為什么使用MongogDB復制集技術?

mysql中:一主一從，一主多從結構存在的問題 1、 fileover（故障轉移）a) 選主投票b) 切換 2、 是否對就用透明化 3、 數(shù)據(jù)補償?shù)膯栴}a) 兩階段數(shù)據(jù)補償 4、 解決方法 mysql中使用MHA+VIP + binlogserver

? mongodb通過復制集技術解決以上所有問題，不需要第三方軟件，自已原生支持

??MongoDB復制集簡介

一組Mongodb復制集，就是一組mongod進程，這些進程維護同一個數(shù)據(jù)集合。復制集提供了數(shù)據(jù)冗余和高等級的可靠性，這是生產(chǎn)部署的基礎。 保證數(shù)據(jù)在生產(chǎn)部署時的冗余和可靠性，通過在不同的機器上保存副本來保證數(shù)據(jù)的不會因為單點損壞而丟失。能夠隨時應對數(shù)據(jù)丟失、機器損壞帶來的風險，牛逼到不行。換一句話來說，還能提高讀取能力，用戶的讀取服務器和寫入服務器在不同的地方，而且，由不同的服務器為不同的用戶提供服務，提高整個系統(tǒng)的負載，簡直就是云存儲的翻版...一組復制集就是一組mongod實例掌管同一個數(shù)據(jù)集，實例可以在不同的機器上面。實例中包含一個主導，接受客戶端所有的寫入操作，其他都是副本實例，從主服務器上獲得數(shù)據(jù)并保持同步。 主服務器很重要，包含了所有的改變操作（寫）的日志。但是副本服務器集群包含有所有的主服務器數(shù)據(jù)，因此當主服務器掛掉了，就會在副本服務器上重新選取一個成為主服務器。每個復制集還有一個仲裁者，仲裁者不存儲數(shù)據(jù)，只是負責通過心跳包來確 認集群中集合的數(shù)量，并在主服務器選舉的時候作為仲裁決定結果。

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?復制的基本架構

一個包含3個mongod的復制集架構如下所示

如果主服務器失效，會變成：

如果加上可選的仲裁者：

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如果主服務器失效：

復制集技術實現(xiàn)

搭建三節(jié)點MongoDB復制集

#創(chuàng)建多mongodb多實例
mkdir -p /mongodb/28017/conf /mongodb/28017/data /mongodb/28017/log mkdir -p /mongodb/28018/conf /mongodb/28018/data /mongodb/28018/log mkdir -p /mongodb/28019/conf /mongodb/28019/data /mongodb/28019/log mkdir -p /mongodb/28020/conf /mongodb/28020/data /mongodb/28020/log #創(chuàng)建mongodb多 vim /mongodb/28017/conf/mongod.conf systemLog:destination: filepath: /mongodb/28017/log/mongodb.loglogAppend: true storage:journal:enabled: truedbPath: /mongodb/28017/datadirectoryPerDB: true#engine: wiredTigerwiredTiger:engineConfig:cacheSizeGB: 1directoryForIndexes: truecollectionConfig:blockCompressor: zlibindexConfig:prefixCompression: true processManagement:fork: true net:port: 28017 replication:oplogSizeMB: 2048replSetName: my_repl\cp /mongodb/28017/conf/mongod.conf /mongodb/28018/conf/ \cp /mongodb/28017/conf/mongod.conf /mongodb/28019/conf/ \cp /mongodb/28017/conf/mongod.conf /mongodb/28020/conf/ sed 's#28017#28018#g' /mongodb/28018/conf/mongod.conf -i sed 's#28017#28019#g' /mongodb/28019/conf/mongod.conf -i sed 's#28017#28020#g' /mongodb/28020/conf/mongod.conf -ichown -R mongod:mongod /mongodb/su - mongod mongod -f /mongodb/28017/conf/mongod.conf mongod -f /mongodb/28018/conf/mongod.conf mongod -f /mongodb/28019/conf/mongod.conf mongod -f /mongodb/28020/conf/mongod.conf

