準備環境：

主機	環境	部署內容
192.168.220.130	centos7.6	node_exporter-1.2.0.linux-amd64
192.168.220.131	centos7.6	node_exporter-1.2.0.linux-amd64
192.168.220.129	centos7.6	prometheus-2.28.1.linux-amd64 alertmanager-0.21.0 grafana-8.0.6-1.x86_64.rpm node_exporter-1.2.0.linux-amd64

安裝node_exporter

下載解壓下載地址：
https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v1.2.0/node_exporter-1.2.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

tar -xzvf node_exporter-1.2.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /opt
ln -s /opt/node_exporter-1.2.0.linux-amd64 /opt/node_exporter
vim  /usr/lib/systemd/system/node_exporter.service 
[Unit]
Description=node_exporter
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=simple
User=prometheus
ExecStart=/opt/node_exporter/node_exporter
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

chown prometheus:prometheus /usr/lib/systemd/system/node_exporter.service
chown prometheus:prometheus /opt/node_exporte

設置開機啟動

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable node_exporter.service
systemctl start node_exporter.service
systemctl status node_exporter.service

瀏覽器訪問http://192.168.220.129:9100/metrics，會跳轉到metrics頁面,通過輪詢的方式更新數據

修改prometheus.yml

將 node_exporter 加入 prometheus.yml配置中

vim /opt/prometheus/prometheus.yml
- job_name: 'Linux'
 file_sd_configs:
 - files: ['/opt/prometheus/rules/test_cluster.yml']
  refresh_interval: 5s

vim /opt/prometheus/rules/test_cluster.yml
- targets: ['192.168.220.129:9100']
  labels:
    name: Linux-test1

- targets: ['192.168.220.130:9100']
  labels:
    name: Linux-test2

- targets: ['192.168.220.131:9100']
  labels:
    name: Linux-test3

重啟prometheus服務

systemctl restart prometheus.service
或者熱加載
curl -X POST  http://localhost:9090/-/reload

Grafana模板導入

下載模板

https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/11074

在grafana中導入dashboard

安裝alertmanager

下載安裝包并配置

下載地址：
https://github.com/prometheus/alertmanager/releases/download/v0.21.0/alertmanager-0.21.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

tar -xzvf alertmanager-0.21.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /opt
ln -s /opt/alertmanager-0.21.0.linux-amd64 /opt/alertmanager
vim /opt/alertmanager/conf/alertmanager.yml
global:
  smtp_smarthost: smtp.exmail.xxx.com:465 # 發件人郵箱smtp地址
  smtp_auth_username: xxxx@xxx.com # 發件人郵箱賬號
  smtp_from: xxx@xxx.com # 發件人郵箱賬號
  smtp_auth_password: xxxxxx # 發件人郵箱密碼（郵箱授權碼）
  resolve_timeout: 5m
  smtp_require_tls: false

route:
  # group_by: ['alertname'] # 報警分組依據
  group_wait: 10s # 最初即第一次等待多久時間發送一組警報的通知
  group_interval: 10s # 在發送新警報前的等待時間
  repeat_interval: 1m # 發送重復警報的周期 對于email配置中多頻繁
  receiver: 'email'

receivers:
- name: email
  email_configs:
  - send_resolved: true
    to: xxx@xxx.com # 收件人郵箱賬號

設置alertmanager系統服務,并配置開機啟動

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/alertmanager.service
[Unit]
Description=Prometheus
Documentation=https://prometheus.io/
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=simple
User=prometheus
ExecStart=/opt/alertmanager/alertmanager --config.file=/opt/alertmanager/conf/alertmanager.yml --storage.path=/opt/alertmanager/data
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

設置開機啟動

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable prometheus.service
systemctl start prometheus.service
systemctl status alertmanager.service

prometheus配置

在prometheus目錄下編輯報警模版system_rules.yml，添加一些自定義報警項。

groups:
- name: Host
  rules:
  - alert: 主機狀態報警
    expr: up == 0
    for: 1m
    labels:
      serverity: high
    annotations:
      summary: "{{$labels.instance}}:服務器宕機"
      description: "{{$labels.instance}}:服務器延時超過5分鐘"
          
  - alert: CPU報警
    expr: 100 * (1 - avg(irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode="idle"}[2m])) by(instance)) > 90
    for: 1m
    labels:
      serverity: middle
    annotations:
      summary: "{{$labels.instance}}: High CPU Usage Detected"
      description: "{{$labels.instance}}: CPU usage is {{$value}}, above 90%"
 
  - alert: 內存報警
    expr: (node_memory_MemTotal_bytes - node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes) / node_memory_MemTotal_bytes * 100 > 85
    for: 1m
    labels:
      serverity: high
    annotations:
      summary: "{{$labels.instance}}: High Memory Usage Detected"
      description: "{{$labels.instance}}: Memory Usage i{{ $value }}, above 85%"
 
  - alert: 磁盤報警
    expr: 100 * (node_filesystem_size_bytes{fstype=~"xfs|ext4"} - node_filesystem_avail_bytes) / node_filesystem_size_bytes > 90
    for: 1m
    labels:
      serverity: middle
    annotations:
      summary: "{{$labels.instance}}: High Disk Usage Detected"
      description: "{{$labels.instance}}, mountpoint {{$labels.mountpoint}}: Disk Usage is {{ $value }}, above 90%"

  - alert: IO報警
    expr: 100-(avg(irate(node_disk_io_time_seconds_total[1m])) by(instance)* 100) < 60
    for: 1m
    labels:
      serverity: high
    annotations:
      summary: "{{$labels.mountpoint}} 流入磁盤IO使用率過高！"
      description: "{{$labels.mountpoint }} 流入磁盤IO大于60%(目前使用:{{$value}})"

  - alert: 網絡報警
    expr: ((sum(rate (node_network_receive_bytes_total{device!~'tap.*|veth.*|br.*|docker.*|virbr*|lo*'}[5m])) by (instance)) / 100) > 102400
    for: 1m
    labels:
      serverity: high
    annotations:
      summary: "{{$labels.mountpoint}} 流入網絡帶寬過高！"
      description: "{{$labels.mountpoint }}流入網絡帶寬持續2分鐘高于100M. RX帶寬使用率{{$value}}"
   
  - alert: TCP會話報警
    expr: node_netstat_Tcp_CurrEstab > 1000
    for: 1m
    labels:
      serverity: high
    annotations:
      summary: "{{$labels.mountpoint}} TCP_ESTABLISHED過高！"
      description: "{{$labels.mountpoint }} TCP_ESTABLISHED大于1000%(目前使用:{{$value}}%)"

在prometheus目錄下編輯prometheus的配置文件，將監控的配置信息添加到prometheus.yml。如下圖所示：

重啟Prometheus加載配置
systemctl restart prometheus.service

訪問驗證：http://192.168.220.129:9090/alerts

驗證郵件報警

登陸prometheus的web頁面，查看報警信息。

瀏覽器輸入Prometheus_IP:9090 ，可以看到各個報警項的狀態。

郵箱驗證報警郵件

總結

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