HOME}/bin?
export?NLS_LANG="American_america.zhs16gbk"?
export?ORACLE_OWNER=oracle?
export?backup_dir=/home/oracle/backup/backup?
export?log=/home/oracle/backup/log?
rsync_dir=$backup_dir #sync?dir?
controlfile_dir=$backup_dir/controlfile?
username=oracle #target?OS?,oracle user?
password=go2north #target?oracle user?password?
target_host=172.16.5.27?
today_backup=`date?+'%Y-%m-%d'`?
mail_to_admin="zhaorupeng@126.com"?
########set?display?color#########?
white=$(echo?-e?"\e[39;40m")?
green=$(echo?-e?"\e[36;40m")?
red=$(echo?-e?"\e[31;40m")?
purple=$(echo?-e?"\e[35;40m")?
yellow=$(echo?-e?"\e[33;40m")?
blue=$(echo?-e?"\e[34;40m")?
########color?set end ############
#?data?backup?status.?
# 0:?backup failed.?
# 2:?default?
# 9:?success?
backup_status=2
#database?status?check?,If?it's not turn on,the value is 0,or else 1?
ora_stat=`ps -ef | grep -i 'ora_smon_*' |grep -v grep| wc -l`
#database mode check,If it's archive mode,that?value?is 1,or?else?0;?
arch=`ps?-ef?|?grep?-i?'ora_arc_*'?|?grep?-v grep?|?wc?-l`
function?open_database()?
{?
if?[?"$ora_stat"?=?0?];?then?
cat?<<?EOF?|?$ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus?'/as sysdba'?
shutdown immediate;?
startup;?
quit;?
EOF?
backup_status=2?
if?[?"$?"?=?1?];?then?
echo?"database unable strtup!"?
backup_status=0?
exit 1?
fi?
fi?
}?
function?open_archive_mode()?
{?
if?[?"$arch"?=?0?];?then #if?arch=1,nothing,because it was already on archive mode?
echo?"****************open archive mode*************"?
cat?<<?EOF?|?$ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus?'/as sysdba'?
shutdown immediate;?
startup mount;?
alter database archivelog;?
alter database?open;?
quit;?
EOF?
fi?
}?
function?return_initaliztion_mode()?
{?
if?[?"$arch"?=?0?-a?"$backup_status"?>?0?];?then?
#if?arch=1,nothing,because initialization mode is archive mode?
echo?"********* return initialization database mode**********"?
cat?<<?EOF?|?$ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus?'/as sysdba'?
shutdown immediate;?
startup mount;?
alter database noarchivelog;?
alter database?open;?
quit;?
EOF?
fi?
if?[?"$?"?=?0?];?then?
????echo?"return initalization database successfully."?
fi?
echo?"************return initialization database mode *********"?;?
}?
function?increment_backup_level_1()?# incremental level-1 backup?
{?
open_database?
open_archive_mode?
echo?"******** `date +'%Y%m%d'` Do level-1 increment backup....*********************"?2>&1;
cat?<<?EOF?|?$ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman?target?/?|tee $log/rman_increment_db_`date?+'%y%m%d%H%M'`.log?
configure maxsetsize?to?20g;?
configure controlfile autobackup on;?
configure controlfile autobackup format?for?device?type?disk?to?'$controlfile_dir/%F';?
run?{?
allocate channel c01?type?disk;?
backup incremental level 1 database format?'$backup_dir/increment_db_%d_%s_%t_%p'?tag="increment_db_`date +'%y%m%d%H%M'`";?
release channel c01;?
}?
configure controlfile autobackup off;?
crosscheck backup of database;?
crosscheck archivelog?all;?
delete?noprompt obsolete?;?
delete?noprompt expired backup;?
delete?noprompt backup completed before?'sysdate-30';?
delete?noprompt archivelog until time?'sysdate-14';?
EOF?
if?[?"$?"?=?0?];then?
????echo?"*******************level-1 backup completed!************************"?
????????backup_status=9?
else?
????echo?"*****************level-1 backup databae failed,please contact oracle dba*******"?
????backup_status=0?
fi?
return?$backup_status?
return_initaliztion_mode?
}?
function?level_0_backup_database()?
{?
open_database?
open_archive_mode?
echo?"************* Do level-0 backup ****************"?
cat?<<?EOF?|?$ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman?target?/?|tee $log/rman_full_db_`date?+'%y%m%d%H%M'`.log?
configure retention policy?to?redundancy 30;?
configure maxsetsize?to?20g;?
configure controlfile autobackup on;?
configure controlfile autobackup format?for?device?type?disk?to?'$controlfile_dir/%F';?
crosscheck backup of database;?
crosscheck archivelog?all;?
delete?noprompt obsolete?;?
delete?noprompt expired backup;?
delete?noprompt backup completed before?'sysdate-30';?
delete?noprompt archivelog until time?'sysdate-5';?
run?{?
allocate channel c1?type?disk;?
backup incremental level 0 database format?'$backup_dir/full_db_%d_%s_%t_%p'?tag="full_db_`date +'%y%m%d%H%M'`";?
release channel c1?;?
