串口通訊是嵌入式系統中最常用的通訊方式。

STM32的串口接收普通的方式是在串口讀數據寄存器非空RXNE中斷（Read data register not empty）中1個字節1個字節的接收串口數據，一幀數據的接收完成可以使用結束幀判斷，也可以使用定時器計時當定時器溢出時認為一幀數據已經接收完成（一幀數據中各byte的時間間隔很短<1mS，因此可以將定時器設置為3mS溢出，在RXNE中斷中清0定時器，若產生定時器溢出中斷表明已經3mS沒有接收到數據了，判定已結束一幀數據接收）。

如上方式每一個字節的接收都會觸發RXNE中斷進行接收字節的保存，因此若一直接收數據會占用較多的CPU時間，從而影響其它業務程序的執行。比較好的方式是使用DMA+串口空閑中斷實現數據的接收，STM32只需要進一次中斷即可。直接存儲器存取(DMA)是用來提供在外設和存儲器之間或者存儲器和存儲器之間的高速數據傳輸。無須CPU干預，數據可以通過DMA快速地移動，從而可以節省CPU的資源來做其他操作。

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工具準備：

STM32CubeMX（Verison5.6.1）

KEIL5（uVision V5.26.2.0）

正點原子潘多拉IOT開發板（芯片型號：STM32L475VET6，也可以使用其它STM32芯片）

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設計需求：

LED狀態指示燈指示系統運行狀態（正常為閃爍）

可實現串口DMA數據接收，并將接收到的數據原封不動的返回

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硬件配置：

使用板載的綠色LED燈作為系統運行狀態指示燈，硬件引腳為PE8

使用潘多拉IOT開發板開發板的USART1，硬件引腳為PA9（TX），PA10（RX）

? ?? USART1配置如下：

? ?? 波特率：128000bps

? ?? 數據位：8

? ?? 校驗位：無

? ?? 停止位：1

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<Part 1 工程生成>

1、打開STM32CubeMX后選擇Start My Project from MCU

2、根據芯片型號創建工程

3、選擇系統時鐘源為外部晶振（可自由配置）

這里需要解釋的是選擇外部高速時鐘HSE時有2個時鐘源選項。其中Crystal/Ceramic Resonator表示使用晶振/陶瓷振蕩器，Bypass Clock Sourc表示使用旁路時鐘源，即不使用晶振，外部直接供給一個可靠的時鐘源。

4、配置程序的調試方式，一般選JTAG或SWD（根據自己項目的調試方式選就可以）

5、配置系統時鐘頻率，最終配置系統時鐘頻率為80MHz

6、配置USART1基本信息

7、配置USART1 DMA接收

需要配置的模式為USART1接收DMA，方向從外設到內存（即將USART1接收到的數據搬運到用戶定義的內存空間中），數據寬度為1Byte，DMA的優先級設置為High，模式為Normal即搬運完用戶指定的字節數后停止DMA工作，Circle循環模式則在搬運完成后又從頭開始搬運，因此循環接收時會覆蓋掉用戶定義的內存空間中保存的之前接收到的數據。

8、設置USART1中斷優先級

NVIC在此處默認為4bit為搶占優先級，0bit為從優先級，即不支持配置從優先級，搶占優先級的配置范圍為0~15（0優先級為最高，此處將串口中斷優先級設置為3，也算是優先級比較高了）

