Linux系统安装Apache 2.4.6
http://www.cnblogs.com/kerrycode/p/3261101.html
Apache簡(jiǎn)介
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??????? Apache HTTP Server（簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)Apache）是Apache軟件基金會(huì)的一個(gè)開(kāi)放源碼的網(wǎng)頁(yè)服務(wù)器，可以在大多數(shù)計(jì)算機(jī)操作系統(tǒng)中運(yùn)行，由于其多平臺(tái)和安全性被廣泛使用，是最流行的Web服務(wù)器端軟件之一。它快速、可靠并且可通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單的API擴(kuò)展，將Perl/Python等解釋器編譯到服務(wù)器中。關(guān)于更多Apache的介紹，可以參考百科“http://baike.baidu.com/view/28283.htm或官網(wǎng)http://www.apache.org/?或?http://httpd.apache.org/的介紹
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Apache軟件下載
??Apache的相關(guān)軟件包下載地址http://apr.apache.org/projects.html
1.?? Apache HTTP Server
????截止目前為止，Apache HTTP Server 目前最新的版本是 Apache httpd 2.4.6 Released， 下載地址：http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi#apache24
2.?? APR and APR-Util包
??? 截止目前為止，APR and APR-Util的最新版本如下，下載地址：http://apr.apache.org/download.cgi
- APR 1.4.8, released June 21, 2013
- APR-util 1.5.2, released April 4, 2013
- APR-iconv 1.2.1, released November 26, 2007
3.?? PCRE包
???截止目前為止，PCRE最新的包為8.33，下載地址如下
- https://sourceforge.net/projects/pcre/files/pcre/
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? 可以下載了相關(guān)安裝包，上傳到/root/kerry這個(gè)臨時(shí)目錄。也可以直接通過(guò)wget下載
Apache安裝要求
下面是官方文檔的要求，必須安裝APR、APR-Util、PCRE，gcc-c++等包，文檔URL地址http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/install.html
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Requirements
The following requirements exist for building Apache httpd:
APR and APR-Util
Make sure you have APR and APR-Util already installed on your system. If you don't, or prefer to not use the system-provided versions, download the latest versions of both APR and APR-Util from?Apache APR, unpack them into ./srclib/apr and ./srclib/apr-util (be sure the directory names do not have version numbers; for example, the APR distribution must be under ./srclib/apr/) and use ./configure's --with-included-apr option. On some platforms, you may have to install the corresponding -dev packages to allow httpd to build against your installed copy of APR and APR-Util.
Perl-Compatible Regular Expressions Library (PCRE)
This library is required but not longer bundled with httpd. Download the source code from?http://www.pcre.org, or install a Port or Package. If your build system can't find the pcre-config script installed by the PCRE build, point to it using the --with-pcre parameter. On some platforms, you may have to install the corresponding -dev package to allow httpd to build against your installed copy of PCRE.
Disk Space
Make sure you have at least 50 MB of temporary free disk space available. After installation the server occupies approximately 10 MB of disk space. The actual disk space requirements will vary considerably based on your chosen configuration options, any third-party modules, and, of course, the size of the web site or sites that you have on the server.
ANSI-C Compiler and Build System
Make sure you have an ANSI-C compiler installed. The?GNU C compiler (GCC)?from the?Free Software Foundation (FSF)is recommended. If you don't have GCC then at least make sure your vendor's compiler is ANSI compliant. In addition, your PATH must contain basic build tools such as make.
Accurate time keeping
Elements of the HTTP protocol are expressed as the time of day. So, it's time to investigate setting some time synchronization facility on your system. Usually thentpdate or xntpd programs are used for this purpose which are based on the Network Time Protocol (NTP). See the?NTP homepage?for more details about NTP software and public time servers.
Perl 5?[OPTIONAL]
For some of the support scripts like?apxs?or?dbmmanage?(which are written in Perl) the Perl 5 interpreter is required (versions 5.003 or newer are sufficient). If you have multiple Perl interpreters (for example, a systemwide install of Perl 4, and your own install of Perl 5), you are advised to use the --with-perl option (see below) to make sure the correct one is used by?configure. If no Perl 5 interpreter is found by the?configure?script, you will not be able to use the affected support scripts. Of course, you will still be able to build and use Apache httpd.