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登錄

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mongo --port=28017 use admin config = {_id: 'my_repl', members: [{_id: 0, host: '10.0.0.134:28017'},{_id: 1, host: '10.0.0.134:28018'},{_id: 2, host: '10.0.0.134:28019'}]} rs.initiate(config) use test; db.movies.insert([ { "title" : "Jaws", "year" : 1975, "imdb_rating" : 8.1 },{ "title" : "Batman", "year" : 1989, "imdb_rating" : 7.6 }, ] );

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#復制集狀態(tài)查詢 在哪個節(jié)點都可以看

[mongod@mongo ~]$ mongo --port=28017 MongoDB shell version: 3.2.8 connecting to: 127.0.0.1:28017/test my_repl:PRIMARY> rs.status(); {"set" : "my_repl","date" : ISODate("2018-01-04T09:06:52.951Z"),"myState" : 1,"term" : NumberLong(1),"heartbeatIntervalMillis" : NumberLong(2000),"members" : [{"_id" : 0,"name" : "10.0.0.134:28017", #ip port"health" : 1,"state" : 1,"stateStr" : "PRIMARY", "PRIMARY" 主節(jié)點"uptime" : 772,"optime" : {"ts" : Timestamp(1515056188, 1),"t" : NumberLong(1)},"optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-01-04T08:56:28Z"),"electionTime" : Timestamp(1515056187, 1),"electionDate" : ISODate("2018-01-04T08:56:27Z"),"configVersion" : 1,"self" : true},{"_id" : 1,"name" : "10.0.0.134:28018", #ip port"health" : 1,"state" : 2,"stateStr" : "SECONDARY", #從節(jié)點"uptime" : 635,"optime" : {"ts" : Timestamp(1515056188, 1),"t" : NumberLong(1)},"optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-01-04T08:56:28Z"),"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2018-01-04T09:06:52.289Z"),"lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2018-01-04T09:06:51.722Z"),"pingMs" : NumberLong(0),"syncingTo" : "10.0.0.134:28017","configVersion" : 1},{"_id" : 2,"name" : "10.0.0.134:28019", #ip port"health" : 1,"state" : 2,"stateStr" : "SECONDARY", #從節(jié)點"uptime" : 635,"optime" : {"ts" : Timestamp(1515056188, 1),"t" : NumberLong(1)},"optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-01-04T08:56:28Z"),"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2018-01-04T09:06:52.289Z"),"lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2018-01-04T09:06:51.601Z"),"pingMs" : NumberLong(0),"syncingTo" : "10.0.0.134:28017","configVersion" : 1}],"ok" : 1 }

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#查看當前是否為主節(jié)點

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#主節(jié)點檢測 my_repl:PRIMARY> rs.isMaster(); {"hosts" : ["10.0.0.134:28017","10.0.0.134:28018","10.0.0.134:28019"],"setName" : "my_repl","setVersion" : 1,"ismaster" : true, #主節(jié)點"secondary" : false,"primary" : "10.0.0.134:28017","me" : "10.0.0.134:28017","electionId" : ObjectId("7fffffff0000000000000001"),"maxBsonObjectSize" : 16777216,"maxMessageSizeBytes" : 48000000,"maxWriteBatchSize" : 1000,"localTime" : ISODate("2018-01-04T09:11:15.204Z"),"maxWireVersion" : 4,"minWireVersion" : 0,"ok" : 1 }#從節(jié)點檢測 [mongod@mongo ~]$ mongo --port=28018 MongoDB shell version: 3.2.8 connecting to: 127.0.0.1:28018/test my_repl:SECONDARY> rs.isMaster() {"hosts" : ["10.0.0.134:28017","10.0.0.134:28018","10.0.0.134:28019"],"setName" : "my_repl", "setVersion" : 1,"ismaster" : false, "secondary" : true, #從節(jié)點"primary" : "10.0.0.134:28017","me" : "10.0.0.134:28018","maxBsonObjectSize" : 16777216,"maxMessageSizeBytes" : 48000000,"maxWriteBatchSize" : 1000,"localTime" : ISODate("2018-01-04T09:11:40.092Z"),"maxWireVersion" : 4,"minWireVersion" : 0,"ok" : 1 }

