unity官方教程TANKS，難度系數(shù)中階。
跟著官方教程學習Unity，通過本教程你可以學會使用Unity開發(fā)游戲的基本流程。

一、環(huán)境

Unity 版本 > 5.2
Asset Store 里面搜索 Tanks!Tutorial ,下載導(dǎo)入

二、項目設(shè)置

為了便于開發(fā)，很多時候我們選用的窗口布局是 2by3 Layout，然后將 Project 面板拖動到 Hierarchy 面板下面，如下圖所示

三、場景設(shè)置

項目設(shè)置完畢后，就進入場景設(shè)置環(huán)節(jié)

1、新建一個場景，命名為 Main
2、刪除場景中的 Directional Light
3、找到 Prefabs 文件夾下的 LevelArt，將其拖入 Hierarchy 內(nèi)，這個 prefab 是我們的游戲地形
4、打開菜單 Windows->Lighting->Settings，取消 Auto Generate 和 Baked GI，將 Environment Lighting Source 改為 Color，并將顏色設(shè)置為(72,62,113)，點擊 Generate Lighting，這一步主要是渲染設(shè)置
5、調(diào)整 Main Camera 位置為 （-43，42，-25），旋轉(zhuǎn)屬性為 （40,60,0），投影改為正交 Orthographic，Clear Flags 改為 Solid Color ，Background 顏色設(shè)置為(80,60,50)，Clear Flags不設(shè)置也可以，這個設(shè)置主要影響的是相機移動到看不到場景內(nèi)的物體時屏幕顯示的天空盒還是自己設(shè)置的 Solid Color 顏色

四、坦克設(shè)置

現(xiàn)在要往場景里加坦克了

1、在 Models 文件夾里面找到 Tank，將其拖拽到 Hierarchy 中
2、選中 Tank，在Inspector面板將 Layer 設(shè)置為 Players，跳出對話框時選 No，this object only
3、給 Tank 添加一個 Rigidbody Component，展開 Constraints 選項，勾選 Freeze Position Y 和 Freeze Rotation X Z，因為地面位于 XZ 平面，所以限定坦克不能在 Y 方向移動并且只能沿 Y 軸轉(zhuǎn)動
4、給 Tank 添加一個 Box Collider Component，將其中心 Center 調(diào)整為（0，0.85，0）,尺寸 Size 調(diào)整為（1.5，1.7，1.6）
5、給 Tank 添加兩個 Audio Source Component，將第一個 Audio Source 的 AudioClip 屬性填充為 Engine Idle（坦克不動時的音頻），并勾選 Loop，將第二個 Audio Source 的 Play On Awake 取消
6、選中 Project 面板的 Prefabs 文件夾，將 Tank 拖入到該文件夾，至此我們就創(chuàng)建好了坦克 Prefab
7、將 Prefabs 文件夾中的 DustTrail 拖到 Hierarchy 面板中的 Tank 物體上，使其成為 Tank 的子物體，并Crtl + D(windows)復(fù)制一個，然后重命名為 LeftDustTrail 和 RightDustTrail，這是特效 - 坦克運動過程地面揚起的土
8、調(diào)整 LeftDustTrail 的 position 為（-0.5，0，-0.75），RightDustTrail 的position 為（0.5，0，-0.75）