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Apache安裝過(guò)程
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Step 1：安裝包gcc或gcc-c++
[root@getlnx05 pcre-8.33]# yum list gcc-c++
Loaded plugins: product-id, security, subscription-manager
Updating Red Hat repositories.
Available Packages
gcc-c++.x86_64?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 4.1.2-51.el5??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? rhel-debuginfo
[root@getlnx05 pcre-8.33]# yum list gcc
Loaded plugins: product-id, security, subscription-manager
Updating Red Hat repositories.
Installed Packages
gcc.x86_64??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 4.1.2-51.el5??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? installed
[root@getlnx05 pcre-8.33]# rpm -q gcc
gcc-4.1.2-51.el5
從上面可見(jiàn)gcc包已經(jīng)安裝，缺少gcc-c++包，那么接下來(lái)安裝包gcc-c++,如果此處不安裝該包，后面安裝過(guò)程中會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)
[root@getlnx05 pcre-8.33]#yum install? gcc-c++
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Step 2：安裝包APR和APR-Util
[root@getlnx05 kerry]# ls apr*
apr-1.4.8.tar.gz? apr-util-1.5.2.tar.gz
[root@getlnx05 kerry]#
[root@getlnx05 kerry]# tar -zxf apr-1.4.8.tar.gz
[root@getlnx05 kerry]# cd apr-1.4.8
[root@getlnx05 apr-1.4.8]# ls
新建目錄/usr/local/apr，用作安裝目錄：
[root@getlnx05 apr-1.4.8]# mkdir /usr/local/apr
[root@getlnx05 apr-1.4.8]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
[root@getlnx05 apr-1.4.8]# make
[root@getlnx05 apr-1.4.8]# make install
安裝完成后，可以驗(yàn)證一下
[ root@getlnx05 apr]# ls -lrt
total 32
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Aug 15 06:57 include
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Aug 15 06:57 lib
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 15 06:57 build-1
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 15 06:57 bin
[root@getlnx05 kerry]# mkdir /usr/local/apr-util
[root@getlnx05 kerry]# tar -zxf apr-util-1.5.2.tar.gz
[root@getlnx05 kerry]# cd apr-util-1.5.2
[root@getlnx05 apr-util-1.5.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr/bin/apr-1-config
[root@getlnx05 apr-util-1.5.2]# make
[root@getlnx05 apr-util-1.5.2]# make install
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Step 3：安裝包PRCE
[root@getlnx05 kerry]# unzip pcre-8.33.zip
[root@getlnx05 kerry]# cd pcre-8.33
[root@getlnx05 kerry]#mkdir /usr/local/pcre
[root@getlnx05 pcre-8.33]# ./configure --prefix= /usr/local/pcre--with-apr=/usr/local/apr/bin/apr-1-config
[root@getlnx05 pcre-8.33]# make
[root@getlnx05 pcre-8.33]# make install
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Step 4：安裝Apache Http Server
[root@getlnx05 kerry]# tar zxvf httpd-2.4.6.tar.gz
[root@getlnx05? kerry]#cd httpd-2.4.6
[root@getlnx05 httpd-2.4.6]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --with-pcre=/usr/local/pcre --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util
[root@getlnx05 httpd-2.4.6]#make
[root@getlnx05 httpd-2.4.6]#make install
Step 5：啟動(dòng)Apache服務(wù)
[root@getlnx05 httpd-2.4.6]#? /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start
用瀏覽器訪(fǎng)問(wèn)http://localhost時(shí)提示It works!
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Apache安裝問(wèn)題錦集
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問(wèn)題1：缺少包gcc-c++導(dǎo)致安裝包apr-util不通過(guò)
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[root@getlnx05 kerry]# unzip pcre-8.33.zip
[root@getlnx05 kerry]# cd pcre-8.33
[root@getlnx05 pcre-8.33]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util -with-apr=/usr/local/apr/bin/apr-1-config
一般出現(xiàn)這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤是因?yàn)闆](méi)有安裝包gcc-c++,可以通過(guò)如下命令檢查，
[root@getlnx05 pcre-8.33]# yum list gcc-c++
Loaded plugins: product-id, security, subscription-manager
Updating Red Hat repositories.
Available Packages
gcc-c++.x86_64?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 4.1.2-51.el5??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? rhel-debuginfo
[root@getlnx05 pcre-8.33]# yum list gcc
Loaded plugins: product-id, security, subscription-manager
Updating Red Hat repositories.
