http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Tick_Tock

Atom Roadmap[16] Fabrication process Microarchitecture Release date Processors/SoCs MID, Smartphone Tablet Nettop, netbook Embedded Server CE 45 nm Bonnell 2008 Silverthorne N/A Diamondville Tunnel Creek N/A Sodaville 2010 Lincroft Pineview Groveland 32 nm 2011 Penwell Cedarview ? Centerton Berryville 2012 Cloverview 22 nm Silvermont 2013 Tangier[17] Valleyview Unknown Rangeley Avoton Unknown Tick 14 nm[16] 2014 Anniedale[citation needed] Cherryview[18] Unknown Unknown Denverton Unknown Tock Goldmont[19][20] 2015 Broxton[21] Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown

Intel CPU core roadmaps fromNetBurstandP6toCannonlake NetBurst Willamette Northwood Prescott Tejas Nehalem (NetBurst) ? Cedar Mill (Tejas) ? Prescott-2M Cedar Mill Smithfield Presler P6 Core Nehalem Sandy Bridge Haswell Skylake Coppermine Tualatin Banias Dothan Yonah Core Penryn Nehalem Westmere Sandy Bridge Ivy Bridge Haswell Broadwell Skylake Cannonlake 180 nm 130 nm 90 nm 65 nm 45 nm 32 nm 22 nm 14 nm 10 nm Bonnell Silvermont Goldmont Bonnell Saltwell Silvermont Airmont Goldmont

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_(microarchitecture)

Intel Core (microarchitecture)

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This article is about the Intel microarchitecture. For Intel processors branded asIntel Core, seeIntel Core.

Intel Core

L1cache	64 kB per core
L2 cache	1 MB to 8 MB unified
L3 cache	8 MB to 16 MB shared (Xeon)
Predecessor	Enhanced Pentium M
Successor	Penryn (tick) Nehalem (tock)
Socket(s)	Socket M(μPGA 478) Socket P(μPGA 478) Socket T(LGA 775) FCBGA(μBGA 479) FCBGA(μBGA 965)

TheIntel Core microarchitecture(previously known as theNext-Generation Micro-Architecture) is a multi-coreprocessormicroarchitectureunveiled byIntelin Q1 2006. It is based on theYonahprocessor design and can be considered an iteration of theP6 microarchitecture, introduced in 1995 withPentium Pro. The high power consumption and heat intensity, the resulting inability to effectively increaseclock speed, and other shortcomings such as the inefficient pipeline were the primary reasons for which Intel abandoned theNetBurst microarchitectureand switched to completely different architectural design, delivering high efficiency through a small pipeline rather than high clock speeds. It is worth noting that the Core microarchitecture never reached the clock speeds of the Netburst microarchitecture, even after moving to the 45nmlithography.

The first processors that used this architecture were code-namedMerom,Conroe, andWoodcrest; Merom is for mobile computing, Conroe is for desktop systems, and Woodcrest is for servers and workstations. While architecturally identical, the three processor lines differ in the socket used, bus speed, and power consumption. Mainstream Core-based processors are brandedPentium Dual-CoreorPentiumand low end brandedCeleron; server and workstation Core-based processors are brandedXeon, while desktop and mobile Core-based processors are branded asCore 2. Despite their names, processors sold asCore Solo/Core DuoandCorei3/i5/i7 do not actually use the Core microarchitecture and are based on theEnhanced Pentium Mand newerNehalem/Sandy Bridge/Haswellmicroarchitectures, respectively.

Contents

[hide]

1Features
2Roadmap
3Technology
4Processor cores

4.1Conroe/Merom (65 nm)
4.2Conroe-L/Merom-L
4.3Penryn/Wolfdale (45 nm)
4.4Dunnington

5Steppings

5.1Steppings using 65nm process
5.2Steppings using 45nm process

6System requirements

6.1Motherboard compatibility
6.2Synchronous memory modules

7Chip errata
8Key Terms
9See also
10References
11External links

Features[edit]

The Core microarchitecture returned to lowerclock ratesand improved the usage of both available clock cycles and power when compared with the precedingNetBurst microarchitectureof thePentium 4/D-branded CPUs.^[1]The Core microarchitecture provides more efficient decoding stages, execution units,caches, andbuses, reducing thepower consumptionof Core 2-branded CPUs while increasing their processing capacity. Intel's CPUs have varied widely in power consumption according to clock rate, architecture, and semiconductor process, shown in theCPU power dissipationtables.

Like the last NetBurst CPUs, Core based processors feature multiple cores and hardware virtualization support (marketed asIntel VT-x), as well asIntel 64andSSSE3. However, Core-based processors do not have theHyper-Threading Technologyfound in Pentium 4 processors. This is because the Core microarchitecture is a descendant of theP6 microarchitectureused by Pentium Pro, Pentium II, Pentium III, and Pentium M.

The L1 cache size was enlarged in the Core microarchitecture, from 32KB on Pentium II/III (16 KB L1 Data + 16 KB L1 Instruction) to 64 KB L1 cache/core (32 KB L1 Data + 32 KB L1 Instruction) on Pentium M and Core/Core 2. It also lacks an L3 Cache found in the Gallatin core of the Pentium 4 Extreme Edition, although an L3 Cache is present in high-end versions of Core-based Xeons. Both an L3 cache and Hyper-threading were reintroduced in theNehalem microarchitecture.

Roadmap[edit]

Main article:Intel Tick-Tock

Intel CPU core roadmaps fromNetBurstandP6toCannonlake

Technology[edit]

While the Core microarchitecture is a major architectural revision it is based in part on thePentium Mprocessor family designed by Intel Israel.^[2]ThePenrynpipelineis 12–14 stages long^[3]— less than half ofPrescott's, a signature feature of wide order execution cores. Penryn's successor,Nehalemhas 16 pipeline stages.^[3]Core'sexecution unitis 4 issues wide, compared to the 3-issue cores ofP6,Pentium M, and 2-issue cores ofNetBurstmicroarchitectures. The new architecture is a dual core design with linkedL1 cacheand sharedL2 cacheengineered for maximumperformance per wattand improved scalability.

One new technology included in the design isMacro-Ops Fusion, which combines twox86instructions into a singlemicro-operation. For example, a common code sequence like a compare followed by a conditional jump would become a single micro-op.

Other new technologies include 1 cycle throughput (2 cycles previously) of all 128-bit SSE instructions and a new power saving design. All components will run at minimum speed, ramping up speed dynamically as needed (similar to AMD'sCool'n'Quietpower-saving technology, as well as Intel's ownSpeedSteptechnology from earlier mobile processors). This allows the chip to produce less heat, and consume as little power as possible.

Intel Core microarchitecture.

For most Woodcrest CPUs, thefront side bus (FSB)runs at 1333MT/s; however, this is scaled down to 1066MT/s for lower end 1.60 and 1.86GHz variants.^[4][5]The Merom mobile variant was initially targeted to run at a FSB of 667MT/s while the second wave of Meroms, supporting 800MT/s FSB, were released as part of the Santa Rosa platform with a different socket in May 2007. The desktop-oriented Conroe began with models having an FSB of 800MT/s or 1066MT/s with a 1333MT/s line officially launched on July 22, 2007.

The power consumption of these new processors is extremely low—average use energy consumption is to be in the 1–2 watt range in ultra low voltage variants, withthermal design powers(TDPs) of 65 watts for Conroe and most Woodcrests, 80 watts for the 3.0GHz Woodcrest, and 40 watts for the low-voltage Woodcrest. In comparison, an AMDOpteron875HE processor consumes 55 watts, while the energy efficientSocket AM2line fits in the 35 wattthermal envelope(specified a different way so not directly comparable). Merom, the mobile variant, is listed at 35 watts TDP for standard versions and 5 watts TDP for Ultra Low Voltage (ULV) versions.^{[citation needed]}

Previously, Intel announced that it would now focus on power efficiency, rather than raw performance. However, atIDFin the spring of 2006, Intel advertised both. Some of the promised numbers were:

20% more performance for Merom at the same power level (compared toCore Duo)
40% more performance for Conroe at 40% less power (compared toPentium D)
80% more performance for Woodcrest at 35% less power (compared to the originaldual-core Xeon)

Processor cores[edit]

The processors of the Core microarchitecture can be categorized by number of cores, cache size, and socket; each combination of these has a unique code name and product code that is used across a number of brands. For instance, code name "Allendale" with product code 80557 has two cores, 2 MB L2 cache and uses the desktop socket 775, but has been marketed as Celeron, Pentium, Core 2 and Xeon, each with different sets of features enabled. Most of the mobile and desktop processors come in two variants that differ in the size of the L2 cache, but the specific amount of L2 cache in a product can also be reduced by disabling parts at production time. Wolfdale-DP and all quad-core processors except Dunnington QC are multi-chip modules combining two dies. For the 65nm processors, the same product code can be shared by processors with different dies, but the specific information about which one is used can be derived from the stepping.

	fab	cores	Mobile		Desktop, UP Server		CL Server	DP Server	MP Server
Single-Core65 nm	65 nm	1	Merom-L 80537		Conroe-L 80557
Single-Core45 nm	45 nm	1		Penryn-L 80585				Wolfdale-CL 80588
Dual-Core 65nm	65nm	2	Merom-2M 80537	Merom 80537	Allendale 80557	Conroe 80557	Conroe-CL 80556	Woodcrest 80556	Tigerton-DC 80564
Dual-Core 45nm	45nm	2	Penryn-3M 80577	Penryn 80576	Wolfdale-3M 80571	Wolfdale 80570	Wolfdale-CL 80588	Wolfdale-DP 80573
Quad-Core 65nm	65nm	4				Kentsfield 80562		Clovertown 80563	Tigerton 80565
Quad-Core 45nm	45nm	4		Penryn-QC 80581	Yorkfield-6M 80580	Yorkfield 80569	Yorkfield-CL 80584	Harpertown 80574	Dunnington QC 80583
Six-Core 45nm	45nm	6							Dunnington 80582

Conroe/Merom (65 nm)[edit]

Main article:Conroe (microprocessor)

The original Core 2 processors are based around the same dies that can be identified asCPUIDFamily 6 Model 15. Depending on their configuration and packaging, their code names are Conroe (LGA 775, 4 MB L2 cache), Allendale (LGA 775, 2 MB L2 cache), Merom (Socket M, 4 MB L2 cache) and Kentsfield (Multi-chip module, LGA 775, 2x4MB L2 cache). Merom and Allendale processors with limited features can be found inPentium Dual CoreandCeleronprocessors, while Conroe, Allendale and Kentsfield also are sold asXeonprocessors.

Additional code names for processors based on this model areWoodcrest(LGA 771, 4 MB L2 cache),Clovertown(MCM, LGA 771, 2×4MB L2 cache) andTigerton(MCM,Socket 604, 2×4MB L2 cache), all of which are marketed only under the Xeon brand.

