查看和設置MySQL數據庫字符集作者：scorpio 2008-01-21 10:05:17 標簽： 雜談 Liunx下修改MySQL字符集：1.查找MySQL的cnf文件的位置find / -iname '*.cnf' -print /usr/share/mysql/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf

/usr/share/mysql/my-large.cnf

/usr/share/mysql/my-small.cnf

/usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf

/usr/share/mysql/my-huge.cnf

/usr/share/texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf

/usr/share/texmf/web2c/mktex.cnf

/usr/share/texmf/web2c/fmtutil.cnf

/usr/share/texmf/tex/xmltex/xmltexfmtutil.cnf

/usr/share/texmf/tex/jadetex/jadefmtutil.cnf

/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf

/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-large.cnf

/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-small.cnf

/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-medium.cnf

/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-huge.cnf

2. 拷貝 small.cnf、my-medium.cnf、my-huge.cnf、my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf其中的一個到/etc下，命名為my.cnf

cp /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

3. 修改my.cnf

vi /etc/my.cnf

在[client]下添加

default-character-set=utf8

在[mysqld]下添加

default-character-set=utf8

4.重新啟動MySQL

[root@bogon ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart

Shutting down MySQL??????????????????????????????????????? [ 確定 ]

Starting MySQL.??????????????????????????????????????????? [ 確定 ]

[root@bogon ~]# mysql -u root -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 1

Server version: 5.1.22-rc-community-log MySQL Community Edition (GPL)

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

5.查看字符集設置

mysql> show variables like 'collation_%';

+----------------------+-----------------+

| Variable_name??????? | Value?????????? |

+----------------------+-----------------+

| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |

| collation_database?? | utf8_general_ci |

| collation_server???? | utf8_general_ci |

+----------------------+-----------------+

3 rows in set (0.02 sec)

mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| Variable_name??????????? | Value????????????????????? |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| character_set_client???? | utf8?????????????????????? |

| character_set_connection | utf8?????????????????????? |

| character_set_database?? | utf8?????????????????????? |

| character_set_filesystem | binary???????????????????? |

| character_set_results??? | utf8?????????????????????? |

| character_set_server???? | utf8?????????????????????? |

| character_set_system???? | utf8?????????????????????? |

| character_sets_dir?????? | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

8 rows in set (0.02 sec)

mysql>

其他的一些設置方法： 修改數據庫的字符集

mysql>use mydb?? mysql>alter database mydb character set utf-8;

創建數據庫指定數據庫的字符集?? mysql>create database mydb character set utf-8;

通過配置文件修改:

修改/var/lib/mysql/mydb/db.opt

default-character-set=latin1

default-collation=latin1_swedish_ci

為

default-character-set=utf8

default-collation=utf8_general_ci

重起MySQL:

[root@bogon ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart

通過MySQL命令行修改:

mysql> set character_set_client=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_connection=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_database=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_results=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_server=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_system=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> set collation_connection=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> set collation_database=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> set collation_server=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

查看:mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| Variable_name??????????? | Value????????????????????? |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| character_set_client???? | utf8?????????????????????? |

| character_set_connection | utf8?????????????????????? |

| character_set_database?? | utf8?????????????????????? |

| character_set_filesystem | binary???????????????????? |

| character_set_results??? | utf8?????????????????????? |

| character_set_server???? | utf8?????????????????????? |

| character_set_system???? | utf8?????????????????????? |

| character_sets_dir?????? | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

8 rows in set (0.03 sec)

mysql> show variables like 'collation_%';

+----------------------+-----------------+

| Variable_name??????? | Value?????????? |

+----------------------+-----------------+

| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |

| collation_database?? | utf8_general_ci |

| collation_server???? | utf8_general_ci |

+----------------------+-----------------+

3 rows in set (0.04 sec)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

【知識性文章轉載】

MYSQL 字符集問題

MySQL的字符集支持(Character Set Support)有兩個方面：

字符集(Character set)和排序方式(Collation)。

對于字符集的支持細化到四個層次:

服務器(server)，數據庫(database)，數據表(table)和連接(connection)。

1.MySQL默認字符集

MySQL對于字符集的指定可以細化到一個數據庫，一張表，一列，應該用什么字符集。

但是，傳統的程序在創建數據庫和數據表時并沒有使用那么復雜的配置，它們用的是默認的配置，那么，默認的配置從何而來呢？??? (1)編譯MySQL 時，指定了一個默認的字符集，這個字符集是 latin1；

