mysql多源复制 知乎_MySQL多主一从（多源复制）同步配置
>多主一從，也稱為多源復制，數據流向。這是小編的服務器部署的一次小嘗試，實際工作中還沒遇到過
形式
主庫1 -> 從庫s
主庫2 -> 從庫s
主庫n -> 從庫s
應用場景
數據匯總，可將多個主數據庫同步匯總到一個從數據庫中，方便數據統計分析。
讀寫分離，從庫只用于查詢，提高數據庫整體性能。
部署環境
注：使用docker部署mysql實例，方便快速搭建演示環境。但本文重點是講解主從配置，因此簡略描述docker環境構建mysql容器實例。(亦或者可以使用一鍵安裝環境的插件，在這里不做詳說)若不熟悉，可使用傳統方式安裝mysql，效果相同。
數據庫：MySQL 5.7.x (相比5.5，5.6而言，5.7同步性能更好，支持多源復制，可實現多主一從，主從庫版本應保證一致)
操作系統：CentOS 7.x
容器：Docker 17.09.0-ce
鏡像：mysql:5.7
主庫300：IP=192.168.1.218; PORT=3306; server-id=2; database=test3; table=user
主庫200：IP=192.168.1.225; PORT=3306; server-id=1; database=test4; table=user
從庫：IP=192.168.1.128; PORT=3306; server-id=3; database=test3,test4; table=user
配置約束
主從庫必須保證網絡暢通可訪問
主庫必須開啟binlog日志
主從庫的server-id必須不同
【主庫300】操作及配置
配置my.cnf
[client]
#password = your_passwordport = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
port = 3306 #默認端口socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/var
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 32M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 128
sort_buffer_size = 768K
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 768K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
thread_cache_size = 16
query_cache_size = 16M
tmp_table_size = 32M
performance_schema_max_table_instances = 1000
skip-grant-tables
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
#skip-networkingmax_connections = 500
max_connect_errors = 100
open_files_limit = 65535
log-bin=mysql-bin #開啟二進制日志記錄binlog_format=mixed
server-id = 3 #配置唯一idexpire_logs_days = 10 #日志過期時間(天)early-plugin-load = ""
#不給從機同步的庫binlog-ignore-db=sys
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
binlog-ignore-db=information_schema
binlog-ignore-db=performance_schema
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/var
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/var
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
innodb_log_file_size = 32M
innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
創建授權用戶
mysql重啟，連接mysql主數據庫，鍵入命令mysql -u root -p，輸入密碼后登錄數據庫。創建用戶用于從庫同步復制，授予復制、同步訪問的權限；
mysql> CREATE USER '用戶名'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '密碼';#創建用戶mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO '用戶名'@'%';#分配權限mysql>flush privileges; #刷新權限
查看log_bin是否開啟
mysql> show variables like 'log_bin';
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| log_bin | ON |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
查看master狀態，記錄二進制文件名(mysql-bin.000006)和位置(916)
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000006 | 916 | | sys,mysql,information_schema,performance_schema | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
【主庫400】配置及操作
配置my.cnf
[client]
#password = your_passwordport = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/var
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 32M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 128
sort_buffer_size = 768K
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 768K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
thread_cache_size = 16
query_cache_size = 16M
tmp_table_size = 32M
performance_schema_max_table_instances = 1000
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
#skip-networkingmax_connections = 500
max_connect_errors = 100
open_files_limit = 65535
log-bin=mysql-bin #開啟二進制日志binlog_format=mixed
server-id = 1 #唯一idexpire_logs_days = 10 #過期日期(天)early-plugin-load = ""
#不給從機同步的庫binlog-ignore-db=sys
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
binlog-ignore-db=information_schema
binlog-ignore-db=performance_schema
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/var
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/var
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
innodb_log_file_size = 32M
innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
[mysqldump]
quick
"/etc/my.cnf" 69L, 1430C
創建授權用戶
mysql重啟，連接mysql主數據庫，鍵入命令mysql -u root -p，輸入密碼后登錄數據庫。創建用戶用于從庫同步復制，授予復制、同步訪問的權限；
mysql> CREATE USER '用戶名'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '密碼';#創建用戶mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO '用戶名'@'%';#分配權限mysql>flush privileges; #刷新權限
注：各個主機創建的用戶可以相同的。
查看log_bin是否開啟
mysql> show variables like 'log_bin';
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| log_bin | ON |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
查看master狀態，記錄二進制文件名(mysql-bin.000008)和位置(892)