Processor	Brand name	Model (list)	Cores	L2 Cache	Socket	TDP
Merom-2M	Mobile Core 2 Duo	U7xxx	2	2 MiB	BGA479	10 W
Merom		L7xxx		4 MiB		17 W
Merom Merom-2M		T5xxx T7xxx		2–4 MiB	Socket M Socket P BGA479	35 W
Merom	Mobile Core 2 Extreme	X7xxx	2	4 MiB	Socket P	44 W
Merom	Celeron M	5x0	1	512 KiB	Socket M Socket P	30 W
Merom-2M		5x5		Socket P		31 W
Merom-2M	Celeron Dual-Core	T1xxx	2	512–1024 KiB	Socket P	35 W
Merom-2M	Pentium Dual-Core	T2xxx T3xxx	2	1 MiB	Socket P	35 W
Allendale	Xeon	3xxx	2	2 MB	LGA 775	65 W
Conroe		3xxx		2–4 MB
Conroe and Allendale	Core 2 Duo	E4xxx	2	2 MB	LGA 775	65 W
		E6xx0		2–4 MB
Conroe-CL		E6xx5		2–4 MB	LGA 771
Conroe-XE	Core 2 Extreme	X6xxx	2	4 MB	LGA 775	75 W
Allendale	Pentium Dual-Core	E2xxx	2	1 MB	LGA 775	65 W
Allendale	Celeron	E1xxx	2	512 kB	LGA 775	65 W
Kentsfield	Xeon	32xx	4	2×4 MiB	LGA 775	95–105 W
Kentsfield	Core 2 Quad	Q6xxx	4	2×4 MiB	LGA 775	95–105 W
Kentsfield XE	Core 2 Extreme	QX6xxx	4	2×4 MiB	LGA 775	130 W
Woodcrest	Xeon	51xx	2	4 MB	LGA 771	65–80 W
Clovertown		L53xx	4	2×4 MB	LGA 771	40–50 W
		E53xx				80 W
		X53xx				120–150 W
Tigerton-DC		E72xx	2	2×4 MB	Socket 604	80 W
Tigerton		L73xx	4			50 W
		E73xx		2×2–2×4 MB		80 W
		X73xx		2×4 MB		130 W

Conroe-L/Merom-L[edit]

The Conroe-L and Merom-L processors are based around the same core as Conroe and Merom, but only contain a single core and 1 MB of L2 cache, significantly reducing production cost and power consumption of the processor at the expense of performance compared to the dual-core version. It is used only in ultra-low voltage Core 2 Solo U2xxx and in Celeron processors and is identified as CPUID family 6 model 22.

Processor	Brand name	Model (list)	Cores	L2 Cache	Socket	TDP
Merom-L	MobileCore 2 Solo	U2xxx	1	2 MiB	BGA479	5.5 W
Merom-L	Celeron M	5x0	1	512 KiB	Socket M Socket P	27 W
Merom-L		5x3		512–1024 KiB	BGA479	5.5–10 W
Conroe-L	Celeron M	4x0	1	512 KiB	LGA 775	35 W
Conroe-CL		4x5			LGA 771	65 W

Penryn/Wolfdale (45 nm)[edit]

Main article:Penryn (microarchitecture)

In Intel'sTick-Tockcycle, the 2007/2008 "Tick" was the shrink of the Core microarchitecture to 45 nanometers as CPUID model 23. In Core 2 processors, it is used with the code names Penryn (Socket P), Wolfdale (LGA 775) and Yorkfield (MCM, LGA 775), some of which are also sold as Celeron, Pentium and Xeon processors. In the Xeon brand, theWolfdale-DPandHarpertowncode names are used for LGA 771 based MCMs with two or four active Wolfdale cores.

The chips come in two sizes, with 6 MB and 3 MB L2 cache. The smaller version is commonly called Penryn-3M and Wolfdale-3M as well as Yorkfield-6M, respectively. The single-core version of Penryn, listed as Penryn-L here, is not a separate model like Merom-L but a version of the Penryn-3M model with only one active core.

Processor	Brand name	Model (list)	Cores	L2 Cache	Socket	TDP
Penryn-L	Core 2 Solo	SU3xxx	1	3 MiB	BGA956	5.5 W
Penryn-3M	Core 2 Duo	SU7xxx	2	3 MB	BGA956	10W
		SU9xxx
Penryn		SL9xxx		6 MiB		17 W
		SP9xxx				25/28 W
Penryn-3M		P7xxx		3 MiB	Socket P FCBGA6	25 W
		P8xxx
Penryn		P9xxx		6 MiB
Penryn-3M		T6xxx		2 MiB		35 W
		T8xxx		3 MiB
Penryn		T9xxx		6 MiB
		E8x35		6 MiB	Socket P	35-55 W
Penryn-QC	Core 2 Quad	Q9xxx	4	2x3-2x6 MiB	Socket P	45 W
Penryn XE	Core 2 Extreme	X9xxx	2	6 MiB	Socket P	44 W
Penryn-QC		QX9xxx	4	2x6 MiB		45 W
Penryn-3M	Celeron	T3xxx	2	1 MiB	Socket P	35 W
		SU2xxx			μFC-BGA 956	10 W
Penryn-L		9x0	1	1 MiB	Socket P	35 W
		7x3			μFC-BGA 956	10 W
Penryn-3M	Pentium	T4xxx	2	1 MiB	Socket P	35 W
		SU4xxx		2 MiB	μFC-BGA 956	10 W
Penryn-L		SU2xxx	1			5.5 W
Wolfdale-3M
	Celeron	E3xxx	2	1 MB	LGA 775	65 W
	Pentium	E2210
		E5xxx		2 MB
		E6xxx
	Core 2 Duo	E7xxx		3 MB
Wolfdale		E8xxx		6 MB
	Xeon	31x0				45-65 W
Wolfdale-CL		30x4	1		LGA 771	30 W
		31x3	2			65 W
Yorkfield	Xeon	X33x0	4	2×3–2×6 MB	LGA 775	65–95 W
Yorkfield-CL		X33x3			LGA 771	80 W
Yorkfield-6M	Core 2 Quad	Q8xxx		2×2 MB	LGA 775	65–95 W
		Q9x0x		2×3 MB
Yorkfield		Q9x5x		2×6 MB
Yorkfield XE	Core 2 Extreme	QX9xxx		2×6 MB		130–136 W
		QX9xx5			LGA 771	150 W
Wolfdale-DP	Xeon	E52xx	2	6 MB	LGA 771	65 W
		L52xx				20-55 W
		X52xx				80 W
Harpertown		E54xx	4	2×6 MB	LGA 771	80 W
		L54xx				40-50 W
		X54xx				120-150 W

Dunnington[edit]

TheXeon "Dunnington"processor (CPUID Family 6, model 30) is closely related to Wolfdale but comes with six cores and an on-chip L3 cache and is designed for servers with Socket 604, so it is marketed only as Xeon, not as Core 2.

Processor	Brand name	Model (list)	Cores	L3 Cache	Socket	TDP
Dunnington	Xeon	E74xx	4-6	8-16 MB	Socket 604	90 W
		L74xx	4-6	12 MB		50-65 W
		X7460	6	16 MB		130 W

Steppings[edit]

The Core microarchitecture uses a number ofsteppings, which unlike previous microarchitectures not only represent incremental improvements but also different sets of features like cache size and low power modes. Most of these steppings are used across brands, typically by disabling some of the features and limiting clock frequencies on low-end chips.

Steppings with a reduced cache size use a separate naming scheme, which means that the releases are no longer in alphabetic order. Additional steppings have been used in internal and engineering samples, but are not listed in the tables.

Many of the high-end Core 2 and Xeon processors useMulti-Chip Modulesof two or three chips in order to get larger cache sizes or more than two cores.

Steppings using 65nm process[edit]

						Mobile (Merom)			Desktop (Conroe)				Desktop (Kentsfield)		Server (Woodcrest,Clovertown,Tigerton)
Stepping	Released	Area	CPUID	L2 cache	Max. clock	Celeron	Pentium	Core 2	Celeron	Pentium	Core 2	Xeon	Core 2	Xeon	Xeon
B2	Jul 2006	143mm2	06F6	4MiB	2.93GHz	M5xx		T5000T7000L7000			E6000X6000	3000			5100
B3	Nov 2006	143mm2	06F7	4MiB	3.00GHz								Q6000QX6000	3200	5300
L2	Jan 2007	111mm2	06F2	2MiB	2.13GHz			T5000U7000		E2000	E4000E6000	3000
E1	May 2007	143mm2	06FA	4MiB	2.80GHz	M5xx		T7000L7000X7000
G0	Apr 2007	143mm2	06FB	4MiB	3.00GHz	M5xx		T7000L7000X7000		E2000	E4000E6000	3000	Q6000QX6000	3200	5100530072007300
G2	Mar 2009	143mm2	06FB	4MiB	2.16GHz	M5xx		T5000T7000L7000
M0	Jul 2007	111mm2	06FD	2MiB	2.40GHz	5xxT1000	T2000T3000	T5000T7000U7000	E1000	E2000	E4000
A1	Jun 2007	81mm2	10661	1MiB	2.20GHz	M5xx		U2000	2204x0

Steppings B2/B3, E1 and G0 of model 15 (cpuid 06fx) processors are evolutionary steps of the standard Merom/Conroe die with 4MiB L2 cache, with the short-lived E1 stepping only being used in mobile processors. Stepping L2 and M0 are the "Allendale" chips with just 2MiB L2 cache, reducing production cost and power consumption for low-end processors.

The G0 and M0 steppings improve idle power consumption in C1E state and add the C2E state in desktop processors. In mobile processors, all of which support C1 through C4 idle states, steppings E1, G0, and M0 add support for the Mobile Intel 965 Express (Santa Rosa) platform withSocket P, while the earlier B2 and L2 steppings only appear for theSocket Mbased Mobile Intel 945 Express (Napa refresh) platform.

The model 22 stepping A1 (cpuid 10661h) marks a significant design change, with just a single core and 1MiB L2 cache further reducing the power consumption and manufacturing cost for the low-end. Like the earlier steppings, A1 is not used with the Mobile Intel 965 Express platform.

Steppings G0, M0 and A1 mostly replaced all older steppings in 2008. In 2009, a new stepping G2 was introduced to replace the original stepping B2.^[6]

Steppings using 45nm process[edit]

						Mobile (Penryn)			Desktop (Wolfdale)				Desktop (Yorkfield)		Server (Wolfdale-DP,Harpertown,Dunnington)
Stepping	Released	Area	CPUID	L2 cache	Max. clock	Celeron	Pentium	Core2	Celeron	Pentium	Core2	Xeon	Core2	Xeon	Xeon
C0	Nov 2007	107mm2	10676	6MiB	3.00GHz			E8000P7000T8000T9000P9000SP9000SL9000X9000			E8000	3100	QX9000		52005400
M0	Mar 2008	82mm2	10676	3MiB	2.40GHz	7xx		SU3000P7000P8000T8000SU9000		E5000E2000	E7000
C1	Mar 2008	107mm2	10677	6MiB	3.20GHz								Q9000QX9000	3300
M1	Mar 2008	82mm2	10677	3MiB	2.50GHz								Q8000Q9000	3300
E0	Aug 2008	107mm2	1067A	6MiB	3.33GHz			T9000P9000SP9000SL9000Q9000QX9000			E8000	3100	Q9000Q9000SQX9000	3300	52005400
R0	Aug 2008	82mm2	1067A	3MiB	2.93GHz	7xx900SU2000T3000	T4000SU2000SU4000	SU3000T6000SU7000P8000SU9000	E3000	E5000E6000	E7000		Q8000Q8000SQ9000Q9000S	3300
A1	Sep 2008	503mm2	106D1	3MiB	2.67GHz										7400

In the model 23 (cpuid 01067xh), Intel started marketing stepping with full (6MiB) and reduced (3MiB) L2 cache at the same time, and giving them identical cpuid values. All steppings have the newSSE4.1instructions. Stepping C1/M1 was a bug fix version of C0/M0 specifically for quad core processors and only used in those. Stepping E0/R0 adds two new instructions (XSAVE/XRSTOR) and replaces all earlier steppings.

In mobile processors, stepping C0/M0 is only used in the Intel Mobile 965 Express (Santa Rosa refresh) platform, whereas stepping E0/R0 supports the later Intel Mobile 4 Express (Montevina) platform.

Model 30 stepping A1 (cpuid 106d1h) adds an L3 cache as well as six instead of the usual two cores, which leads to an unusually large die size of 503mm2.^[7]As of February 2008, it has only found its way into the very high-end Xeon 7400 series (Dunnington).

System requirements[edit]

Motherboard compatibility[edit]

Conroe, Conroe XE and Allendale all use SocketLGA 775; however, not everymotherboardis compatible with these processors.