9、配置系統運行指示燈PE8的管腳信息

配置系統運行指示燈的意義在于，可以直觀的觀察到程序是否正常運行。這里需要注意的是，在GPIO端口被配置為輸出時，其弱上拉和弱下拉電阻是不可用的。

10、配置工程生成相關配置

<Part 2 工程修改>

需要修改的文件有如下幾個：

main.c

usart.c

usart.h

stm32l4xx_it.c

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main.c中修改部分如下紅框所示：

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */ /********************************************************************************* @file : main.c* @brief : Main program body******************************************************************************* @attention** <h2><center>&copy; Copyright (c) 2020 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.</center></h2>** This software component is licensed by ST under BSD 3-Clause license,* the "License"; You may not use this file except in compliance with the* License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:* opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause********************************************************************************/ /* USER CODE END Header *//* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/ #include "main.h" #include "dma.h" #include "usart.h" #include "gpio.h"/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN Includes *//* USER CODE END Includes *//* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN PTD *//* USER CODE END PTD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN PD */ /* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN PM *//* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PV */ /* USER CODE END PV *//* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/ void SystemClock_Config(void); /* USER CODE BEGIN PFP *//* USER CODE END PFP *//* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN 0 *//* USER CODE END 0 *//*** @brief The application entry point.* @retval int*/ int main(void) {/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*//* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */HAL_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN Init *//* USER CODE END Init *//* Configure the system clock */SystemClock_Config();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit *//* USER CODE END SysInit *//* Initialize all configured peripherals */MX_GPIO_Init();MX_DMA_Init();MX_USART1_UART_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */HAL_Delay(100); __HAL_UART_CLEAR_IDLEFLAG(&huart1); /* 使能IDLE中斷前先清除其中斷標志位，以免使能后就立刻進入中斷 */ HAL_Delay(100); __HAL_UART_ENABLE_IT(&huart1, UART_IT_IDLE); /* 使能IDLE串口空閑中斷 */ /* USART1使能串口DMA接收，最多接收DMA_MAX_RECV_SIZE個字節，接收內容存儲于gu8_dma_recv_buff_a緩沖區 */HAL_Delay(100); HAL_UART_Receive_DMA(&huart1, gu8_dma_recv_buff_a, DMA_MAX_RECV_SIZE); /* USER CODE END 2 *//* Infinite loop *//* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */while (1){/* USER CODE END WHILE *//* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(LED_G_GPIO_Port, LED_G_Pin); /* 翻轉狀態指示燈引腳電平 */HAL_Delay(300); /* 每300mS翻轉一次 */}/* USER CODE END 3 */ }/*** @brief System Clock Configuration* @retval None*/ void SystemClock_Config(void) {RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};RCC_PeriphCLKInitTypeDef PeriphClkInit = {0};/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks */RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 1;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 20;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV7;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = RCC_PLLQ_DIV2;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLR = RCC_PLLR_DIV2;if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks */RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_4) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}PeriphClkInit.PeriphClockSelection = RCC_PERIPHCLK_USART1;PeriphClkInit.Usart1ClockSelection = RCC_USART1CLKSOURCE_PCLK2;if (HAL_RCCEx_PeriphCLKConfig(&PeriphClkInit) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage */if (HAL_PWREx_ControlVoltageScaling(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();} }/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 *//* USER CODE END 4 *//*** @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.* @retval None*/ void Error_Handler(void) {/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug *//* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state *//* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */ }#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT /*** @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number* where the assert_param error has occurred.* @param file: pointer to the source file name* @param line: assert_param error line source number* @retval None*/ void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line) { /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 *//* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,tex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) *//* USER CODE END 6 */ } #endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT *//************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