}?
configure controlfile autobackup off;?
quit;?
EOF?
if?[?"$?"?=?0?];then?
????echo?"*******************level-0 backup completed!************************"?
????????backup_status=9?
else?
????echo?"******************level-0 backup databae failed,please contact oracle dba*******"
????backup_status=0?
fi?
return?$backup_status?
return_initaliztion_mode?
}?
function?repeat_increment_backup()?
{?
????if?[?"$#"?=?0?];?then?
????????exit 0?
????else
??????????if?[?"$1"?=?"repeat"?];?then?
????????????echo?"************do database increment backup again**************"?
????????????increment_backup_level_1 $ORACLE_HOME $log?$backup_dir?
????????????echo?"************repeat increment backup completed!**************"?
??????????else?
????????????echo?"command error,please use parameter 'repeat'"?
????????????exit 0?
??????????fi?
????fi?
}
# sync?target?database backup?files?#?
function?sync()?
{?
ping $target_host?-c 1?>?/dev/null?#?test?network?link?#?
if?[?$??!=?0?]?;?then?
????echo?"sync host:$red $target_host $white link failed!,please check network."?
????exit 1?
fi?
if?[?-f?/usr/bin/rsync?];?then?
#check resync command #?
???cat?<<?EOF?>?sync?
#!/usr/bin/expect?
spawn?/usr/bin/rsync?-avzu $rsync_dir/?$username@$target_host:$rsync_dir?
expect?"password:"?
send?"$password\n";?
send?"quit\n";?
interact?
EOF?
echo?"********copy backup files to target database********"?
??if?[?-f sync?-a?-f?/usr/bin/expect?];?then?
????chmod?+x?sync?
????./sync?
????rm?-rf?./sync?
#list sync?files?
backup_file=`ls?-ltR?--full-time $backup_dir/?|?egrep?-i?"increment_|c-"?|?grep?-i $today_backup?|?awk?'{print $6 " " substr($7,1,8) " " $9}'`?
????echo?"sync files:"?
????echo?"$blue"?
????j=0?
????for?i?in?$backup_file?
????do?
????????((j++))?
????????a[$j]=$i?
????????if?[?$j?=?3?];?then?
????????????echo?"${a[`expr $j - 2`]} ${a[`expr $j - 1`]} ${a[$j]}"?
?????????????j=0?
????????fi?
????done?
????echo?"$white"?
????echo?" transtion has succeed.please check the backup files on target database."?
????exit 0?
???else?
??????echo?"command expect not found, please install Tcl/expect"?
??????exit 1?
???fi?
else?
????echo?"command rsync not found,please install!"?
????exit 1?
fi?
}?
if?[?-f $log/autobak_`date?+'%Y%m%d'`.log?];?then?
????rm?-rf $log/autobak_`date?+'%Y%m%d'`.log?
fi?
(?
level_0_backup_status=`find?$backup_dir/?-name?'full_db_*'|?grep?-i full_db?|grep?-v grep?|?wc?-l` 2>&1?
level_1_backup_status=`ls?-l?--full-time $backup_dir/?|grep?-i?'increment_db_*'|?grep?-i $today_backup|grep?-v grep?|?wc?-l` 2>&1?
if?[?$level_0_backup_status?=?0?-a $backup_status?=?2?];?then?
????level_0_backup_database?
????backup_status=$??
fi?
if?[?$level_1_backup_status?=?0?-a $backup_status?=?2?];?then?
????increment_backup_level_1?
????backup_status=$??
fi?
# ############Today's database backup information##########?
# check today's backup?status?#?
check_backup=`ls?-l?--full-time $backup_dir/?|?egrep?-i?"increment_db_|full_db_"?|?awk?'{print $6}'?|?grep?-i $today_backup?|?wc?-l`?
# check today's controlfile backup information #?
control_file=`ls -lt --full-time $controlfile_dir/ | grep -i "c-*" | grep -i $today_backup | awk '{print?$6?" "?substr($7,1,8)?" "?$9}'`?
# check today's increment backup information #?
backup_file_info=`ls?-lt?--full-time $backup_dir/?|?egrep?-i?"increment_db_|full_db_"?|?grep?-i $today_backup?|?awk?'{print $6 " " substr($7,1,8) " " $9}'`?
log_file_info=`ls?-lt?--full-time $log/?|?egrep?-i?"increment_db_|full_db_"?|?grep?-i $today_backup?|?awk?'{print $6 " " substr($7,1,8) " " $9}'`?
if?[?"$1"?=?"all"?]?;?then?