Supportingchipsetsare:

Intel: 865G/PE/P, 945G/GZ/GC/P/PL, 965G/P, 975X, P/G/Q965, Q963, 946GZ/PL, P3x, G3x, Q3x, X38, X48, P4x, 5400 Express, Intel G31, G33 Chipsets
NVIDIA:nForce4 Ultra/SLI X16for Intel,nForce 570/590 SLIfor Intel,nForce 650i Ultra/650i SLI/680i LT SLI/680i SLIandnForce 750i SLI/780i SLI/790i SLI/790i Ultra SLI.
VIA: P4M800, P4M800PRO, P4M890, P4M900, PT880 Pro/Ultra, PT890.
SiS: 662, 671, 671fx, 672, 672fx
ATI:Radeon Xpress 200and CrossFire Xpress 3200 for Intel

See also:List of Intel chipsets

The currently released Yorkfield XE model QX9770 (45nm with 1600FSB) currently has limited chipset compatibility - with only X38, P35 (WithOverclocking) and some high-performance X48 and P45 motherboards being compatible. BIOS updates are gradually being released to provide support for the new Penryn technology, and the new QX9775 is only compatible with D5400XS. The Wolfdale-3M model E7200 also has limited compatibility (at least the Xpress 200 chipset is incompatible)^{[citation needed]}.

Although a motherboard may have the required chipset to support Conroe, some motherboards based on the above mentioned chipsets do not support Conroe. This is because all Conroe-based processors require a new power delivery feature set specified inVoltage Regulator-Down (VRD) 11.0. This requirement is a result of Conroe's significantly lower power consumption, compared to the Pentium 4/D CPUs it is replacing. A motherboard that has both a supporting chipset and VRD 11 supports Conroe processors, but even then some boards will need an updatedBIOSto recognize Conroe's FID (Frequency ID) and VID (Voltage ID).

Synchronous memory modules[edit]

Unlike the previousPentium 4andPentium Ddesign, the Core 2 technology sees a greater benefit from memory runningsynchronouslywith theFront Side Bus(FSB). This means that for the Conroe CPUs with FSB of 1066MT/s, the ideal memory performance for DDR2 isPC2-8500. In a few configurations, usingPC2-5300instead of PC2-4200 can actually decrease performance. Only when going toPC2-6400is there a significant performance increase. While DDR2 memory models with tighter timing specifications do improve performance, the difference in real world games and applications is often negligible.^[8]

Optimally, the memory bandwidth afforded should match the bandwidth of the FSB, that is to say that a CPU with a 533MT/s rated bus speed should be paired with RAM matching the same rated speed, for example DDR2 533, or PC2-4200. A common myth^{[citation needed]}is that installing interleaved RAM will offer double the bandwidth. However, at most the increase in bandwidth by installing interleaved RAM is roughly 5–10%. TheAGTL+ PSB^{[dead link]}used by allNetBurstprocessors as well as current and medium-term (pre-QuickPath) Core 2 processors provide a 64-bit data path. Current chipsets provide for a couple of either DDR2 or DDR3 channels.

Matched processor and RAM ratings

Processor model	Front side bus	Matched memory and maximum bandwidth single channel / dual channel
		DDR	DDR2	DDR3
mobile:T5200, T5300, U2n00, U7n00	533MT/s	PC-3200 (DDR-400) 3.2 GB/s	PC2-4200 (DDR2-533) 4.264 GB/s PC2-8500 (DDR2-1066) 8.532 GB/s	PC3-8500 (DDR3-1066) 8.530 GB/s
desktop:E6n00, E6n20, X6n00, E7n00, Q6n00 and QX6n00 mobile:T9400, T9550, T9600, P7350, P7450, P8400, P8600, P8700, P9500, P9600, SP9300, SP9400, X9100	1066 MT/s
mobile:T5n00, T5n50, T7n00 (Socket M), L7200, L7400	667 MT/s	PC-3200 (DDR-400) 3.2 GB/s	PC2-5300 (DDR2-667) 5.336 GB/s	PC3-10600 (DDR3-1333) 10.670 GB/s
desktop:E6n40, E6n50, E8nn0, Q9nn0, QX6n50, QX9650	1333 MT/s
mobile:T5n70, T6400, T7n00 (Socket P), L7300, L7500, X7n00, T8n00, T9300, T9500, X9000 desktop:E4n00, Pentium E2nn0, Pentium E5nn0, Celeron 4n0, E3n00	800 MT/s	PC-3200 (DDR-400) 3.2 GB/s PC-3200 (DDR-400) 3.2 GB/s	PC2-6400 (DDR2-800) 6.400 GB/s PC2-8500 (DDR2-1066) 8.532 GB/s	PC3-6400 (DDR3-800) 6.400 GB/s PC3-12800 (DDR3-1600) 12.800 GB/s
desktop:QX9770, QX9775	1600 MT/s

On jobs requiring large amounts of memory access, the quad-core Core 2 processors can benefit significantly^[9]from using aPC2-8500memory, which runs exactly the same speed as the CPU's FSB; this is not an officially supported configuration, but a number of motherboards offer it.

The Core 2 processor does not require the use of DDR2. While the Intel 975X and P965 chipsets require this memory, some motherboards and chipsets support both the Core 2 andDDRmemory. When using DDR memory, performance may be reduced because of the lower available memory bandwidth.

Chip errata[edit]

The Core 2memory management unit(MMU) in X6800, E6000 and E4000 processors does not operate to previous specificationsimplementedin previous generations ofx86hardware. This may cause problems, many of them serious security and stability issues, with existingoperating systemsoftware. Intel's documentation states that their programming manuals will be updated "in the coming months" with information on recommended methods of managing thetranslation lookaside buffer(TLB) for Core 2 to avoid issues, and admits that, "in rare instances, improper TLB invalidation may result in unpredictable system behavior, such as hangs or incorrect data."^[10]

Among the issues noted:

Non-executebit is shared across the cores.
Floating point instruction non-coherencies.
Allowed memory corruptions outside of the range of permitted writing for a process by running common instruction sequences.

IntelerrataAx39, Ax43, Ax65, Ax79, Ax90, Ax99 are said to be particularly serious.^[11]39, 43, 79, which can cause unpredictable behavior or system hang, have been fixed in recentsteppings.

Among those who have noted the errata to be particularly serious areOpenBSD'sTheo de Raadt^[12]andDragonFly BSD'sMatthew Dillon.^[13]Taking a contrasting view wasLinus Torvalds, calling the TLB issue "totally insignificant", adding, "The biggest problem is that Intel should just have documented the TLB behavior better."^[14]

Microsoft has issued update KB936357 to address the errata bymicrocodeupdate,^[15]with no performance penalty. BIOS updates are also available to fix the issue.

Key Terms[edit]

MT/s. Millions of transfers/second, each transfer on the Intel Core architecture is 32-bits.

See also[edit]

x86 architecture
List of Intel CPU microarchitectures

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penryn_(microarchitecture)

Penryn (microarchitecture)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Penryn

L1cache	64 KB per core
L2 cache	3 MB to 12 MB unified
L3 cache	8 MB to 16 MB shared (Xeon)
Predecessor	Core
Successor	Nehalem
Socket(s)	Socket M(μPGA 478) Socket P(μPGA 478) Socket T(LGA 775) FCBGA(μBGA 479) FCBGA(μBGA 965)

In Intel'sTick-Tockcycle, the 2007/2008 "Tick" was the shrink of the Core microarchitecture to 45 nanometers as CPUID model 23. In Core 2 processors, it is used with the code namesPenryn(Socket P), Wolfdale (LGA 775) and Yorkfield (MCM, LGA 775), some of which are also sold as Celeron, Pentium and Xeon processors. In the Xeon brand, theWolfdale-DPandHarpertowncode names are used for LGA 771 based MCMs with two or four active Wolfdale cores.

The chips come in two sizes, with 6 MB and 3 MB L2 cache. The smaller version is commonly called Penryn-3M and Wolfdale-3M as well as Yorkfield-6M, respectively. The single-core version of Penryn, listed as Penryn-L here, is not a separate model like Merom-L but a version of the Penryn-3M model with only one active core.

Contents

[hide]

1CPU List
2Processor cores

2.1Steppings using 45nm process

3Roadmap
4See also
5References

CPU List[edit]

Processor	Brand name	Model (list)	Cores	L2 Cache	Socket	TDP
Penryn-L	Core 2 Solo	SU3xxx	1	3 MiB	BGA956	5.5 W
Penryn-3M	Core 2 Duo	SU7xxx	2	3 MB	BGA956	10W
		SU9xxx
Penryn		SL9xxx		6 MiB		17 W
		SP9xxx				25/28 W
Penryn-3M		P7xxx		3 MiB	Socket P FCBGA6	25 W
		P8xxx
Penryn		P9xxx		6 MiB
Penryn-3M		T6xxx		2 MiB		35 W
		T8xxx		3 MiB
Penryn		T9xxx		6 MiB
		E8x35		6 MiB	Socket P	35-55 W
Penryn-QC	Core 2 Quad	Q9xxx	4	2x3-2x6 MiB	Socket P	45 W
Penryn XE	Core 2 Extreme	X9xxx	2	6 MiB	Socket P	44 W
Penryn-QC		QX9xxx	4	2x6 MiB		45 W
Penryn-3M	Celeron	T3xxx	2	1 MiB	Socket P	35 W
		SU2xxx			μFC-BGA 956	10 W
Penryn-L		9x0	1	1 MiB	Socket P	35 W
		7x3			μFC-BGA 956	10 W
Penryn-3M	Pentium	T4xxx	2	1 MiB	Socket P	35 W
		SU4xxx		2 MiB	μFC-BGA 956	10 W
Penryn-L		SU2xxx	1			5.5 W
Wolfdale-3M
	Celeron	E3xxx	2	1 MB	LGA 775	65 W
	Pentium	E2210
		E5xxx		2 MB
		E6xxx
	Core 2 Duo	E7xxx		3 MB
Wolfdale		E8xxx		6 MB
	Xeon	31x0				45-65 W
Wolfdale-CL		30x4	1		LGA 771	30 W
		31x3	2			65 W
Yorkfield	Xeon	X33x0	4	2×3–2×6 MB	LGA 775	65–95 W
Yorkfield-CL		X33x3			LGA 771	80 W
Yorkfield-6M	Core 2 Quad	Q8xxx		2×2 MB	LGA 775	65–95 W
		Q9x0x		2×3 MB
Yorkfield		Q9x5x		2×6 MB
Yorkfield XE	Core 2 Extreme	QX9xxx		2×6 MB		130–136 W
		QX9xx5			LGA 771	150 W
Wolfdale-DP	Xeon	E52xx	2	6 MB	LGA 771	65 W
		L52xx				20-55 W
		X52xx				80 W
Harpertown		E54xx	4	2×6 MB	LGA 771	80 W
		L54xx				40-50 W
		X54xx				120-150 W

Processor cores[edit]

The processors of the Core microarchitecture can be categorized by number of cores, cache size, and socket; each combination of these has a unique code name and product code that is used across a number of brands. For instance, code name "Allendale" with product code 80557 has two cores, 2 MB L2 cache and uses the desktop socket 775, but has been marketed as Celeron, Pentium, Core 2 and Xeon, each with different sets of features enabled. Most of the mobile and desktop processors come in two variants that differ in the size of the L2 cache, but the specific amount of L2 cache in a product can also be reduced by disabling parts at production time. Wolfdale-DP and all quad-core processors except Dunnington QC are multi-chip modules combining two dies. For the 65nm processors, the same product code can be shared by processors with different dies, but the specific information about which one is used can be derived from the stepping.