usart.c中修改部分如下紅框所示：

/********************************************************************************* File Name : USART.c* Description : This file provides code for the configuration* of the USART instances.******************************************************************************* @attention** <h2><center>&copy; Copyright (c) 2020 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.</center></h2>** This software component is licensed by ST under BSD 3-Clause license,* the "License"; You may not use this file except in compliance with the* License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:* opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause********************************************************************************//* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/ #include "usart.h"/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */volatile uint8_t gu8_dma_recv_buff_a[DMA_MAX_RECV_SIZE] = {0}; /* DMA接收緩沖區 */ /* USER CODE END 0 */UART_HandleTypeDef huart1; DMA_HandleTypeDef hdma_usart1_rx;/* USART1 init function */void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void) {huart1.Instance = USART1;huart1.Init.BaudRate = 128000;huart1.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;huart1.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;huart1.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;huart1.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;huart1.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;huart1.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;huart1.Init.OneBitSampling = UART_ONE_BIT_SAMPLE_DISABLE;huart1.AdvancedInit.AdvFeatureInit = UART_ADVFEATURE_NO_INIT;if (HAL_UART_Init(&huart1) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}}void HAL_UART_MspInit(UART_HandleTypeDef* uartHandle) {GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};if(uartHandle->Instance==USART1){/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspInit 0 *//* USER CODE END USART1_MspInit 0 *//* USART1 clock enable */__HAL_RCC_USART1_CLK_ENABLE();__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();/**USART1 GPIO Configuration PA9 ------> USART1_TXPA10 ------> USART1_RX */GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_9|GPIO_PIN_10;GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_VERY_HIGH;GPIO_InitStruct.Alternate = GPIO_AF7_USART1;HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);/* USART1 DMA Init *//* USART1_RX Init */hdma_usart1_rx.Instance = DMA1_Channel5;hdma_usart1_rx.Init.Request = DMA_REQUEST_2;hdma_usart1_rx.Init.Direction = DMA_PERIPH_TO_MEMORY;hdma_usart1_rx.Init.PeriphInc = DMA_PINC_DISABLE;hdma_usart1_rx.Init.MemInc = DMA_MINC_ENABLE;hdma_usart1_rx.Init.PeriphDataAlignment = DMA_PDATAALIGN_BYTE;hdma_usart1_rx.Init.MemDataAlignment = DMA_MDATAALIGN_BYTE;hdma_usart1_rx.Init.Mode = DMA_NORMAL;hdma_usart1_rx.Init.Priority = DMA_PRIORITY_HIGH;if (HAL_DMA_Init(&hdma_usart1_rx) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}__HAL_LINKDMA(uartHandle,hdmarx,hdma_usart1_rx);/* USART1 interrupt Init */HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(USART1_IRQn, 3, 0);HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(USART1_IRQn);/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspInit 1 *//* USER CODE END USART1_MspInit 1 */} }void HAL_UART_MspDeInit(UART_HandleTypeDef* uartHandle) {if(uartHandle->Instance==USART1){/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspDeInit 0 *//* USER CODE END USART1_MspDeInit 0 *//* Peripheral clock disable */__HAL_RCC_USART1_CLK_DISABLE();/**USART1 GPIO Configuration PA9 ------> USART1_TXPA10 ------> USART1_RX */HAL_GPIO_DeInit(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_9|GPIO_PIN_10);/* USART1 DMA DeInit */HAL_DMA_DeInit(uartHandle->hdmarx);/* USART1 interrupt Deinit */HAL_NVIC_DisableIRQ(USART1_IRQn);/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspDeInit 1 *//* USER CODE END USART1_MspDeInit 1 */} } /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//******************************************* * Function Name : UART_IDLE_Callback * Creat Date : 2020/11/05 * Author/Corporation : Jason * Description : usart idle callback function * Para : huart: the usart user use * Return Code : null ------------------------------ * Revision History * Date Revised by Description * 2020/11/05 Jason the first verison *******************************************/ void UART_IDLE_Callback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart) {if (__HAL_UART_GET_FLAG(huart, UART_FLAG_IDLE)){/* 計算接收到的字節數 */uint8_t u8_recv_num = DMA_MAX_RECV_SIZE - __HAL_DMA_GET_COUNTER(&hdma_usart1_rx); __HAL_UART_CLEAR_IDLEFLAG(huart); /* 清除串口空閑中斷標志位 */ HAL_UART_DMAStop(huart); /* 停止串口DMA接收 */ /* 使用阻塞發送的方式將接收到的數據原封不動的返回至上位機 */HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, gu8_dma_recv_buff_a, u8_recv_num, 1000);/* 重新使能USART1 DMA接收，最多接收DMA_MAX_RECV_SIZE個字節，接收內容存儲于gu8_dma_recv_buff_a緩沖區 */HAL_UART_Receive_DMA(&huart1, gu8_dma_recv_buff_a, DMA_MAX_RECV_SIZE); } } /* USER CODE END 1 *//************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

usart.h中修改部分如下紅框所示：

/********************************************************************************* File Name : USART.h* Description : This file provides code for the configuration* of the USART instances.******************************************************************************* @attention** <h2><center>&copy; Copyright (c) 2020 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.</center></h2>** This software component is licensed by ST under BSD 3-Clause license,* the "License"; You may not use this file except in compliance with the* License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:* opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause********************************************************************************/ /* Define to prevent recursive inclusion -------------------------------------*/ #ifndef __usart_H #define __usart_H #ifdef __cplusplusextern "C" { #endif/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/ #include "main.h"/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes *//* USER CODE END Includes */extern UART_HandleTypeDef huart1;/* USER CODE BEGIN Private defines */ #define DMA_MAX_RECV_SIZE 128 /* DMA接收數據最大長度 */ /* USER CODE END Private defines */void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void);/* USER CODE BEGIN Prototypes */ extern volatile uint8_t gu8_dma_recv_buff_a[DMA_MAX_RECV_SIZE]; /* USER CODE END Prototypes */#ifdef __cplusplus } #endif #endif /*__ usart_H *//*** @}*//*** @}*//************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