????backup_file_info=`ls?-lt?--full-time $backup_dir/?|?egrep?-i?"increment_db_|full_db"?|?awk?'{print $6 " " substr($7,1,8) " " $9}'`?
????control_file=`ls?-lt?--full-time $controlfile_dir/?|?grep?-i?"c-*"|?awk?'{print $6 " " substr($7,1,8) " " $9}'`?
fi?
????
#?print?today's backup information including controlfile and log information #?
if [ $check_backup -ge 0 ]; then
????if [ "$1" = "repeat" ] ; then?
????????repeat_increment_backup $1?
????else?
????????????????echo " ############Today's database backup information##########?"?
???????????if [ "$1" = "all" ]; then?
????
????????????????????today_backup=`ls -l --full-time $backup_dir/ | grep -i full_db_* | awk '{print $6}'`?
????????????
????????????echo "List?date?$purple ${today_backup[0]}?$white level-0 backup database after?file?information"?
???????????else?
????????????????echo "Date?$purple $today_backup $white database backup is completed."?
????????????????fi?
????????????echo "backup?file?directory:?$backup_dir"?
????????????echo "backup?file?information:?$green"?
????????echo ""?
????????j=0?
????????????for i in $backup_file_info?
????????do?
????????????((j++))?
????????????a[$j]=$i?
????????????if [ $j = 3 ]; then?
????????????????echo "${a[`expr $j?-?2`]}?${a[`expr $j?-?1`]}?$backup_dir/${a[$j]}"?
?????????????????j=0?
????????????fi?
????????done?
????????????echo "$white"?
????????????????echo "Controlfile information:$yellow"?
????????echo ""?
????????j=0?
????????for p in $control_file;do?
????????????((j++))?
????????????a[$j]=$p?
????????????if [ $j = 3 ] ; then?
????????????????????echo "${a[`expr $j?-?2`]}?${a[`expr $j?-?1`]}?$controlfile_dir/${a[$j]}"?
????????????????????j=0?
????????????fi?
??????????done?
????????echo "$white"?
????????????????echo "log?information:$blue"?
????????echo ""?
????????j=0?
????????for p in $log_file_info;do?
????????????((j++))?
????????????a[$j]=$p?
????????????if [ $j = 3 ] ; then?
????????????????????echo "${a[`expr $j?-?2`]}?${a[`expr $j?-?1`]}?$log/${a[$j]}"?
????????????????????j=0?
????????????fi?
??????????done?
????????echo "$white"?
????????????echo "If?you want increment backup database again,please use \"repeat\" parameter"?
????????????????echo?" ############Today database backup information the end ########## "?
????????fi?
fi?
# end?print?backup information #?
#?copy?backup?file?#?
if?[?"$1"?=?"sync"?]?;?then?
????backup_status=9?
fi?
if?[?"$backup_status"?=?9?];?then?
????sync?
else?
?????echo?"Today's Backup file is synced. please check whether it's in the target database."?
?????echo?"If you want to sync again,please use \"sync\" parameter."?
?????exit 0?
fi?
echo?"If you want to view all backup information,Please use \"all\" parameter."?
)?2>?$log/autobak_`date?+'%Y%m%d'`.log?
#mail?-s?"`date +'%Y%m%d'`database backup information"?$mail_to_admin<$log/autobak_`date?+'%Y%m%d'`.log
恢復腳本:
rman_restore_v1.1.sh
#!/bin/sh
export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle11g/u01
export ORACLE_SID=primary
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${ORACLE_HOME}/lib:${ORACLE_HOME}/ctx/lib
export PATH=$PATH:${ORACLE_HOME}/bin
export NLS_LANG="American_america.zhs16gbk"
export ORACLE_OWNER=oracle
export backup_dir=/home/oracle/backup/backup
export log=/home/oracle/backup/log
rsync_dir=$backup_dir?#sync?dir
controlfile_dir=$backup_dir/controlfile
username=oracle?#target?OS?,oracle user?
password=go2north?#target?oracle user password?