	fab	cores	Mobile		Desktop, UP Server		CL Server	DP Server	MP Server
Single-Core45 nm	45 nm	1		Penryn-L 80585				Wolfdale-CL 80588
Dual-Core 45nm	45nm	2	Penryn-3M 80577	Penryn 80576	Wolfdale-3M 80571	Wolfdale 80570	Wolfdale-CL 80588	Wolfdale-DP 80573
Quad-Core 45nm	45nm	4		Penryn-QC 80581	Yorkfield-6M 80580	Yorkfield 80569	Yorkfield-CL 80584	Harpertown 80574	Dunnington QC 80583
Six-Core 45nm	45nm	6							Dunnington 80582

Steppings using 45nm process[edit]

						Mobile (Penryn)			Desktop (Wolfdale)				Desktop (Yorkfield)		Server (Wolfdale-DP,Harpertown,Dunnington)
Stepping	Released	Area	CPUID	L2 cache	Max. clock	Celeron	Pentium	Core2	Celeron	Pentium	Core2	Xeon	Core2	Xeon	Xeon
C0	Nov 2007	107mm2	10676	6MiB	3.00GHz			E8000P7000T8000T9000P9000SP9000SL9000X9000			E8000	3100	QX9000		52005400
M0	Mar 2008	82mm2	10676	3MiB	2.40GHz	7xx		SU3000P7000P8000T8000SU9000		E5000E2000	E7000
C1	Mar 2008	107mm2	10677	6MiB	3.20GHz								Q9000QX9000	3300
M1	Mar 2008	82mm2	10677	3MiB	2.50GHz								Q8000Q9000	3300
E0	Aug 2008	107mm2	1067A	6MiB	3.33GHz			T9000P9000SP9000SL9000Q9000QX9000			E8000	3100	Q9000Q9000SQX9000	3300	52005400
R0	Aug 2008	82mm2	1067A	3MiB	2.93GHz	7xx900SU2000T3000	T4000SU2000SU4000	SU3000T6000SU7000P8000SU9000	E3000	E5000E6000	E7000		Q8000Q8000SQ9000Q9000S	3300
A1	Sep 2008	503mm2	106D1	3MiB	2.67GHz										7400

In the model 23 (cpuid 01067xh), Intel started marketing stepping with full (6MiB) and reduced (3MiB) L2 cache at the same time, and giving them identical cpuid values. All steppings have the newSSE4.1instructions. Stepping C1/M1 was a bug fix version of C0/M0 specifically for quad core processors and only used in those. Stepping E0/R0 adds two new instructions (XSAVE/XRSTOR) and replaces all earlier steppings.

In mobile processors, stepping C0/M0 is only used in the Intel Mobile 965 Express (Santa Rosa refresh) platform, whereas stepping E0/R0 supports the later Intel Mobile 4 Express (Montevina) platform.

Model 30 stepping A1 (cpuid 106d1h) adds an L3 cache as well as six instead of the usual two cores, which leads to an unusually large die size of 503mm2.^[1]As of February 2008, it has only found its way into the very high-end Xeon 7400 series (Dunnington).

Roadmap[edit]

The main article for thiscategoryisIntel Tick-Tock.

See also[edit]

x86 architecture
List of Intel CPU microarchitectures

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehalem_(microarchitecture)

Nehalem (microarchitecture)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For other uses, seeNehalem (disambiguation).

Nehalem

L1cache	64 KB per core
L2 cache	256 KB per core
L3 cache	4 MB to 12 MB shared
Predecessor	Core (tock) Penryn (tick)
Successor	Westmere (tick) Sandy Bridge (tock)
Socket(s)	LGA 1156 LGA 1366 LGA 1567 μPGA 988

Nehalem/n??he?l?m/^[1]is thecodenamefor anIntelprocessormicroarchitecture, successor to theCore microarchitecture.^[2]Nehalem processors use the45 nmprocess. A preview system with two Nehalem processors was shown atIntel Developer Forumin 2007. The first processor released with the Nehalem architecture was the desktopCore i7,^[3]which was released in November 2008.

Nehalem, a recycled Intel code name, refers to an architecture that differs radically fromNetburst, while retaining some of the latter's minor features. Nehalem-based microprocessors use higher clock speeds and are more energy-efficient thanPenrynmicroprocessors.Hyper-threadingis reintroduced, along with a reduction in L2 cache size, as well as an enlarged L3 cache that is shared by all cores. Nehalem was replaced with theSandy Bridgemicroarchitecture, released in January 2011.

Contents

[hide]

1Technology
2Performance and power improvements
3Variants Overview

3.1Server and desktop processors
3.2Mobile processors

4Roadmap
5See also
6References
7Further reading
8External links

Technology[edit]

Microarchitecture of a processor core in the quad-core implementation

Hyper-threadingreintroduced.
4–12 MBL3 cache
Second-levelbranch predictorandtranslation lookaside buffer
Native (all processor cores on a single die) quad- and octa-core processors
Intel QuickPath Interconnectin high-end models replacing the legacyfront side bus
64 KB L1 cache/core (32 KB L1 Data + 32 KB L1 Instruction) and 256 KB L2 cache/core.
Integration ofPCI ExpressandDMIinto the processor in mid-range models, replacing thenorthbridge
Integratedmemory controllersupporting two or three memory channels ofDDR3 SDRAMor fourFB-DIMM2channels
2nd generation Intel Virtualization Technology, which introducedExtended Page Tablesupport, virtual processor identifiers (VPIDs), andnon-maskable interrupt-window exiting^[4]

TLB Sizes^[5]

Cache		Page Size
Name	Level	4 kB	2 MB
DTLB	1st	64	32
ITLB	1st	128	7/logical core
STLB	2nd	512	none

Performance and power improvements[edit]

It has been reported that Nehalem has a focus on performance, thus the increased core size.^[6]Compared to Penryn, Nehalem has:

10-25% more single-threaded performance / 20-100% moremultithreadedperformance at the same power level
30% lowerpower consumptionfor the sameperformance
Nehalem provides a 15–20% clock-for-clock increase in performance per core(average)

Overclocking is possible with Bloomfield processors and theX58chipset. Lynnfield processors use aPCHremoving the need for a northbridge chipset.^[7]

Nehalem processors incorporateSSE 4.2SIMDinstructions, adding 7 new instructions to the SSE 4.1 set in the Core 2 series. The Nehalem architecture reduces atomic operation latency by 50% in an attempt to eliminate atomic overhead .^[8]

Variants Overview[edit]

Processing Cores (interface)	Process	Die Size	CPUID	Model	Stepping	Mobile	Desktop, UP Server	DP Server	MP Server
Eight-Core(Quad-Channel)	45nm	684mm2	206E6	46	D0				Beckton(80604)
Quad-Core(Triple-Channel)	45nm	263mm2	106A4 106A5	26	C0 D0		Bloomfield(80601)	Gainestown(80602)
Quad-Core(Dual-Channel, PCIe)	45nm	296mm2	106E4 106E5	30	B0 B1	Clarksfield(80607)	Lynnfield(80605)	Jasper Forest(80612)
Dual-Core(Dual-Channel, PCIe, Graphics Core)	45nm					Auburndale(canceled)	Havendale(canceled)

Lynnfield processors feature integratedPCIe1 x16 or 2 x8.
¹6500 series scalable up to 2 sockets, 7500 series scalable up to 4/8 sockets.^[9]

Server and desktop processors[edit]

Codename	Market	Cores/ Threads	Socket	Processor Branding & Model		CPU Clock rate	Turbo	TDP	Interfaces		L3 cache	Release Date	Price for 1k Unit
									Chipset	Memory
Beckton1	MP Server / DP Server	8 (16)	LGA 1567	Xeon[10]	X7560	2.26GHz	Yes	130W	4×QPI6.4GT/s	DDR3-800 / 1066 (Up to 4x with SMB-Ready Motherboard)	24MB	2010-03-30[11]	$3692
					X7550	2.0GHz					18 MB		$2837
					X6550								$2461
					L7555	1.86GHz		95 W	4× QPI 5.86 GT/s		24 MB		$3157
		6 (12)			E7540	2.0GHz		105 W	4× QPI 6.4 GT/s		18 MB		$1980
					E6540						12 MB		$1712
					E7530	1.86GHz			4× QPI 5.86 GT/s				$1391
					L7545						18 MB		$2087
		6 (6)			X7542	2.66GHz		130 W					$1980
		4 (8)			E7520	1.86GHz	No	105 W	4× QPI 4.8 GT/s				$856
					E6510	1.73GHz					12 MB		$744
Gainestown	DP Server[12]	4 (8)	LGA 1366	Xeon[13]	W5590	3.33GHz	Yes	130 W	2× QPI 6.4 GT/s	3×DDR3-13331	8 MB	2009-08-09	$1600
					W5580	3.2GHz						2009-03-29[14]	$1500
					X5570	2.93GHz		95 W					$1286
					X5560	2.8GHz							$1072
					X5550	2.66GHz							$858
					E5540	2.53GHz		80 W	2× 5.86 GT/s	3× DDR3-10661			$744
					E5530	2.4GHz							$530
					E5520	2.26GHz							$373
					L5530	2.4GHz		60 W				2009-08-09	$744
					L5520	2.26GHz						2009-03-30	$530
					L5518	2.13GHz							$
		4 (4)			E5507	2.26GHz	No	80 W	2× 4.8 GT/s	3× DDR3-8001	4 MB	2010-03-16	$266
					E5506	2.13GHz						2009-03-29
					L5506	2.13GHz		60 W					$423
					E5504	2.0GHz		80 W					$224
		2 (4)			L5508	2.0GHz	Yes	38 W	2× 5.86 GT/s	3× DDR3-1066	8 MB		$
		2 (2)			E5503	2.0GHz	No	80 W	2× 4.8 GT/s	3× DDR3-800	4 MB	2010-03-16	$224
					E5502	1.86GHz						2009-03-29	$188
Bloomfield	UP Server[15]	4 (8)		Xeon[16]	W3580	3.33GHz	Yes	130 W	1× QPI 6.4 GT/s	3× DDR3-1333	8 MB	2009-08-09	$999
					W3570	3.2GHz						2009-03-29[16]
					W3565	3.2GHz			1× QPI 4.8 GT/s	3× DDR3-1066		2009-11-01	$562
					W3550	3.06GHz						2009-08-09
					W3540	2.93GHz						2009-03-29[16]
					W3530	2.8GHz						2010-03-16	$294
					W3520	2.66GHz						2009-03-29[16]	$284
		2(2)			W3505	2.53GHz	No				4 MB		$
					W3503	2.4GHz							$
Lynnfield		4 (8)	LGA 1156		X3480	3.06GHz	Yes	95 W	DMI	2× DDR3-1333	8 MB	2010-05-30	$612
					X3470	2.93GHz						2009-09-08	$589
					X3460	2.8GHz							$316
					X3450	2.66GHz							$241
					X3440	2.53GHz							$215
					L3426	1.86GHz		45 W					$284
		4 (4)			X3430	2.4GHz		95 W					$189
Bloomfield	Enthusiast Desktop[17]	4 (8)	LGA 1366	Core i7 Extreme	975[18]	3.33GHz	Yes	130 W	1× QPI 6.4 GT/s	3× DDR3-1066		2009-05-31	$999
					965	3.2GHz						2008-11-17
				Core i7	960[19]	3.2GHz			1× QPI 4.8 GT/s			2009-10-20	$562
					950[18]	3.06GHz						2009-05-31
					940	2.93GHz						2008-11-17
					930	2.8GHz						2010-02-28	$294
					920	2.66GHz						2008-11-17	$284
Lynnfield	Performance Desktop		LGA 1156		880	3.06GHz	Yes	95 W	DMI	2× DDR3-1333		2010-05-30	$583
					875K	2.93GHz							$342
					870[20]							2009-09-08	$562
					870S	2.66GHz		82 W				2010-07-19	$351
					860	2.8GHz		95 W				2009-09-08	$284
					860S	2.53GHz		82 W				2010-01-07	$337
		4 (4)		Core i5	760	2.8GHz		95 W				2010-07-17	$209
					750[21]	2.66GHz		95 W				2009-09-08	$196
					750S	2.4GHz		82 W				2010-01-07	$259

Intel states the Gainestown processors have six memory channels. Gainestown processors have dual QPI links and have a separate set of memory registers for each link in effect, a multiplexed six-channel system.^[22][23]

Mobile processors[edit]

Codename	Market	Cores / Threads	Socket	Processor Branding & Model		Core Clock rate	Turbo	TDP	L3 cache	Interface	Release Date	Price for 1k Unit
Clarksfield	Extreme / Performance Mobile	4 (8)	μPGA 988	Core i7 Extreme	940XM	2.13GHz	Yes	55 W	8 MB	* DMI * 2x DDR3-1333 *PCIe1 x16 / 2 x8	2010-06-21	$1096
					920XM	2.0GHz					2009-09-23	$1054
				Core i7	840QM	1.86GHz		45 W			2010-06-21	$568
					820QM	1.73GHz					2009-09-23	$546
					740QM				6 MB		2010-06-21	$378
					720QM	1.6GHz					2009-09-23	$364

Roadmap[edit]

The main article for thiscategoryisIntel Tick-Tock.