以上過程便制作好了游戲主角 Tank，下面就要編程控制它運動了

1、找到 ScriptsTank 文件夾下的 TankMovement.cs，將其拖入到 Tank 物體上，打開 TankMovement.cs

public class TankMovement : MonoBehaviour {public int m_PlayerNumber = 1; public float m_Speed = 12f; public float m_TurnSpeed = 180f; public AudioSource m_MovementAudio; public AudioClip m_EngineIdling; public AudioClip m_EngineDriving; public float m_PitchRange = 0.2f;/*private string m_MovementAxisName; private string m_TurnAxisName; private Rigidbody m_Rigidbody; private float m_MovementInputValue; private float m_TurnInputValue; private float m_OriginalPitch; private void Awake(){m_Rigidbody = GetComponent<Rigidbody>();}private void OnEnable (){m_Rigidbody.isKinematic = false;m_MovementInputValue = 0f;m_TurnInputValue = 0f;}private void OnDisable (){m_Rigidbody.isKinematic = true;}private void Start(){m_MovementAxisName = "Vertical" + m_PlayerNumber;m_TurnAxisName = "Horizontal" + m_PlayerNumber;m_OriginalPitch = m_MovementAudio.pitch;}*/private void Update(){// Store the player's input and make sure the audio for the engine is playing.}private void EngineAudio(){// Play the correct audio clip based on whether or not the tank is moving and what audio is currently playing.}private void FixedUpdate(){// Move and turn the tank.}private void Move(){// Adjust the position of the tank based on the player's input.}private void Turn(){// Adjust the rotation of the tank based on the player's input.} }

里面已經(jīng)有一些代碼了，下面我們就對其擴充來控制坦克移動
Unity控制物體移動的方法主要有兩種：
①非剛體(Update)
obj.transform.position = obj.transform.position+移動向量*Time.deltaTime;
obj.transform.Translate(移動向量*Time.deltaTime);
②剛體(FixedUpdate)
GetComponent<Rigidbody>().velocity
GetComponent<Rigidbody>().AddForce
GetComponent<Rigidbody>().MovePosition

由于我們的坦克是剛體，且移動被限制在了 XZ 平面，此時最好的方式是采用 MovePosition
獲取用戶輸入

private void Start(){//在菜單Edit->Project Settings->Input設(shè)置，默認玩家1左右移動按鍵是 a 和 d，前后按鍵是 w 和 sm_MovementAxisName = "Vertical" + m_PlayerNumber;m_TurnAxisName = "Horizontal" + m_PlayerNumber;}private void Update(){//獲取用戶通過按鍵 w 和 s 的輸入量m_MovementInputValue = Input.GetAxis(m_MovementAxisName);//獲取用戶通過按鍵 a 和 d 的輸入量m_TurnInputValue = Input.GetAxis(m_TurnAxisName);}

移動和轉(zhuǎn)動

private void Move(){Vector3 movement = transform.forward * m_MovementInputValue * m_Speed * Time.deltaTime;m_Rigidbody.MovePosition(m_Rigidbody.position + movement);}private void Turn(){float turn = m_TurnInputValue * m_TurnSpeed * Time.deltaTime;// 沿y軸轉(zhuǎn)動Quaternion turnRotation = Quaternion.Euler(0f, turn, 0f);m_Rigidbody.MoveRotation(m_Rigidbody.rotation * turnRotation);}

音效控制

private void EngineAudio(){// 坦克是靜止的if (Mathf.Abs(m_MovementInputValue) < 0.1f && Mathf.Abs(m_TurnInputValue) < 0.1f){// 若此時播放的是坦克運動時的音效if (m_MovementAudio.clip == m_EngineDriving){m_MovementAudio.clip = m_EngineIdling;m_MovementAudio.pitch = Random.Range(m_OriginalPitch - m_PitchRange, m_OriginalPitch + m_PitchRange);//控制音頻播放速度m_MovementAudio.Play();}}else{if (m_MovementAudio.clip == m_EngineIdling){m_MovementAudio.clip = m_EngineDriving;m_MovementAudio.pitch = Random.Range(m_OriginalPitch - m_PitchRange, m_OriginalPitch + m_PitchRange);//控制音頻播放速度m_MovementAudio.Play();}}}