target_host=172.16.5.27
today_backup=`date?+'%Y-%m-%d'`
today=`date?+'%Y%m%d'`
white=$(echo?-e?"\e[39;40m")
green=$(echo?-e?"\e[36;40m")
red=$(echo?-e?"\e[31;40m")
blue=$(echo?-e?"\e[33;40m")
backup_status=2?#data?backup status?,0:?backup faild,1:?1 level increment backup,2?:?0 level backup
#?Begin change restore variable
restore_status=true
last_restore_file=increment_db_ORCL_76_663449691_1
last_restore_date=(2008-08-22 19:36)
last_recover_time="2008-08-28 15:12:08"
last_restore_time=2
last_restore_num=3
#?End change restore variable
#sed?-i?'/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/t=[0-9]\+/t='$((t+1))'/'?$0
#sed?-i?'s/t=[0-9]\+/t='$((t+1))'/'?$0
restore_file=`ls?-lt?--full-time $backup_dir/?|?grep?-i?'increment_db_*'?|?awk?'{print $9}'|head?-1`
controlfile=`ls?-lt?--full-time $controlfile_dir?|?grep?-i?'c-*'?|?awk?'{print $9}'|?head?-1`
recover_time=`ls?-lt?--full-time $backup_dir/?|?grep?-i?'increment_db_*'?|?awk?'{print substr($7,1,5)}'|?head?-1`
recover_date=(`ls?-lt?--full-time $backup_dir/?|?grep?-i?'increment_db_*'?|?awk?'{print $6 " " substr($7,1,5)}'?|?head?-1`)
recover_times=`date?+'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'`
function update_backup_info()
{
????sed?-i?'/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/restore_status=.*/restore_status=true/'?$0
????????sed?-i?'/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_restore_file=.*/last_restore_file='"${restore_file}"'/'?$0
????????sed?-i?'/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_recover_time=.*/last_recover_time='"\"${recover_times}\""'/'?$0
????????????????sed?-i?'/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_restore_date=.*/last_restore_date='"(${recover_date[*]})"/?$0
????????sed?-i?'/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_restore_time=.*/last_restore_time='$((last_restore_time+1))'/'?$0
????????sed?-i?'/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_restore_num=.*/last_restore_num='$((last_restore_num+1))'/'?$0
}
function restore_database()?
{
????echo?"************* recover database start ****************"
????????cat?<<?EOF?|?$ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus?'/as sysdba'
????????shutdown immediate;
????????startup nomount;
EOF
????????cat?<<?EOF?|?$ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman?target?/?|tee $log/rman_restore_db_`date?+'%y%m%d%H%M'`.log
????????run?{
????????????allocate channel c01?type?disk;
????????????allocate channel c02?type?disk;
????????????allocate channel c03?type?disk;
????????????restore controlfile from?"$controlfile_dir/$controlfile";?
????????????alter database mount;
????????????recover database;
????????????release channel c01;
????????????release channel c02;
????????????release channel c03;
????????}
????????alter database open resetlogs;
EOF
????????if?[?"$?"?=?0?];then?
????????????echo?"*******************restore be completed!************************"
????????????backup_status=9
????????????update_backup_info
????????????exit 0
????????else
????????????echo?"******************restore database failed,please contact oracle dba*******"
????????????????????????sed?-i?'/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_recover_time=.*/last_recover_time='"\"${recover_times}\""'/'?$0
????????????sed?-i?'/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/restore_status=.*/restore_status=false/'?$0
????????fi
????????????return?"$backup_status"
}
#delete backup?file?on the weekend again
#file_info=`ls?-l $backup_dir/?|?grep?-i?'increment_backup_*.gz'|wc?-l`
#if?[?$file_count?-gt?7?]
#then
#?del_files=`ls?-lR $backup_dir|?egrep?-i?"increment_db_|full_db_"|grep \`date?-d?"7 days ago"?+'%Y-%m-%d'\`|awk?"{print $9}"`
#?rm?-f $del_files;
#?if?[?$??=?0?]
#?then
#?echo?"removing $del_files"
#?fi
#else
#?echo?"No last file"
#
#fi
###########################################
if?[?"$last_restore_file"?!=?"$restore_file"?-o?"${last_restore_date[1]}"?!=?"$recover_time"?];?then?
restore_database????
fi
if?[?"$1"?=?"repeat"?]?;?then
???????????????restore_database
fi?
if?[?"$restore_status"?=?"true"?-o?"${last_restore_date[0]}"?=?${recover_date[0]}?];?then?
echo?"Today's sync already completed!"
echo?"Last restore file: $backup_dir/$last_restore_file"
echo?"Last restore time: $last_restore_time"
echo?"The number of times the database be restored today: $last_restore_num"
echo?"The total number of times the database have ever been restore: $last_recover_time"
sed?-i?'/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_recover_time=.*/last_recover_time='"\"${recover_times}\""'/'?$0
else
sed?-i?'/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_restore_time=.*/last_restore_time=0/'?$0
sed?-i?'/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/restore_status=.*/restore_status=false/'?$0
sed?-i?'/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_recover_time=.*/last_recover_time='"\"${recover_times}\""'/'?$0
fi
轉載于:https://blog.51cto.com/xin521long/1832844
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