The successor toNehalemandWestmereisSandy Bridge.

Intel CPU core roadmaps fromNetBurstandP6toCannonlake

See also[edit]

List of Intel CPU microarchitectures

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westmere_(microarchitecture)

Westmere (microarchitecture)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Westmere

L1cache	64KB per core
L2 cache	256KB per core
L3 cache	4MB to 30MB shared
GPU	533 MHz to 900 MHz 177M45nm(K0)
Predecessor	Nehalem
Successor	Sandy Bridge
Socket(s)	LGA 1156 LGA 1366 LGA 1567 μPGA 988

Connection of theGPUinside the Westemere microarchitecture

Westmere(formerlyNehalem-C) is the name given to the32 nmdie shrinkofNehalem. The firstWestmere-based processors were launched on January 7, 2010 by Intel Corporation.

Westmere's feature improvements from Nehalem as reported:

Native six-core (Gulftown) and ten-core (Westmere-EX) processors.^[1]
A new set of instructions that gives over 3x the encryption and decryption rate ofAdvanced Encryption Standard(AES) processes compared to before.^[2]

Delivers seven new instructions (AES instruction setorAES-NI) that will be used by the AES algorithm. Also an instruction called PCLMULQDQ (seeCLMUL instruction set) that will perform carry-less multiplication for use in cryptography.^[3]These instructions will allow the processor to perform hardware-accelerated encryption, not only resulting in faster execution but also protecting against software targeted attacks.

Integrated graphics, added into the processor package (dual coreArrandaleandClarkdaleonly).
Improved virtualization latency.^[4]
New virtualization capability: "VMX Unrestricted mode support," which allows 16-bit guests to run (real mode and big real mode).
Support for "Huge Pages" of 1 GB in size.

TLB Sizes^[5]

Cache		Page Size
Name	Level	4 kB	2 MB	1 GB
DTLB	1st	64	32	?
ITLB	1st	128	7/logical core	?
STLB	2nd	512	none	none

Contents

[hide]

1CPU Variants
2Westmere CPUs

2.1Server / Desktop Processors
2.2Mobile Processors

3Roadmap
4See also
5References
6External links

CPU Variants[edit]

Processing Cores (interface)	Process	Die Size	CPUID	Model	Stepping	Mobile	Desktop, UP Server	DP Server	MP Server
Ten-Core(Quad-channel)[6]	32nm	513mm2	206F2	47	A2				Westmere-EX(80615)
Six-Core(Triple-Channel)	32nm	248mm2	206C2	44	B1		Gulftown(80613)	Westmere-EP(80614)
Dual-Core(Dual-Channel, PCIe, Graphics Core)	32nm 45nm	81+114mm2	20652 20655	37	C2 K0	Arrandale(80617)	Clarkdale(80616)

Westmere CPUs[edit]

TDPincludes the integrated GPU, if present.
Clarkdale processors feature an integratedPCIe1 ×16.
ClarkdaleandArrandalecontain the 32nm dual core processorHilleland the 45nm integrated graphics deviceIronlake, and support switchable graphics.^[7][8]

Server / Desktop Processors[edit]

Codename	Market	Cores/ Threads	Socket	Processor Branding & model		Clock rate		Turbo	TDP	Interfaces		L3 cache	Release Date	Price
						Core	GPU			Chipset	Memory
Westmere-EX [9]	MP Server	10 (20)	LGA 1567	Xeon	E7-8870	2.4GHz	N/A	Yes	130 W	4× QPI 6.4 GT/s	4× DDR3-1066	30 MB	2011-04-05 [10]	$4616
					E7-4870									$4394
					E7-2870									$4227
					E7-8867L	2.13GHz			105 W					$4172
					E7-8860	2.26GHz			130 W			24 MB		$4061
					E7-4860									$3838
					E7-2860									$3670
					E7-8850	2GHz								$3059
					E7-4850									$2837
					E7-2850									$2558
		8 (8)			E7-8837	2.66GHz								$2280
		8 (16)			E7-8830	2.13GHz			105 W
					E7-4830									$2059
					E7-2830									$1779
					E7-4820	2GHz				4× QPI 5.86 GT/s		18 MB		$1446
					E7-2820									$1334
		6 (12)			E7-4807	1.86GHz		No	95 W	4× QPI 4.8 GT/s	4× DDR3-800			$890
					E7-2803	1.73GHz			105 W					$774
Gulftown / Westmere-EP [11]	DP Server	6 (12)	LGA 1366	Xeon	X5690	3.46GHz	N/A	Yes	130 W	2× QPI 6.4GT/s	3× DDR3-1333	12 MB	2011-02-13	$1663
					X5680	3.33GHz							2010-03-16
					X5675	3.06GHz			95 W				2011-02-05	$1440
					X5670	2.93GHz							2010-03-16
					X5660	2.8GHz								$1219
					X5650	2.66GHz								$996
					E5645	2.4GHz			80 W	2× QPI 5.86 GT/s				$958
					L5640	2.26GHz			60 W					$996
					L5638	2.0GHz								$958
		4 (8)			X5677	3.46GHz			130 W	2× QPI 6.4 GT/s				$1663
					X5667	3.06GHz			95 W					$1440
					E5640	2.66GHz			80 W	2× QPI 5.86 GT/s	3× DDR3-1066			$774
					E5630	2.53GHz								$551
					E5620	2.4GHz								$387
					L5630	2.13GHz			40 W					$551
					L5618	1.86GHz								$530
		4 (4)			L5609	1.86GHz		No		2× QPI 4.8 GT/s				$440
					L5607	2.26GHz			80 W			8 MB	2011-02-13	$276
					L5606	2.13GHz								$219
					L5603	1.6GHz						4 MB		$188
	UP Server	6 (12)		Xeon	W3690	3.46GHz	N/A	Yes	130 W	1× QPI 6.4GT/s	3×DDR3-1333	12 MB	2011-02-13[12]	$999
					W3680	3.33GHz							2010-03-16[13]	$999
					W3670	3.20GHz				1× QPI 4.8 GT/s	3× DDR3-1066		2010-08-29	$885
	Extreme / Performance Desktop			Core i7 Extreme	990X	3.46GHz				1× QPI 6.4 GT/s			2011-02-13	$999
					980X	3.33GHz							2010-03-16
				Core i7	980					1× QPI 4.8 GT/s			2011-06-26	$583
					970	3.20GHz							2010-07-17	$583
Clarkdale[14]	UP Server	2 (4)	LGA 1156	Xeon	L3406	2.26GHz	N/A	Yes	30 W	DMI	2× DDR3-1066	4 MB	2010-03-16	$189
					L3403	2.0GHz							2010-10	$
	Mainstream / Value Desktop			Core i5	680	3.6GHz	733MHz		73 W		2× DDR3-1333		2010-04-18	$294
					670	3.46GHz							2010-01-07	$284
					661	3.33GHz	900MHz		87 W					$196
					660		733MHz		73 W
					655K	3.2GHz							2010-05-30	$216
					650								2010-01-07	$176
				Core i3	560	3.33GHz		No					2010-08-29	$138
					550	3.20GHz							2010-05-30
					540	3.06GHz							2010-01-07	$133
					530	2.93GHz								$113
		2 (2)		Pentium	G6960		533MHz				2× DDR3-1066	3 MB	2011-01-09	$89
					G6951	2.8GHz							Q3 2010	OEM
					G6950								2010-01-07	$87
				Celeron	G1101	2.26GHz						2 MB		OEM

Mobile Processors[edit]

Codename	Market	Cores/ Threads	Processor Branding & Model		CPUClock rate		GPUClock rate	Turbo	TDP	Memory	L3 cache	Interface	Release Date	Price
					Standard	Turbo (1C/2C active cores )
Arrandale	Mainstream / Value Mobile	2 (4)	Core i7	640M	2.8GHz	3.46/3.2GHz	766MHz	Yes	35 W	2× DDR3-1066	4 MB	* DMI *PCIe1 x16 * Socket: μPGA-988/ BGA-1288	2010-09-26	$346
				620M	2.66GHz	3.33/3.2GHz							2010-01-07	$332
				610E	2.53GHz	3.2/2.93GHz
				660LM	2.26GHz	3.06/2.8GHz	566MHz		25 W				2010-09-26	$346
				640LM	2.13GHz	2.93/2.66GHz							2010-01-07	$332
				620LM / 620LE	2.0GHz	2.8/2.53GHz								$300
				680UM	1.46GHz	2.53/2.16GHz	500MHz		18 W	2× DDR3-800			2010-09-26	$317
				660UM / 660UE	1.33GHz	2.4/2.0GHz							2010-05-25
				640UM	1.2GHz	2.26/1.86GHz							2010-01-07	$305
				620UM / 620UE	1.06GHz	2.13/1.76GHz								$278
			Core i5	580M	2.66GHz	3.33/2.93GHz	766MHz		35 W	2× DDR3-1066	3 MB		2010-09-26	$266
				560M		3.2/2.93GHz								$225
				540M	2.53GHz	3.06/2.8GHz							2010-01-07	$257
				520M / 520E	2.4GHz	2.93/2.66GHz								$225
				560UM	1.33GHz	2.13/1.86GHz	500MHz		18 W	2× DDR3-800			2010-09-26	$250
				540UM	1.2GHz	2.0/1.73GHz							2010-05-25
				520UM	1.06GHz	1.86/1.6GHz							2010-01-07	$241
				480M	2.66GHz	2.93/2.93GHz	766MHz		35 W	2× DDR3-1066			2011-01-09	OEM
				460M	2.53GHz	2.8/2.8GHz							2010-09-26
				450M	2.4GHz	2.66/2.66GHz							2010-06-26
				430M	2.26GHz	2.53/2.53GHz							2010-01-07
				470UM	1.33GHz	1.86/1.6GHz	500MHz		18 W	2× DDR3-800			2010-10-01
				430UM	1.2GHz	1.73/1.46GHz							2010-05-25
			Core i3	390	2.66GHz	n/a	667MHz	No	35 W	2× DDR3-1066			2011-01-09
				380M	2.53GHz								2010-09-26
				370M	2.4GHz								2010-06-20
				350M	2.26GHz								2010-01-07
				330M / 330E	2.13GHz
				380UM	1.33GHz		500MHz		18 W	2× DDR3-800			2010-10-01
				330UM	1.2GHz								2010-05-25
		2 (2)	Pentium	P6300	2.26GHz		667MHz		35 W	2× DDR3-1066			2011-01-09
				P6200	2.13GHz								2010-09-26
				P6100	2.0GHz
				P6000	1.86GHz								2010-06-20
				U5600	1.33GHz		500MHz		18 W	2× DDR3-800			2011-01-09
				U5400	1.2GHz								2010-05-25
			Celeron	P4600	2.0GHz		667MHz		35 W	2× DDR3-1066	2 MB		2010-09-26	$86
				P4500 / P4505	1.86GHz								2010-03-28	OEM
				U3600	1.2GHz		500MHz		18 W	2× DDR3-800			2011-01-09	$134
				U3400 / U3405	1.06GHz					2× DDR3-800 / 1066			2010-05-25	OEM

Roadmap[edit]

The main article for thiscategoryisIntel Tick-Tock.