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000008 | 892 | | sys,mysql,information_schema,performance_schema | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+-------------------------------------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
【從庫】配置及操作
配置my.cnf
[client]
#password = your_passwordport = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/var
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 32M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 128
sort_buffer_size = 768K
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 768K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
thread_cache_size = 16
query_cache_size = 16M
tmp_table_size = 32M
performance_schema_max_table_instances = 1000
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
#skip-networkingmax_connections = 500
max_connect_errors = 100
open_files_limit = 65535
#log-bin=mysql-bin #關閉二進制日志binlog_format=mixed
server-id = 2 #配置唯一idexpire_logs_days = 10 #過期時間(天)early-plugin-load = ""
#加上以下參數避免更新不及時，slave 重啟后導致的主從復制出錯read_only = 1
master_info_repository=TABLE
relay_log_info_repository=TABLE
relay_log_recovery=1 #從機禁止寫操作
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/var
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/var
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
innodb_log_file_size = 32M
innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
[mysqldump]
quick
"/etc/my.cnf" 69L, 1494C
重啟mysql，打開mysql會話，執行同步SQL語句(需要主服務器主機名，登陸憑據，二進制文件的名稱和位置)：
php mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
-> MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.218',
-> MASTER_USER='用戶名',
-> MASTER_PASSWORD='密碼',
-> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000006',
-> MASTER_LOG_POS=916
-> for channel '300';
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
-> MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.225',
-> MASTER_USER='用戶名',
-> MASTER_PASSWORD='密碼',
-> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000008',
-> MASTER_LOG_POS=892
-> for channel '200';
關鍵點解說
stop slave; //停止同步
start slave; //開始同步
//必須和【主庫】的信息匹配。
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.10.212', //主庫IP
MASTER_PORT=4300, //主庫端口
MASTER_USER='slave', //訪問主庫且有同步復制權限的用戶
MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', //登錄密碼//【關鍵處】從主庫的該log_bin文件開始讀取同步信息，主庫show master status返回結果
MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000003',//【關鍵處】從文件中指定位置開始讀取，主庫show master status返回結果
MASTER_LOG_POS=438
for channel '300'; //定義通道名稱
啟動slave同步進程
mysql>start slave;
查看同步狀態
mysql> show slave status \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.1.225
Master_User: root2
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000008
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 892
Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin-200.000061
Relay_Log_Pos: 320
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000008
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 892
Relay_Log_Space: 701
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 1
Master_UUID: 6c83a613-5cfe-11e9-92a0-000c29804965
Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name: 200
Master_TLS_Version:
*************************** 2. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.1.218
Master_User: root3
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000006
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 916
Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin-300.000065
Relay_Log_Pos: 320
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000006
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 916
Relay_Log_Space: 701
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 3
Master_UUID: 164794cb-7557-11e9-bb7c-000c29b01621
Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name: 300
Master_TLS_Version:
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
可以看見設置兩個的主從同步通道的所有狀態信息。只有【Slave_IO_Running】和【Slave_SQL_Running】都是Yes，則同步是正常的。 如果是No或者Connecting都不行，一般出錯都是【MASTER_LOG_FILE】和【MASTER_LOG_POS】不一致問題，需要細細核查才行。
配置完成，則【從庫】開始自動同步。若需要單獨啟動或停止某個同步通道，可使用如下命令：
start slave for channel '300'; //啟動名稱為300的同步通道stop slave for channel '300'; //停止名稱為300的同步通道
同步功能可自行驗證(親測有效)
參考
MySQL5.7多主一從(多源復制)同步配置
MySQL主從復制(Master-Slave)實踐???????
總結
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