(2)安裝MySQL 時，可以在配置文件 (my.ini) 中指定一個默認的的字符集，如果沒指定，這個值繼承自編譯時指定的；

(3)啟動mysqld 時，可以在命令行參數中指定一個默認的的字符集，如果沒指定，這個值繼承自配置文件中的配置,此時 character_set_server 被設定為這個默認的字符集；

(4)當創建一個新的數據庫時，除非明確指定，這個數據庫的字符集被缺省設定為character_set_server；

(5)當選定了一個數據庫時，character_set_database 被設定為這個數據庫默認的字符集；

(6)在這個數據庫里創建一張表時，表默認的字符集被設定為 character_set_database，也就是這個數據庫默認的字符集；

(7)當在表內設置一欄時，除非明確指定，否則此欄缺省的字符集就是表默認的字符集；

簡

單的總結一下，如果什么地方都不修改，那么所有的數據庫的所有表的所有欄位的都用 latin1 存儲，不過我們如果安裝

MySQL，一般都會選擇多語言支持，也就是說，安裝程序會自動在配置文件中把 default_character_set 設置為

UTF-8，這保證了缺省情況下，所有的數據庫的所有表的所有欄位的都用 UTF-8 存儲。

2.查看默認字符集(默認情況下，mysql的字符集是latin1(ISO_8859_1)

通常，查看系統的字符集和排序方式的設定可以通過下面的兩條命令：

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';

+--------------------------+---------------------------------+

| Variable_name??????????? | Value?????????????????????????? |

+--------------------------+---------------------------------+

| character_set_client???? | latin1????????????????????????? |

| character_set_connection | latin1????????????????????????? |

| character_set_database?? | latin1????????????????????????? |

| character_set_filesystem | binary????????? ????????? |

| character_set_results??? | latin1????????????????????????? |

| character_set_server ??? | latin1????????????????????????? |

| character_set_system ?? | utf8??????????????????????????? |

| character_sets_dir?????? | D:"mysql-5.0.37"share"charsets" |

+--------------------------+---------------------------------+

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation_%';

+----------------------+-----------------+

| Variable_name??????? | Value?????????? |

+----------------------+-----------------+

| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |

| collation_database?? | utf8_general_ci |

| collation_server???? | utf8_general_ci |

+----------------------+-----------------+

3.修改默認字符集

(1) 最簡單的修改方法，就是修改mysql的my.ini文件中的字符集鍵值，

如 ?? default-character-set = utf8

character_set_server = utf8

修改完后，重啟mysql的服務，service mysql restart

使用 mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';查看，發現數據庫編碼均已改成utf8

+--------------------------+---------------------------------+

| Variable_name??????????? | Value?????????????????????????? |

+--------------------------+---------------------------------+

| character_set_client???? | utf8??????????????????????????? |

| character_set_connection | utf8??????????????????????????? |

| character_set_database?? | utf8??????????????????????????? |

| character_set_filesystem | binary????????????????????????? |

| character_set_results??? | utf8??????????????????????????? |

| character_set_server???? | utf8??????????????????????????? |

| character_set_system???? | utf8??????????????????????????? |

| character_sets_dir?????? | D:"mysql-5.0.37"share"charsets" |

+--------------------------+---------------------------------+

(2) 還有一種修改字符集的方法，就是使用mysql的命令

mysql> SET character_set_client = utf8 ;

mysql> SET character_set_connection = utf8 ;

mysql> SET character_set_database = utf8 ;

mysql> SET character_set_results = utf8 ;

mysql> SET character_set_server = utf8 ;

mysql> SET collation_connection = utf8 ;

mysql> SET collation_database = utf8 ;

mysql> SET collation_server = utf8 ;

一般就算設置了表的默認字符集為utf8并且通過UTF-8編碼發送查詢，你會發現存入數據庫的仍然是亂碼。問題就出在這個connection連接層上。解決方法是在發送查詢前執行一下下面這句：

SET NAMES 'utf8';它相當于下面的三句指令：

SET character_set_client = utf8;

SET character_set_results = utf8;

SET character_set_connection = utf8;

總結:

因此，使用什么數據庫版本，不管是3.x，還是4.0.x還是4.1.x，其實對我們來說不重要，重要的有二：

1)

正確的設定數據庫編碼.MySQL4.0以下版本的字符集總是默認ISO8859-1，MySQL4.1在安裝的時候會讓你選擇。如果你準備使用UTF-

8，那么在創建數據庫的時候就要指定好UTF-8(創建好以后也可以改，4.1以上版本還可以單獨指定表的字符集)

2) 正確的設定數據庫connection編碼.設置好數據庫的編碼后，在連接數據庫時候，應該指定connection的編碼，比如使用jdbc連接時，指定連接為utf8方式.

總結

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