The successor toNehalemandWestmereisSandy Bridge.

See also[edit]

List of Intel CPU microarchitectures

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Bridge_(microarchitecture)

Sandy Bridge

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected fromSandy Bridge (microarchitecture))

Sandy Bridge

Max.CPUclock rate	1.60GHz to 3.60GHz
Product code	80623 (desktop)
L1cache	64KBper core
L2 cache	256KB per core
L3 cache	1MB to 8MB shared 10MB to 15MB (Extreme) 3MB to 20MB (Xeon)
GPU	HD Graphics 2000 650MHzto 1250MHz
Predecessor	Nehalem (tock) Westmere (tick)
Successor	Ivy Bridge (tick) Haswell (tock)
Socket(s)	LGA 1155 LGA 2011 Socket G2 BGA-1023 BGA-1224 BGA-1284

Bottom view of a Sandy Bridge i7-2600k.

Sandy Bridgeis thecodenamefor amicroarchitecturedeveloped byIntelbeginning in 2005 forcentral processing unitsin computers to replace theNehalemmicroarchitecture. Intel demonstrated a Sandy Bridge processor in 2009, and released first products based on the architecture in January 2011 under theCorebrand.^[1][2]

Sandy Bridge implementations targeted a32 nanometermanufacturing process based onplanar double-gate transistors.^[3]Intel's subsequent product, codenamedIvy Bridge, uses a22 nanometerprocess. TheIvy Bridgedie shrink, known in theIntel Tick-Tockmodel as the "tick", is based onFinFET(non-planar, "3D")tri-gate transistors. Intel demonstrated theIvy Bridgeprocessors in 2011.^[4]

Contents

[hide]

1Technology
2Models and steppings
3Performance
4List of Sandy Bridge processors

4.1Desktop platform
4.2Server platform
4.3Mobile platform

5Cougar Point chipset flaw
6Limitations

6.1Overclocking
6.2Chipset

7vPro remote-control (Intel Insider)
8Software development kit
9Roadmap
10See also
11References
12External links

Technology[edit]

Developed primarily by theIsraelbranch ofIntel, the codename was originally "Gesher" (meaning "bridge" inHebrew). The name was changed to avoid being associated with the defunctGesher political party;^[5]the decision was led by Ron Friedman, vice president of Intel managing the group at the time.^[1]Intel demonstrated a Sandy Bridge processor with A1steppingat 2GHzduring theIntel Developer Forumin September 2009.^[6]

Upgraded features from Nehalem include:

32KB data + 32KB instructionL1 cache(3clocks) and 256KBL2 cache(8clocks) per core.
Shared L3cache includes the processor graphics (LGA 1155).
64-bytecacheline size.
Two load/store operations perCPU cyclefor each memory channel.
Decodedmicro-operation cache(uop cache) and enlarged, optimizedbranch predictor.
Improved performance fortranscendental mathematics,AES encryption(AES instruction set), andSHA-1hashing.
256-bit/cycle ring bus interconnect between cores, graphics, cache and System Agent Domain.
Advanced Vector Extensions(AVX) 256-bit instruction set with wider vectors, new extensible syntax and rich functionality.
Intel Quick Sync Video, hardware support for video encoding and decoding.
Up to 8 physical cores or 16 logical cores throughHyper-threading.
Integration of the GMCH (integrated graphics and memory controller) and processor into a single die inside the processor package. In contrast, Sandy Bridge's predecessor,Clarkdale, has two separate dies (one for GMCH, one for processor) within the processor package. This tighter integration reduces memory latency even more.
A 14- to 19-stageinstruction pipeline, depending on the micro-operation cache hit or miss.^[7]

Translation lookaside buffersizes^[8][9]

Cache		Page Size
Name	Level	4KB	2MB	1GB
DTLB	1st	64	32	4
ITLB	1st	128	8 / logical core	none
STLB	2nd	512	none	none

All translation lookaside buffers (TLBs) are 4-wayassociative.^[10]

Models and steppings[edit]

All Sandy Bridge processors with one, two, or four cores report the same CPUID model 0206A7h^[11]and are closely related. The stepping number can not be seen from the CPUID but only from the PCI configuration space. The later Sandy Bridge-E processors with up to eight cores and no graphics are using CPUIDs 0206D6h and 0206D7h.^[12]Ivy Bridge CPUs all have CPUID 0306A9h to date, and are built in four different configurations differing in the number of cores, L3 cache and GPU execution units.

Die Code Name	CPUID	Stepping	Die size	Transistors	Cores	GPU EUs	L3 Cache	Sockets
Sandy Bridge-HE-4	0206A7h	D2	216mm2	1.16 billion	4	12	8MB	LGA 1155,Socket G2,BGA-1224,BGA-1023
Sandy Bridge-H-2		J1	149mm2	624 million	2		4MB	LGA 1155,Socket G2,BGA-1023
Sandy Bridge-M-2		Q0	131mm2	504 million		6	3MB
Sandy Bridge-EP-8	0206D6h	C1	435mm2	2.27 billion	8	N/A	20MB	LGA 2011
	0206D7h	C2
Sandy Bridge-EP-4	0206D6h	M0	294mm2	1.27 billion	4	N/A	10MB	LGA 2011
	0206D7h	M1
Ivy Bridge-M-2	0306A9h	P0	94mm2[13]		2	6[14]	3MB[15]	LGA 1155, Socket G2, BGA-1224, BGA-1023
Ivy Bridge-H-2		L1	118mm2[13]		2	16	4MB
Ivy Bridge-HE-4		E1	160mm2[13]	1.4billion[16]	4	16	8MB
IvyBridge-HM-4		N0	133mm2[13]		4	6	6MB[15]

Performance[edit]

The average performance increase, according to IXBT Labs and Semi Accurate as well as many other benchmarking sites, at clock to clock is 11.3% compared to the Nehalem Generation, which includes Bloomfield, Clarkdale, andLynnfieldprocessors.^[17]
Around twice the integrated graphics performance compared toClarkdale's(12EUscomparison).

List of Sandy Bridge processors[edit]

¹Processors featuring Intel's HD 3000 graphics are set inbold. Other processors feature HD 2000 graphics or no graphics core (Graphics Clock rate indicated by N/A).

This list may not contain all the Sandy Bridge processors released by Intel. A more complete listing can be found on Intel's website.

Desktop platform[edit]

^[18][19][20]

Target segment	Processor Branding & Model		Cores (Threads)	CPUClock rate		GraphicsClock rate		L3 Cache	TDP	Release Date (Y-M-D)	Price (USD)	Motherboard
				Normal	Turbo	Normal	Turbo					Socket	Interface	Memory
Extreme / High-End	Core i7 Extreme	3970X	6 (12)	3.5GHz	4.0GHz	N/A		15MB	150W	2012-11-12	$999	LGA 2011	DMI 2.0 PCIe 2.0[21]	Up to quad channel DDR3-1600[22]
		3960X		3.3GHz	3.9GHz				130W	2011-11-14
	Core i7	3930K		3.2GHz	3.8GHz			12MB			$583
		3820	4 (8)	3.6GHz				10MB		2012-02-13[23]	$294
Performance		2700K		3.5GHz	3.9GHz	850MHz	1350MHz	8MB	95W	2011-10-24	$332	LGA 1155	DMI 2.0 PCIe 2.0	Up to dual channel DDR3-1333
		2600K		3.4GHz	3.8GHz					2011-01-09	$317
		2600									$294
		2600S		2.8GHz					65 W		$306
	Core i5	2550K	4 (4)	3.4GHz		N/A		6MB	95W	2012-01-30	$225
		2500K		3.3GHz	3.7GHz	850MHz	1100MHz			2011-01-09	$216
		2500									$205
		2500S		2.7GHz					65 W		$216
		2500T		2.3GHz	3.3GHz	650MHz	1250MHz		45 W
		2450P		3.2GHz	3.5GHz	N/A			95 W	2012-01-30	$195
		2400		3.1GHz	3.4GHz	850MHz	1100MHz			2011-01-09	$184
		2405S		2.5GHz	3.3GHz				65 W	2011-05-22	$205
		2400S								2011-01-09	$195
		2380P		3.1GHz	3.4GHz	N/A			95 W	2012-01-30	$177
		2320		3.0GHz	3.3GHz	850MHz	1100MHz			2011-09-04
		2310		2.9GHz	3.2GHz					2011-05-22
		2300		2.8GHz	3.1GHz					2011-01-09
Mainstream		2390T	2 (4)	2.7GHz	3.5GHz	650MHz		3MB	35W	2011-02-20	$195
	Core i3	2120T		2.6GHz	N/A					2011-09-04	$127
		2100T		2.5GHz						2011-02-20
		2115C		2.0GHz		N/A			25 W	2012-05	$241	BGA 1284
		2130		3.4GHz		850MHz	1100MHz		65 W	2011-09-04	$138	LGA 1155
		2125		3.3GHz							$134
		2120								2011-02-20	$138
		2105		3.1GHz						2011-05-22	$134
		2102								Q2 2011	$127
		2100								2011-02-20	$117
	Pentium	G870	2 (2)							2012-06-03	$86
		G860		3.0GHz						2011-09-04
		G860T		2.6GHz		650MHz			35 W	2012-06-03	$75
		G850		2.9GHz		850MHz			65 W	2011-05-24	$86
		G840		2.8GHz							$75
		G645		2.9GHz						09-03-2012	$64			Up to dual channel DDR3-1066
		G640		2.8GHz						06-03-2012
		G632		2.7GHz						Q3 2011
		G630								2011-09-04	$75
		G622		2.6GHz						Q2 2011
		G620								2011-05-24	$64
		G645T		2.5GHz		650MHz			35 W	09-03-2012
		G640T		2.4GHz						06-03-2012
		G630T		2.3GHz						2011-09-04	$70
		G620T		2.2GHz						2011-05-24
	Celeron	G555		2.7GHz		850MHz	1000MHz	2MB	65W	2012-09-02	$52
		G550		2.6GHz						2012-06-03
		G540		2.5GHz						2011-09-04
		G530		2.4GHz							$42
		G550T		2.2GHz		650MHz			35 W	2012-09-02
		G540T		2.1GHz						2012-06-03
		G530T		2.0GHz						2011-09-04	$47
		G470	1 (2)					1.5MB		2013-06-09	$37			Up to dual channel DDR3-1333
		G465		1.9GHz						2012-09-02				Up to dual channel DDR3-1066
		G460		1.8GHz						2011-12-11
		G440	1 (1)	1.6GHz				1MB		2011-09-04
Target segment	Processor Branding & Model		Cores (Threads)	CPUClock rate		GraphicsClock rate		L3 Cache	TDP	Release Date (Y-M-D)	Price (USD)	Motherboard
				Normal	Turbo	Normal	Turbo					Socket	Interface	Memory

Suffixes to denote:

K – Unlocked(adjustable CPU ratio up to 57 bins)
P – Versions clocked slightly higher than similar models, but with onboard-graphics deactivated.
S – Performance-optimized lifestyle(low power with 65W TDP)
T – Power-optimized lifestyle(ultra low power with 35-45W TDP)
X – Extreme performance(adjustable CPU ratio with no ratio limit)

NOTE:3960X,3930Kand3820are actually ofSandy Bridge-Eedition.

