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spring mvc

發布時間：2023/12/13 综合教程 23 生活家

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一處理器映射,配置文件

DispatcherServlet是spring mvc的核心，作為spring mvc的前端控制器，必須在web.xml中聲明如下：

<servlet>
            <servlet-name>spitter</servlet-name> //定義了servlet名字，將從于servlet相同名的xml中載入應用上下文，DispatcherServlet試圖從spitter.xml中載入上下文
            <servlet-class>
               org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
             </servlet-class>
            <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
        </servlet>

<servlet-mapping>
            <servlet-name>spitter</servlet-name>
            <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> //DispatcherServlet需要處理所有請求
        </servlet-mapping>

ContextLoaderListener 可以加在配置文件到servlet xml中，在web.xml中配置：

<listener>
    <listener-class>
        org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
    </listener-class>
</listener>
<context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>
        /WEB-INF/spitter-security.xml
        classpath:service-context.xml
        classpath:persistence-context.xml
        classpath:dataSource-context.xml
    </param-value>
</context-param>

對于靜態文件，可以使用

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
<mvc:resources mapping="/resources/**" //對于所有以resources開頭的path，servlet會serve到應用程序根目錄的resources下，一般放置圖片，javascrpt等
                 location="/resources/" />
</beans>

spring有5種方法分配請求到controller

1 BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping 掃描bean，將以”/”開頭的bean的名稱或別名(alias)注冊為可以處理的url

2 ControllerBeanNameHandlerMapping 和第一個類似，但是beanname不要求和url規定一樣

3 ControllerClassNameHandlerMapping controller class name和url關系

4 DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping 注解<mvc:annotation-driven/>

這個標簽注冊了Spring MVC分發請求到控制器所必須的DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping和AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter實例

5 SimpleUrlHandlerMapping 在spring上下文種定義controller和url關系

二控制器

package com.habuma.spitter.mvc;
import javax.inject.Inject;
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import com.habuma.spitter.service.SpitterService;
@Controller //定義一個controller，在servlet中配置<context:component-scan base-package="com.habuma.spitter.mvc" />，controller自動配置成bean
public class HomeController {
  public static final int DEFAULT_SPITTLES_PER_PAGE = 25;
  private SpitterService spitterService;
  @Inject
  public HomeController(SpitterService spitterService) { //注入service
    this.spitterService = spitterService; 
  }
  @RequestMapping({"/","/home"}) //處理請求
  public String showHomePage(Map<String, Object> model) {//model是controller和view傳送數據
????model.put("spittles", spitterService.getRecentSpittles(
          DEFAULT_SPITTLES_PER_PAGE));
??    return "home"; //返回view
  }
}

處理input, url:http://localhost:8080/spitter/spitters/spittles?spitter=habuma

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/spitter")
public class SpitterController {
  private final SpitterService spitterService;
??@Inject
public SpitterController(SpitterService spitterService) {
  this.spitterService = spitterService;
}
@RequestMapping(value="/spittles", method=GET)//Handle GET requests for /spitter/spittles
public String listSpittlesForSpitter(
??    @RequestParam("spitter") String username, Model model) {//第二個參數和前面例子的map類似，map的put方法和model的addattribute方法類似
Spitter spitter = spitterService.getSpitter(username);
model.addAttribute(spitter);
model.addAttribute(spitterService.getSpittlesForSpitter(username));
 return "spittles/list";
} }

When adding a Spitter object to the model, addAttribute() gives it the name spitter, a name it arrives at by applying JavaBeans property naming rules to the object’s class name. When adding a List of Spittles, it tacks List to the end the mem- ber type of the List, naming the attribute spittleList.

jsp中這樣調用

<h2>Spittles for ${spitter.username}</h2>
<table cellspacing="15">
  <c:forEach items="${spittleList}" var="spittle">

如何測試一個controller

package com.habuma.spitter.mvc;
import static com.habuma.spitter.mvc.HomeController.*;
import static java.util.Arrays.*;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.habuma.spitter.domain.Spittle;
import com.habuma.spitter.service.SpitterService;
public class HomeControllerTest {
  @Test
public void shouldDisplayRecentSpittles() {
  List<Spittle> expectedSpittles =
    asList(new Spittle(), new Spittle(), new Spittle());
  SpitterService spitterService = mock(SpitterService.class);
Mock SpitterService
?when(spitterService.getRecentSpittles(DEFAULT_SPITTLES_PER_PAGE)).
    thenReturn(expectedSpittles);
?HomeController controller =
               new HomeController(spitterService); //Create controller
HashMap<String, Object> model = new HashMap<String, Object>();

?String viewName = controller.showHomePage(model); //Call handler method
assertEquals("home", viewName);
assertSame(expectedSpittles, model.get("spittles"));

???verify(spitterService).getRecentSpittles(DEFAULT_SPITTLES_PER_PAGE); }
}

三視圖解析器

具體view可由jsp或者velocity寫，視圖解析器將邏輯viewname轉換為實際的viewpath

view resolver：

BeanNameViewResolver view注冊成bean，id和logic view name一樣

ContentNegotiatingViewResolver

FreeMarkerViewResolver

InternalResourceViewResolver

JasperReportsViewResolver

ResourceBundleViewResolver
TilesViewResolver

UrlBasedViewResolver

VelocityLayoutViewResolver

VelocityViewResolver

XmlViewResolver

XsltViewResolver

InternalResourceViewResolver

<bean class= "org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
 <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/>
 <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>