stm32l4xx_it.c中修改部分如下紅框所示：

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */ /********************************************************************************* @file stm32l4xx_it.c* @brief Interrupt Service Routines.******************************************************************************* @attention** <h2><center>&copy; Copyright (c) 2020 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.</center></h2>** This software component is licensed by ST under BSD 3-Clause license,* the "License"; You may not use this file except in compliance with the* License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:* opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause********************************************************************************/ /* USER CODE END Header *//* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/ #include "main.h" #include "stm32l4xx_it.h" /* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */ /* USER CODE END Includes *//* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN TD *//* USER CODE END TD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN PD *//* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN PM *//* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN PV *//* USER CODE END PV *//* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN PFP *//* USER CODE END PFP *//* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN 0 *//* USER CODE END 0 *//* External variables --------------------------------------------------------*/ extern DMA_HandleTypeDef hdma_usart1_rx; extern UART_HandleTypeDef huart1; /* USER CODE BEGIN EV */ extern void UART_IDLE_Callback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart); /* 串口空閑中斷回調函數 */ /* USER CODE END EV *//******************************************************************************/ /* Cortex-M4 Processor Interruption and Exception Handlers */ /******************************************************************************/ /*** @brief This function handles Non maskable interrupt.*/ void NMI_Handler(void) {/* USER CODE BEGIN NonMaskableInt_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END NonMaskableInt_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE BEGIN NonMaskableInt_IRQn 1 *//* USER CODE END NonMaskableInt_IRQn 1 */ }/*** @brief This function handles Hard fault interrupt.*/ void HardFault_Handler(void) {/* USER CODE BEGIN HardFault_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END HardFault_IRQn 0 */while (1){/* USER CODE BEGIN W1_HardFault_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END W1_HardFault_IRQn 0 */} }/*** @brief This function handles Memory management fault.*/ void MemManage_Handler(void) {/* USER CODE BEGIN MemoryManagement_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END MemoryManagement_IRQn 0 */while (1){/* USER CODE BEGIN W1_MemoryManagement_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END W1_MemoryManagement_IRQn 0 */} }/*** @brief This function handles Prefetch fault, memory access fault.*/ void BusFault_Handler(void) {/* USER CODE BEGIN BusFault_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END BusFault_IRQn 0 */while (1){/* USER CODE BEGIN W1_BusFault_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END W1_BusFault_IRQn 0 */} }/*** @brief This function handles Undefined instruction or illegal state.*/ void UsageFault_Handler(void) {/* USER CODE BEGIN UsageFault_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END UsageFault_IRQn 0 */while (1){/* USER CODE BEGIN W1_UsageFault_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END W1_UsageFault_IRQn 0 */} }/*** @brief This function handles System service call via SWI instruction.*/ void SVC_Handler(void) {/* USER CODE BEGIN SVCall_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END SVCall_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE BEGIN SVCall_IRQn 1 *//* USER CODE END SVCall_IRQn 1 */ }/*** @brief This function handles Debug monitor.*/ void DebugMon_Handler(void) {/* USER CODE BEGIN DebugMonitor_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END DebugMonitor_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE BEGIN DebugMonitor_IRQn 1 *//* USER CODE END DebugMonitor_IRQn 1 */ }/*** @brief This function handles Pendable request for system service.*/ void PendSV_Handler(void) {/* USER CODE BEGIN PendSV_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END PendSV_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE BEGIN PendSV_IRQn 1 *//* USER CODE END PendSV_IRQn 1 */ }/*** @brief This function handles System tick timer.*/ void SysTick_Handler(void) {/* USER CODE BEGIN SysTick_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END SysTick_IRQn 0 */HAL_IncTick();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysTick_IRQn 1 *//* USER CODE END SysTick_IRQn 1 */ }/******************************************************************************/ /* STM32L4xx Peripheral Interrupt Handlers */ /* Add here the Interrupt Handlers for the used peripherals. */ /* For the available peripheral interrupt handler names, */ /* please refer to the startup file (startup_stm32l4xx.s). */ /******************************************************************************//*** @brief This function handles DMA1 channel5 global interrupt.*/ void DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler(void) {/* USER CODE BEGIN DMA1_Channel5_IRQn 0 *//* USER CODE END DMA1_Channel5_IRQn 0 */HAL_DMA_IRQHandler(&hdma_usart1_rx);/* USER CODE BEGIN DMA1_Channel5_IRQn 1 *//* USER CODE END DMA1_Channel5_IRQn 1 */ }/*** @brief This function handles USART1 global interrupt.*/ void USART1_IRQHandler(void) {/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_IRQn 0 *//* HAL_UART_IRQHandler中不包括串口空閑中斷回調函數，因此需要自己實現UART_IDLE_Callback */UART_IDLE_Callback(&huart1); /* USER CODE END USART1_IRQn 0 */HAL_UART_IRQHandler(&huart1);/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_IRQn 1 *//* USER CODE END USART1_IRQn 1 */ }/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 */ /************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

修改完成后編譯，下載到開發板中。

<Part 3 ?試驗部分>

使用正點原子串口調試助手和開發板進行通訊，發現可以將發送的內容原封不動的返回至上位機，符合程序設計意圖，成功實現DMA+串口空閑中斷接收！

實驗結果如下圖所示：

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總結

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