Server platform[edit]

Target Segment	Socket	Processor Branding & Model		Cores (Threads)	CPUClock rate		GraphicsClock rate		L3 Cache	Interface	Supported Memory	TDP	Release Date	Price (USD)
					Standard	Turbo	Normal	Turbo
4P Server	LGA 2011	Xeon E5	4650	8 (16)	2.7GHz	3.3GHz	N/A		20MB	2×QPI DMI 2.0 PCIe 3.0	4x DDR3-1600	130W	2012-05-14	$3616
			4650L		2.6GHz	3.1GHz						115W
			4640		2.4GHz	2.8GHz						95W		$2725
			4620		2.2GHz	2.6GHz			16MB		4x DDR3-1333			$1611
			4617	6 (6)	2.9GHz	3.4GHz			15MB		4x DDR3-1600	130W
			4610	6 (12)	2.4GHz	2.9GHz					4x DDR3-1333	95W		$1219
			4607		2.2GHz	N/A			12MB		4x DDR3-1066			$885
			4603	4 (8)	2.0GHz				10MB					$551
2P Server			2687W	8 (16)	3.1GHz	3.8GHz			20MB		4x DDR3-1600	150W	2012-03-06	$1885
			2690		2.9GHz	3.8GHz						135W		$2057
			2680		2.7GHz	3.5GHz						130W		$1723
			2670		2.6GHz	3.3GHz						115W		$1552
			2665		2.4GHz	3.1GHz								$1440
			2660		2.2GHz	3.0GHz						95W		$1329
			2658		2.1GHz	2.4GHz								$1186
			2650		2.0GHz	2.8GHz								$1107
			2650L		1.8GHz	2.3GHz						70W
			2648L		1.8GHz	2.1GHz								$1186
			2667	6 (12)	2.9GHz	3.5GHz			15MB			130W		$1552
			2640		2.5GHz	3.0GHz					4x DDR3-1333	95W		$884
			2630		2.3GHz	2.8GHz								$612
			2620		2.0GHz	2.5GHz								$406
			2630L		2.0GHz	2.5GHz						60W		$662
			2643	4 (8)	3.3GHz	3.5GHz			10MB		4x DDR3-1600	130W		$884
			2609	4 (4)	2.4GHz	N/A					4x DDR3-1066	80 W		$246
			2603		1.8GHz									$202
			2637	2 (4)	3.0GHz	3.5GHz			5 MB		4x DDR3-1600			$884
	LGA 1356		2470	8 (16)	2.3GHz	3.1GHz			20 MB	1× QPI DMI 2.0 PCIe 3.0	3x DDR3-1600	95 W	2012-05-14	$1440
			2450		2.1GHz	2.9GHz								$1106
			2450L		1.8GHz	2.3GHz						70 W
			2440	6 (12)	2.4GHz	2.9GHz			15 MB		3x DDR3-1333	95 W		$834
			2430		2.2GHz	2.7GHz								$551
			2420		1.9GHz	2.4GHz								$388
			2430L		2.0GHz	2.5GHz						60 W		$662
			2407	4 (4)	2.2GHz	N/A			10 MB		3x DDR3-1066	80 W		$250
			2403		1.8GHz									$192
1P Server	LGA 2011		1660	6 (12)	3.3GHz	3.9GHz			15 MB	2×QPI DMI 2.0 PCIe 3.0	Up to quad channel DDR3-1600	130 W	2012-03-06	$1080
			1650		3.2GHz	3.8GHz			12 MB					$583
			1620	4 (8)	3.6GHz	3.8GHz			10 MB					$294
			1607	4 (4)	3.0GHz	N/A					Up to quad channel DDR3-1066			$244
			1603		2.8GHz									$198
	LGA 1356		1428L	6 (12)	1.8GHz	N/A			15 MB	1× QPI DMI 2.0 PCIe 3.0	3x DDR3-1333	60 W	Q2 2012	$395
			1410	4 (8)	2.8GHz	3.2GHz			10 MB			80 W	2012-05-14
		Pentium	1407	2 (2)		N/A			5 MB		3x DDR3-1066
			1405		1.2GHz	1.8GHz						40 W	August 2012	$143
			1403		2.6GHz	N/A						80 W	2012-05-14
	LGA 1155	Xeon E3	1290	4 (8)	3.6GHz	4.0GHz			8 MB	DMI 2.0 PCIe 2.0	Up to dual channel DDR3-1333	95 W	2011-05-29	$885
			1280		3.5GHz	3.9GHz							2011-04-03	$612
			1275		3.4GHz	3.8GHz	850MHz	1350MHz						$339
			1270				N/A					80 W		$328
			1260L		2.4GHz	3.3GHz	650MHz	1250MHz				45 W		$294
			1245		3.3GHz	3.7GHz	850MHz	1350MHz				95 W		$262
			1240				N/A					80 W		$250
			1235		3.2GHz	3.6GHz	850MHz	1350MHz				95 W		$240
			1230				N/A					80 W		$215
			1225	4 (4)	3.1GHz	3.4GHz	850MHz	1350MHz	6 MB			95 W		$194
			1220				N/A		8 MB			80 W		$189
			1220L	2 (4)	2.2GHz				3 MB			20 W
	BGA 1284		1125C	4 (8)	2.0GHz	N/A			8 MB		Up to dual channel DDR3-1600	40 W	May 2012	$444
			1105C		1.0GHz				6 MB			25 W		$333
	LGA 1155	Pentium	350	2 (4)	1.2GHz				3 MB		Up to dual channel DDR3-1333	15 W	November 2011	$159
	BGA 1284	Celeron	725C	1 (2)	1.3GHz				1.5 MB			10 W	May 2012	$74

Mobile platform[edit]

Core i5-2515E and Core i7-2715QE processors have support for ECC memory and PCI express port bifurcation.
All mobile processors, exceptCeleronandPentium, use Intel's Graphics sub-system HD 3000 (12 EUs).

Target Segment	Processor Branding & Model		Cores / Threads	CPUClock rate		GraphicsClock rate		L3 Cache	TDP	Release Date	Price (USD)	Motherboard
				Normal	Turbo (1C/2C/4C)	Normal	Turbo					Interface	Socket
Extreme	Core i7 Extreme	2960XM	4 (8)	2.7GHz	3.7/3.6/3.4GHz	650MHz	1300MHz	8 MB	55 W	2011-09-04	$1096	*DMI 2.0 *Memory: Up to dual channel DDR3-1600MHz *PCIe 2.0	Socket G2/ BGA-1224 (in embedded products)[24]
		2920XM		2.5GHz	3.5/3.4/3.2GHz					2011-01-05
Performance	Core i7	2860QM		2.5GHz	3.6/3.5/3.3GHz				45 W	2011-09-04	$568
		2820QM		2.3GHz	3.4/3.3/3.1GHz					2011-01-05
		2760QM		2.4GHz	3.5/3.4/3.2GHz			6 MB		2011-09-04	$378
		2720QM		2.2GHz	3.3/3.2/3.0GHz					2011-01-05
		2715QE		2.1GHz	3.0/2.9/2.7GHz		1200MHz
		2710QE
		2675QM		2.2GHz	3.1/3.0/2.8GHz		1200MHz			2011-10-02		*DMI 2.0 *Memory: Up to dual channel DDR3-1333MHz *PCIe 2.0
		2670QM					1100MHz
		2635QM		2.0GHz	2.9/2.8/2.6GHz		1200MHz			2011-01-05
		2630QM					1100MHz
Mainstream		2640M	2 (4)	2.8GHz	3.5/3.3GHz		1300MHz	4 MB	35 W	2011-09-04	$346		Socket G2/ BGA-1023 (in embedded products)[24]
		2620M		2.7GHz	3.4/3.2GHz					2011-02-20
		2649M		2.3GHz	3.2/2.9GHz	500MHz	1100MHz		25 W
		2629M		2.1GHz	3.0/2.7GHz						$311
		2655LE		2.2GHz	2.9/2.7GHz	650MHz	1000MHz				$346
		2677M		1.8GHz	2.9/2.6GHz	350MHz	1200MHz		17 W	2011-06-20	$317
		2637M		1.7GHz	2.8/2.5GHz						$289
		2657M		1.6GHz	2.7/2.4GHz		1000MHz			2011-02-20	$317
		2617M		1.5GHz	2.6/2.3GHz		950MHz				$289
		2610UE			2.4/2.1GHz		850MHz				$317
	Core i5	2557M		1.7GHz	2.7/2.4GHz		1200MHz	3 MB		2011-06-20	$250
		2537M		1.4GHz	2.3/2.0GHz		900MHz			2011-02-20
		2467M		1.6GHz	2.3/2.0GHz		1150MHz			2011-06-19
		2540M		2.6GHz	3.3/3.1GHz	650MHz	1300MHz		35 W	2011-06-20	$266
		2520M		2.5GHz	3.2/3.0GHz						$225
		2515E			3.1/2.8GHz		1100MHz				$266
		2510E
		2450M					1300MHz			2012-01	$225
		2435M		2.4GHz	3.0/2.7GHz					2011-10-02	OEM
		2430M					1200MHz				$225
		2410M		2.3GHz	2.9/2.6GHz					2011-06-20
	Core i3	2370M		2.4GHz	N/A		1150MHz			2012-01
		2350M		2.3GHz						2011-10-02
		2348M								2013-01	OEM
		2330E		2.2GHz			1050MHz			2011-06-19	$225
		2330M					1100MHz
		2328M								2012-09
		2312M		2.1GHz						Q2 2011	OEM
		2310E					1050MHz			2011-02-20
		2310M					1100MHz
		2377M		1.5GHz		350MHz	1000MHz		17 W	Q3 2012	$225
		2375M								2012-03
		2367M		1.4GHz						2011-10-02	$250
		2365M								2012-09	$225
		2357M		1.3GHz			950MHz			2011-06-19	OEM
		2340UE					800MHz				$250
	Pentium	B915C		1.5GHz		N/A			15 W	2012-05	$138
		997	2 (2)	1.6GHz		350MHz	1000MHz	2 MB	17 W	2012-09-30	$134
		987		1.5GHz						Q3 2012
		977		1.4GHz						2012-01
		967		1.3GHz						2011-10-02	OEM
		957		1.2GHz			800MHz			2011-06-19	$134
		B980		2.4GHz		650MHz	1150MHz		35 W	2012-09	OEM
		B970		2.3GHz						2012-01	$125
		B960		2.2GHz			1100MHz			2011-10-02	$134
		B950		2.1GHz						2011-06-19
		B940		2.0GHz
	Celeron	B840		1.9GHz			1000MHz			2011-09-04	$86
		B830		1.8GHz			1050MHz			2012-09-30
		B820[25]		1.7GHz						2012-07-29
		B815[26]		1.6GHz						2012-01
		B810E					1000MHz			2011-06-19
		B810					950MHz			2011-03-13
		B800		1.5GHz			1000MHz			2011-06-19	$80
		887				350MHz			17 W	09-30-2012	$86
		877		1.4GHz						2012-07-29
		867		1.3GHz						January 2012	$134
		857		1.2GHz						2011-07-03
		847		1.1GHz			800MHz			2011-06-19
		847E
		807	1 (2)	1.5GHz			950MHz	1.5 MB		2012-07-29	$70
		725C		1.3GHz		N/A			10 W	2012-05	$74
		827E	1 (1)	1.4GHz		350MHz	800MHz		17 W	2011-07-03	$107
		797					950MHz			2012-01
787		1.3GHz		2011-07-03
B730		1.8GHz		650MHz		1000MHz	35 W		2012-07-29	$70
B720[27]		1.7GHz							2012-01
B710		1.6GHz							2011-06-19
807UE		1.0GHz		350MHz		800MHz	1 MB	10 W	2011-11	$117

Suffixes to denote:

M – Mobile processors

XM – Unlocked
QM – Quad-core

E – Embedded mobile processors

QE – Quad-core
LE – Performance-optimized
UE – Power-optimized

Cougar Point chipset flaw[edit]

On January 31, 2011, Intel issued a recall on all 67-series motherboards due to a flaw in theCougar PointChipset.^[28]A hardware problem, in which the chipset's SATA-II ports may fail over time, cause failure of connection to SATA-II devices, though data is not at risk.^[29]Intel claims that this problem will affect only 5% of users over 3 years, however, heavier I/O workloads can exacerbate the problem.