TilesViewResolver

用來組合成一個最終表示用頁面用的，這樣的話，便于對頁面的各個機能的變更及維護。

//in spitter-servlet.xml:
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.tiles2.TilesViewResolver"/>//定義TilesViewResolver根據視圖邏輯名找到定義對應的view
<bean class=
    "org.springframework.web.servlet.view.tiles2.TilesConfigurer">
  <property name="definitions">//tiles定義的文件
    <list>
      <value>/WEB-INF/viewsviews.xml</value>
    </list>
  </property>
</bean>

<!DOCTYPE tiles-definitions PUBLIC
      "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Tiles Configuration 2.1//EN"
      "http://tiles.apache.org/dtds/tiles-config_2_1.dtd">
?<tiles-definitions>//tiles定義
   <definition name="template"
               template="/WEB-INF/views/main_template.jsp">
     <put-attribute name="top"
                    value="/WEB-INF/views/tiles/spittleForm.jsp" />
     <put-attribute name="side"
                    value="/WEB-INF/views/tiles/signinsignup.jsp" />
//Define common layout
?</definition>
<definition name="home" extends="template">
//Define home tile
?             <put-attribute name="content" value="/WEB-INF/views/home.jsp" />
           </definition>
        </tiles-definitions>

表單請求

new

@RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.GET, params="new") //只能處理get請求
        public String createSpitterProfile(Model model) {
          model.addAttribute(new Spitter());
          return "spitters/edit";
        }

<definition name="spitters/edit" extends="template">//xml中
 <put-attribute name="content"
                value="/WEB-INF/views/spitters/edit.jsp" />
</definition>

<%@ taglib prefix="sf" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form"%>
<div>
<h2>Create a free Spitter account</h2>
<sf:form method="POST" modelAttribute="spitter">
   <fieldset>
   <table cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
?   <th><label for="user_full_name">Full name:</label></th>
   <td><sf:input path="fullName" size="15" id="user_full_name"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
   <th><label for="user_screen_name">Username:</label></th>
   <td><sf:input path="username" size="15" maxlength="15"
       id="user_screen_name"/>
        <small id="username_msg">No spaces, please.</small>
??</td> </tr>
<tr>
   <th><label for="user_password">Password:</label></th>
   <td><sf:password path="password" size="30"
                      showPassword="true"
                      id="user_password"/>
       <small>6 characters or more (be tricky!)</small>
</td> </tr>
??<tr>
   <th><label for="user_email">Email Address:</label></th>
   <td><sf:input path="email" size="30"
           id="user_email"/>
       <small>In case you forget something</small>
      </td>
</tr> <tr>
??
         <th></th>
         <td>
            <sf:checkbox path="updateByEmail"
                         id="user_send_email_newsletter"/>
            <label for="user_send_email_newsletter"
            >Send me email updates!</label>
</td> </tr>
   </table>
</fieldset>
</sf:form>
</div>

post

@RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.POST)
public String addSpitterFromForm(@Valid Spitter spitter,BindingResult bindingResult) {//spitter必須先驗證
if(bindingResult.hasErrors()) {//判斷是否由error
  return "spitters/edit";//Check for errors
}
spitterService.saveSpitter(spitter);//Save Spitter
//Redirect after POST
?????  return "redirect:/spitters/" + spitter.getUsername();
}

@RequestMapping(value="/{username}", method=RequestMethod.GET)
public String showSpitterProfile(@PathVariable String username,//路徑名稱為參數
        Model model) {
  model.addAttribute(spitterService.getSpitter(username));
  return "spitters/view";
}

驗證@valid

http://static.springsource.org/spring/docs/3.0.0.RC3/reference/html/ch05s07.html

@Pattern(regexp="^[a-zA-Z0-9]+$",
        message="Username must be alphanumeric with no spaces")
?private String username;
@Size(min=6, max=20,
        message="The password must be at least 6 characters long.")
private String password; //spitter類中

BindingResult’s getFieldError() 可顯示error，也可使用標簽

<%@ taglib prefix="sf" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form"%>
<div>
<h2>Create a free Spitter account</h2>
<sf:form method="POST" modelAttribute="spitter"
         enctype="multipart/form-data">
   <fieldset>
   <table cellspacing="0">
      <tr>
         <th><sf:label path="fullName">Full name:</sf:label></th>
         <td><sf:input path="fullName" size="15" /><br/>
             <sf:errors path="fullName" cssClass="error" />
         </td>
</tr>
...
 </table>
</fieldset>
</sf:form>
</div>

 <sf:errors path="*" cssClass="error" />可顯示所有的error在同一個地方

資料：

http://blog.csdn.net/walkerjong/article/details/7946109

handler method 參數綁定常用的注解,我們根據他們處理的Request的不同內容部分分為四類：（主要講解常用類型）

A、處理requet uri 部分（這里指uri template中variable，不含queryString部分）的注解： @PathVariable;

B、處理request header部分的注解： @RequestHeader, @CookieValue;

C、處理request body部分的注解：@RequestParam, @RequestBody;

D、處理attribute類型是注解： @SessionAttributes, @ModelAttribute;

總結

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