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#在主節(jié)點上添加節(jié)點

my_repl:PRIMARY> rs.add ("10.0.0.134:28020") #添加從節(jié)點 { "ok" : 1 } my_repl:PRIMARY> rs.status() {"set" : "my_repl","date" : ISODate("2018-01-04T09:16:33.144Z"),"myState" : 1,"term" : NumberLong(1),"heartbeatIntervalMillis" : NumberLong(2000),"members" : [{"_id" : 0,"name" : "10.0.0.134:28017","health" : 1,"state" : 1,"stateStr" : "PRIMARY","uptime" : 1353,"optime" : {"ts" : Timestamp(1515057249, 1),"t" : NumberLong(1)},"optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-01-04T09:14:09Z"),"electionTime" : Timestamp(1515056187, 1),"electionDate" : ISODate("2018-01-04T08:56:27Z"),"configVersion" : 2,"self" : true},{"_id" : 1,"name" : "10.0.0.134:28018","health" : 1,"state" : 2,"stateStr" : "SECONDARY","uptime" : 1216,"optime" : {"ts" : Timestamp(1515057249, 1),"t" : NumberLong(1)},"optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-01-04T09:14:09Z"),"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2018-01-04T09:16:31.632Z"),"lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2018-01-04T09:16:31.693Z"),"pingMs" : NumberLong(0),"syncingTo" : "10.0.0.134:28017","configVersion" : 2},{"_id" : 2,"name" : "10.0.0.134:28019","health" : 1,"state" : 2,"stateStr" : "SECONDARY","uptime" : 1216,"optime" : {"ts" : Timestamp(1515057249, 1),"t" : NumberLong(1)},"optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-01-04T09:14:09Z"),"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2018-01-04T09:16:31.632Z"),"lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2018-01-04T09:16:31.693Z"),"pingMs" : NumberLong(0),"syncingTo" : "10.0.0.134:28017","configVersion" : 2},{"_id" : 3,"name" : "10.0.0.134:28020","health" : 1,"state" : 2,"stateStr" : "SECONDARY", #從節(jié)點10.0.0.134：28020"uptime" : 143,"optime" : {"ts" : Timestamp(1515057249, 1),"t" : NumberLong(1)},"optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-01-04T09:14:09Z"),"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2018-01-04T09:16:31.647Z"),"lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2018-01-04T09:16:30.645Z"),"pingMs" : NumberLong(0),"configVersion" : 2}],"ok" : 1 }

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#刪除節(jié)點

my_repl:PRIMARY> rs.remove("10.0.0.134:28020") #刪除從節(jié)點 { "ok" : 1 } my_repl:PRIMARY> rs.status() {"set" : "my_repl","date" : ISODate("2018-01-04T09:18:10.582Z"),"myState" : 1,"term" : NumberLong(1),"heartbeatIntervalMillis" : NumberLong(2000),"members" : [{"_id" : 0,"name" : "10.0.0.134:28017","health" : 1,"state" : 1,"stateStr" : "PRIMARY","uptime" : 1450,"optime" : {"ts" : Timestamp(1515057484, 1),"t" : NumberLong(1)},"optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-01-04T09:18:04Z"),"electionTime" : Timestamp(1515056187, 1),"electionDate" : ISODate("2018-01-04T08:56:27Z"),"configVersion" : 3,"self" : true},{"_id" : 1,"name" : "10.0.0.134:28018","health" : 1,"state" : 2,"stateStr" : "SECONDARY","uptime" : 1313,"optime" : {"ts" : Timestamp(1515057484, 1),"t" : NumberLong(1)},"optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-01-04T09:18:04Z"),"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2018-01-04T09:18:10.231Z"),"lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2018-01-04T09:18:10.241Z"),"pingMs" : NumberLong(0),"syncingTo" : "10.0.0.134:28017","configVersion" : 3},{"_id" : 2,"name" : "10.0.0.134:28019","health" : 1,"state" : 2,"stateStr" : "SECONDARY","uptime" : 1313,"optime" : {"ts" : Timestamp(1515057484, 1),"t" : NumberLong(1)},"optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-01-04T09:18:04Z"),"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2018-01-04T09:18:10.231Z"),"lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2018-01-04T09:18:10.243Z"),"pingMs" : NumberLong(0),"syncingTo" : "10.0.0.134:28017","configVersion" : 3}],"ok" : 1 }