TankMovement.cs 完整代碼

using UnityEngine;public class TankMovement : MonoBehaviour {public int m_PlayerNumber = 1; // Used to identify which tank belongs to which player. This is set by this tank's manager.public float m_Speed = 12f; // How fast the tank moves forward and back.public float m_TurnSpeed = 180f; // How fast the tank turns in degrees per second.public AudioSource m_MovementAudio; // Reference to the audio source used to play engine sounds. NB: different to the shooting audio source.public AudioClip m_EngineIdling; // Audio to play when the tank isn't moving.public AudioClip m_EngineDriving; // Audio to play when the tank is moving.public float m_PitchRange = 0.2f; // The amount by which the pitch of the engine noises can vary.private string m_MovementAxisName; // The name of the input axis for moving forward and back.private string m_TurnAxisName; // The name of the input axis for turning.private Rigidbody m_Rigidbody; // Reference used to move the tank.private float m_MovementInputValue; // The current value of the movement input.private float m_TurnInputValue; // The current value of the turn input.private float m_OriginalPitch; // The pitch of the audio source at the start of the scene.private void Awake(){m_Rigidbody = GetComponent<Rigidbody>();}private void OnEnable(){// When the tank is turned on, make sure it's not kinematic.m_Rigidbody.isKinematic = false;// Also reset the input values.m_MovementInputValue = 0f;m_TurnInputValue = 0f;}private void OnDisable(){// When the tank is turned off, set it to kinematic so it stops moving.m_Rigidbody.isKinematic = true;}private void Start(){// The axes names are based on player number.m_MovementAxisName = "Vertical" + m_PlayerNumber;m_TurnAxisName = "Horizontal" + m_PlayerNumber;// Store the original pitch of the audio source.m_OriginalPitch = m_MovementAudio.pitch;}private void Update(){// Store the value of both input axes.m_MovementInputValue = Input.GetAxis(m_MovementAxisName);m_TurnInputValue = Input.GetAxis(m_TurnAxisName);EngineAudio();}private void EngineAudio(){// If there is no input (the tank is stationary)...if (Mathf.Abs(m_MovementInputValue) < 0.1f && Mathf.Abs(m_TurnInputValue) < 0.1f){// ... and if the audio source is currently playing the driving clip...if (m_MovementAudio.clip == m_EngineDriving){// ... change the clip to idling and play it.m_MovementAudio.clip = m_EngineIdling;m_MovementAudio.pitch = Random.Range(m_OriginalPitch - m_PitchRange, m_OriginalPitch + m_PitchRange);m_MovementAudio.Play();}}else{// Otherwise if the tank is moving and if the idling clip is currently playing...if (m_MovementAudio.clip == m_EngineIdling){// ... change the clip to driving and play.m_MovementAudio.clip = m_EngineDriving;m_MovementAudio.pitch = Random.Range(m_OriginalPitch - m_PitchRange, m_OriginalPitch + m_PitchRange);m_MovementAudio.Play();}}}private void FixedUpdate(){// Adjust the rigidbodies position and orientation in FixedUpdate.Move();Turn();}private void Move(){// Create a vector in the direction the tank is facing with a magnitude based on the input, speed and the time between frames.Vector3 movement = transform.forward * m_MovementInputValue * m_Speed * Time.deltaTime;// Apply this movement to the rigidbody's position.m_Rigidbody.MovePosition(m_Rigidbody.position + movement);}private void Turn(){// Determine the number of degrees to be turned based on the input, speed and time between frames.float turn = m_TurnInputValue * m_TurnSpeed * Time.deltaTime;// Make this into a rotation in the y axis.Quaternion turnRotation = Quaternion.Euler(0f, turn, 0f);// Apply this rotation to the rigidbody's rotation.m_Rigidbody.MoveRotation(m_Rigidbody.rotation * turnRotation);} }

2、在將 TankMovement.cs 拖入到 Tank 上時，選擇 Tank 的第一個 Audio Source Component 拖入到TankMovement 的 Movement Audio上，并選擇 Engine Idling 為 EngineIdle 音頻，Engine Drving 為 EngineDrving 音頻，至此點擊 Apply，將我們后面對 Tank 的修改保存到 Tank prefab 中

3、保存場景，點擊 Play 試玩一下

通過今天的教程，你可以學會

• 場景設(shè)置，基本的物體操作
• 編程控制物體移動

下期教程繼續(xù)。。。

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