Installed Packages
gcc.x86_64??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 4.1.2-51.el5??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? installed
[root@getlnx05 pcre-8.33]# rpm -q gcc
gcc-4.1.2-51.el5
[root@getlnx05 pcre-8.33]# rpm -q gcc-c++
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問(wèn)題2：checking for APR-util... configure: error: the --with-apr-util parameter is incorrect
[root@getlnx05 httpd-2.4.6]#? ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache? --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep
checking for egrep... /bin/grep -E
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library...
configure:
checking for APR... yes
? setting CC to "gcc"
? setting CPP to "gcc -E"
? setting CFLAGS to " -g -O2 -pthread"
? setting CPPFLAGS to " -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE"
? setting LDFLAGS to " "
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime Utility library...
configure:
checking for APR-util... configure: error: the --with-apr-util parameter is incorrect. It must specify an install prefix, a build directory, or an apu-config file.
[root@getlnx05 httpd-2.4.6]#
一般是由于APR-util沒(méi)有安裝成功，可以通過(guò)驗(yàn)證該目錄是否為空來(lái)判斷，因?yàn)槟阌袝r(shí)候執(zhí)行了make，忘了執(zhí)行make isntall命令有可能導(dǎo)致這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。
[root@getlnx05 apr]# cd /usr/local/apr-util
[root@getlnx05 apr-util]# ls
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問(wèn)題3：沒(méi)有指定PCRE參數(shù)
[root@getlnx05 httpd-2.4.6]#? ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache? --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep
checking for egrep... /bin/grep -E
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library...
configure:
checking for APR... yes
? setting CC to "gcc"
? setting CPP to "gcc -E"
? setting CFLAGS to " -g -O2 -pthread"
? setting CPPFLAGS to " -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE"
? setting LDFLAGS to " "
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime Utility library...
configure:
checking for APR-util... yes
checking for gcc... gcc
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables...
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
checking how to run the C preprocessor... gcc -E
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C99... -std=gnu99
checking for pcre-config... false
configure: error: pcre-config for libpcre not found. PCRE is required and available from http://pcre.org/
[root@getlnx05 httpd-2.4.6]#
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問(wèn)題4：安裝前忘了先安裝APR相關(guān)包
[root@getlnx05 httpd-2.4.6]#? ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/appache/
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep
checking for egrep... /bin/grep -E
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library...
configure:
checking for APR... no
configure: error: APR not found.? Please read the documentation.
[root@getlnx05 httpd-2.4.6]#
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問(wèn)題5：啟動(dòng)服務(wù)時(shí)報(bào)錯(cuò)
[root@getlnx05 httpd-2.4.6]#? /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using getlnx05.gfg1.esquel.com. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
這個(gè)時(shí)候需要編輯httpd.conf配置文件，添加SeraverName的具體IP地址。如下所示
[root@getlnx05 conf]# cd /usr/local/apache/conf/
[root@getlnx05 conf]# ls
extra? httpd.conf? magic? mime.types? original
[root@getlnx05 conf]# vi httpd.conf
ServerAdmin you@example.com
#
# ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself.
# This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify
# it explicitly to prevent problems during startup.
#
# If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here.
#
#ServerName www.example.com:80
ServerName 192.168.9.122:80
#
# Deny access to the entirety of your server's filesystem. You must
# explicitly permit access to web content directories in other
# <Directory> blocks below.
#
"httpd.conf" 502L, 18179C written
[root@getlnx05 conf]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl restart
httpd not running, trying to start
[root@getlnx05 conf]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start
httpd (pid 7797) already running
如果從其它電腦連接訪(fǎng)問(wèn)Apache時(shí)，輸入url地址：http://192.168.9.122頁(yè)面沒(méi)有顯示正常，而上面配置也OK，那么你必須關(guān)閉防火墻，有時(shí)候甚至需要重啟電腦才能OK,重啟Apache服務(wù)都無(wú)效。
[root@getlnx05 conf]# chkconfig iptables off
[root@getlnx05 conf]# chkconfig iptables off
[root@getlnx05 conf]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl restart
[root@getlnx05 conf]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl restart
[root@getlnx05 conf]#
轉(zhuǎn)載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/hyl8218/p/7543404.html
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