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?#添加仲裁節(jié)點

my_repl:PRIMARY> rs.addArb("10.0.0.134:28020");#添加仲裁節(jié)點 { "ok" : 1 } my_repl:PRIMARY> rs.status(); {"set" : "my_repl","date" : ISODate("2018-01-04T09:19:32.814Z"),"myState" : 1,"term" : NumberLong(1),"heartbeatIntervalMillis" : NumberLong(2000),"members" : [{"_id" : 0,"name" : "10.0.0.134:28017","health" : 1,"state" : 1,"stateStr" : "PRIMARY","uptime" : 1532,"optime" : {"ts" : Timestamp(1515057570, 1),"t" : NumberLong(1)},"optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-01-04T09:19:30Z"),"electionTime" : Timestamp(1515056187, 1),"electionDate" : ISODate("2018-01-04T08:56:27Z"),"configVersion" : 6,"self" : true},{"_id" : 1,"name" : "10.0.0.134:28018","health" : 1,"state" : 2,"stateStr" : "SECONDARY","uptime" : 1395,"optime" : {"ts" : Timestamp(1515057570, 1),"t" : NumberLong(1)},"optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-01-04T09:19:30Z"),"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2018-01-04T09:19:30.915Z"),"lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2018-01-04T09:19:30.926Z"),"pingMs" : NumberLong(0),"syncingTo" : "10.0.0.134:28017","configVersion" : 5},{"_id" : 2,"name" : "10.0.0.134:28019","health" : 1,"state" : 2,"stateStr" : "SECONDARY","uptime" : 1395,"optime" : {"ts" : Timestamp(1515057534, 1),"t" : NumberLong(1)},"optimeDate" : ISODate("2018-01-04T09:18:54Z"),"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2018-01-04T09:19:30.902Z"),"lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2018-01-04T09:19:30.922Z"),"pingMs" : NumberLong(0),"syncingTo" : "10.0.0.134:28017","configVersion" : 5},{"_id" : 4,"name" : "10.0.0.134:28020","health" : 1,"state" : 7,"stateStr" : "ARBITER", #仲裁節(jié)點"uptime" : 34,"lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2018-01-04T09:19:30.903Z"),"lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2018-01-04T09:19:30.924Z"),"pingMs" : NumberLong(0),"syncingTo" : "10.0.0.134:28019","configVersion" : 5}],"ok" : 1 }

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?#主、從、仲裁節(jié)點對比

#主節(jié)點操作 [mongod@mongo ~]$ mongo --port=28017 MongoDB shell version: 3.2.8 connecting to: 127.0.0.1:28017/test my_repl:PRIMARY> use test switched to db test my_repl:PRIMARY> db.anyux.insert([{"language":"C"},{"language":"C++"}]) #插入數(shù)據(jù) BulkWriteResult({"writeErrors" : [ ],"writeConcernErrors" : [ ],"nInserted" : 2,"nUpserted" : 0,"nMatched" : 0,"nModified" : 0,"nRemoved" : 0,"upserted" : [ ] }) my_repl:PRIMARY> db.anyux.find().pretty() 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　#主節(jié)點顯示數(shù)據(jù) { "_id" : ObjectId("5a4df337c702312dedac9176"), "language" : "C" } { "_id" : ObjectId("5a4df337c702312dedac9177"), "language" : "C++" }#從節(jié)點操作 MongoDB shell version: 3.2.8 connecting to: 127.0.0.1:28018/test my_repl:SECONDARY> use test my_repl:SECONDARY> rs.slaveOk(); my_repl:SECONDARY> db.anyux.find().pretty() #從節(jié)點顯示數(shù)據(jù) { "_id" : ObjectId("5a4df337c702312dedac9176"), "language" : "C" } { "_id" : ObjectId("5a4df337c702312dedac9177"), "language" : "C++" }#仲裁節(jié)點 [mongod@mongo ~]$ mongo --port=28020 MongoDB shell version: 3.2.8 connecting to: 127.0.0.1:28020/test my_repl:ARBITER> rs.slaveOk(); my_repl:ARBITER> show dbs; local 0.000GB test 0.000GB my_repl:ARBITER> db.anyux.find().pretty(); #仲裁節(jié)點不會存儲數(shù)據(jù) Error: error: { "ok" : 0, "errmsg" : "node is recovering", "code" : 13436 }

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轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/anyux/p/8194648.html

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