Intel stopped production of flawed B2 stepping chipsets and began producing B3 stepping chipsets with the silicon fix. Shipping of these new chipsets started on 14 February 2011 and Intel estimated full recovery volume in April 2011.^[30]Motherboard manufacturers (such asASUSandGigabyte Technology) and computer manufacturers (such asDellandHewlett-Packard) stopped selling products that involved the flawed chipset and offered support for affected customers. Options ranged from swapping for B3 motherboards to product refunds.^[31][32]

Sandy Bridge processor sales were temporarily on hold, as one cannot use the CPU without a motherboard. However, processor release dates were not affected.^[33]After two weeks, Intel continued shipping some chipsets, but manufacturers had to agree to a set of terms that will prevent customers from encountering the bug.^[34]

Limitations[edit]

Overclocking[edit]

With Sandy Bridge, Intel has tied the speed of every bus (USB, SATA, PCI, PCI-E, CPU cores, Uncore, memory etc.) to a single internal clock generator issuing the basic100 MHzBase Clock (BClk).^[35]With CPUs being multiplier locked, the only way to overclock is to increase the BClk, which can be raised by only 5–7% without other hardware components failing. As a work around, Intel made available K/X-series processors, which feature unlocked multipliers; with a multiplier cap of 57 for Sandy Bridge.^[36]For the Sandy Bridge E platform, there is alternative method known as the BClk ratio overclock.^[37]

During IDF (Intel Developer Forum) 2010, Intel demonstrated an unknown Sandy Bridge CPU running stably overclocked at 4.9GHz on air cooling.^[38][39]

Chipset[edit]

Non-K edition CPUs can overclock up to four bins from its turbo multiplier. Referherefor chipset support.

vPro remote-control (Intel Insider)[edit]

Sandy and Ivy Bridge processors withvProcapability have security features that can remotely disable a PC or erase information from hard drives. This can be useful in the case of a lost or stolen PC. The commands can be received through 3G signals, Ethernet, or Internet connections. AES encryption acceleration will be available, which can be useful for video conferencing and VoIP applications.^[40][41]

Software development kit[edit]

With the introduction of the Sandy Bridge microarchitecture, Intel also introduced theIntel Data Plane Development Kit(Intel DPDK) to help developers of communications applications take advantage of the platform inpacket processingapplications, andnetwork processors.^[42]

Roadmap[edit]

Intel demonstrated theHaswellarchitecture in September 2011, released in 2013 as the successor toSandy BridgeandIvy Bridge.^[43]

Intel CPU core roadmaps fromNetBurstandP6toCannonlake

See also[edit]

Accelerated Processing Unit
List of Intel CPU microarchitectures

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivy_Bridge_(microarchitecture)

Ivy Bridge (microarchitecture)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Ivy Bridge

CPUID code	0306A9h
Product code	80637 (desktop)
L1cache	64KBper core
L2 cache	256KB per core
L3 cache	2MBto 8MB shared
GPU	HD Graphics 2500 650MHz to 1150MHz HD Graphics 4000 350MHz to 1300MHz HD Graphics P4000 650MHz to 1250MHz
Predecessor	Sandy Bridge
Successor	Haswell
Socket(s)	LGA 1155 Socket G2 BGA-1023 BGA-1224

Ivy Bridgeis thecodenamefor a line of processors based on the 22nm manufacturing process developed byIntel. The name is also applied more broadly to the22nmdie shrinkof theSandy Bridgemicroarchitecture based onFinFET("3D")tri-gate transistors, which is also used in theXeonandCore i7Ivy Bridge-EX(Ivytown),Ivy Bridge-EPandIvy Bridge-Emicroprocessors released in 2013.

Ivy Bridge processors are backwards compatible with the SandyBridge platform, but such systems might require a firmware update (vendor specific).^[1]In 2011, Intel released the 7-seriesPanther Pointchipsetswith integratedUSB 3.0to complement IvyBridge.^[2]

Volume production of IvyBridge chips began in the third quarter of 2011.^[3]Quad-coreand dual-core-mobile models launched on April 29, 2012 and May 31, 2012 respectively.^[4]Corei3 desktop processors, as well as the first 22nmPentium, were announced and available the first week of September, 2012.^[5]

Contents

[hide]

1Overview
2Ivy Bridge features and performance

2.1Benchmark comparisons
2.2Thermal performance and heat issues
2.3Models and steppings

3Ivy Bridge-E features

3.1Models and Steppings

4List of Ivy Bridge and Ivy Bridge-E processors

4.1Desktop processors
4.2Server processors
4.3Mobile processors

5Roadmap
6See also
7References
8External links

Overview[edit]

The IvyBridge CPU microarchitecture is a shrink from SandyBridge and remains largely unchanged.

Notable improvements include:^[6][7]

22nmTri-gate transistor("3-D") technology (up to 50% less power consumption at the same performance level as 2-D planar transistors).^[8]
A new random number generator and theRdRandinstruction,^[9]codenamed Bull Mountain.^[10]

Ivy Bridge features and performance[edit]

The mobile and desktop IvyBridge chips also include significant changes over SandyBridge:

F16C(16-bit Floating-point conversion instructions).
RdRandinstruction (Intel Secure Key).
PCI Express 3.0support (not on Corei3 and ULV processors).^[11]
MaxCPU multiplierof 63 (57 for Sandy Bridge).^[12]
RAM support up to 2800MT/sin 200MHz increments.^[12]
The built-inGPUhas 6 or 16execution units(EUs), compared to SandyBridge's 6 or 12.^[13]
Intel HD GraphicswithDirectX 11,OpenGL 3.1, andOpenCL 1.1support.^[14]OpenGL 4.0 is supported with 9.18.10.3071 WHQL drivers^[15]and later drivers.
DDR3Land Configurable TDP (cTDP) for mobile processors.^[16]
Multiple4Kvideo playback.
Intel Quick Sync Videoversion 2.^[13]
Up to three displays are supported (with some limitations: with chipset of 7-series and using two of them with DisplayPort or eDP).^[17]
A 14- to 19-stageinstruction pipeline, depending on themicro-operation cachehit or miss.^[18]

Translation lookaside buffersizes^[19][20]

Cache		Page Size
Name	Level	4KB	2MB	1GB
DTLB	1st	64	32	4
ITLB	1st	128	8 / logical core	none
STLB	2nd	512	none	none

Benchmark comparisons[edit]

Compared to Sandy Bridge:

3% to 5% increase in CPU performance when compared clock for clock^[21][22]
25% to 68% increase in integrated GPU performance.^[23]

Thermal performance and heat issues[edit]

Ivy Bridge's temperatures are reportedly 10°C higher compared to Sandy Bridge when overclocked, even at default voltage setting.^[24]Impress PC Watch, a Japanese website, performed experiments that confirmed earlier speculations that this is because Intel used a poor quality (and perhaps lower cost)thermal interface material(thermal paste, or "TIM") between the chip and theheat spreader, instead of thefluxlesssolder of previous generations.^[25][26][27]The mobile Ivy Bridge processors are not affected by this issue because they do not use a heat spreader between the chip and cooling system.

Enthusiast reports describe the TIM used by Intel as low-quality,^[27]and not up to par for a "premium" CPU, with some speculation that this is by design to encourage sales of prior processors.^[25]Further analyses caution that the processor can be damaged or void its warranty if home users attempt to remedy the matter.^[25][28]The TIM has much lowerthermal conductivity, causing heat to trap on the die.^[24]Experiments replacing this with a higher quality TIM or other heat removal methods showed a substantial temperature drop, and improvements to the voltages and clocking sustainable by IvyBridge chips.^[25][29]

Intel claims that the smaller die of IvyBridge and the related increase in thermal density is expected to result in higher temperatures when the CPU is overclocked; Intel also stated that this is as expected and will likely not improve in future revisions.^[30]

Models and steppings[edit]

All Ivy Bridge processors with one, two, or four cores report the same CPUID model 0x000306A9, and are built in four different configurations differing in the number of cores, L3 cache and GPU execution units.

Die Code Name	CPUID	Stepping	Die Size	Die Dimensions	Transistors	Cores	GPU EUs	L3 Cache	Sockets
Ivy Bridge-M-2	0x000306A9	P0	94mm2[31]	7.656 x 12.223 mm		2	6[32]	3MB[33]	LGA 1155, Socket G2, BGA-1224, BGA-1023
Ivy Bridge-H-2		L1	118mm2[31]	8.141 x 14.505 mm		2	16	4MB
Ivy Bridge-HE-4		E1	160mm2[31]	8.141 x 19.361 mm	1.4billion[34]	4	16	8MB
IvyBridge-HM-4		N0	133mm2[31]	7.656 x 17.349 mm		4	6	6MB[33]

Ivy Bridge-E features[edit]

Ivy Bridge-E

CPUID code	0306Fxh
Product code	80633
L1cache	32KB per core
L2 cache	256KB per core
L3 cache	15MB shared
Predecessor	Sandy Bridge-E
Successor	Haswell-E
Socket(s)	LGA 2011

Ivy Bridge-EN

CPUID code	0306Fxh
Product code	80634
L1cache	32KB per core
L2 cache	256KB per core
L3 cache	10MB to 25MB shared
Predecessor	Sandy Bridge-EN
Successor	Haswell-EN
Socket(s)	LGA 1356

Ivy Bridge-EP

CPUID code	0306Fxh
Product code	80635
L1cache	32KB per core
L2 cache	256KB per core
L3 cache	10MB to 30MB shared
Predecessor	Sandy Bridge-EP
Successor	Haswell-EP
Socket(s)	LGA 2011

Ivy Bridge-EX

CPUID code	0306Fxh
Product code	80636
L1cache	32KB per core
L2 cache	256KB per core
L3 cache	12MB to 37.5MB shared
Predecessor	Westmere-EX
Successor	?
Socket(s)	LGA 2011

IvyBridge-E is the follow-up toSandy Bridge-E, using the same CPU core as the Ivy Bridge processor, but in anLGA 2011orLGA 1356package for workstations and servers.

New RAS features for Ivybridge-EX
Dual-Memory Controller for Ivybridge-EP
No integrated GPU
Up to 15 CPU cores
Up to 37.5MB L3 cache.^[35]
Thermal design power between 60W and 155W
Support for up to 8 DIMMS of DDR3-1866 memory per socket

Models and Steppings[edit]

The Ivy Bridge-E family is made in three different versions, by number of cores, and for three market segments: the basic Ivy Bridge-E is a single-socket processor sold as Corei7-49xx and is only available in the six-core S1 stepping, with some versions limited to four active cores.

Ivy Bridge-EN (Xeon E5-14xx v2 and Xeon E5-24xx v2) is the model for single- and dual-socket servers using LGA 1356 with up to 10 cores, while Ivy Bridge-EP (nd Xeon E5-16xx v2, Xeon E5-26xx v2 and Xeon E5-46xx v2) scales up to four LGA 2011 sockets and up to 12 cores per chip and Ivybridge-EX will have up to 15 cores and scale to 8 sockets.

Die Code Name	CPUID	Stepping	Die size	Transistors	Cores	L3 Cache	Socket
Ivy Bridge-E-6	0x0306Fx	S1	256.5mm2	1.86 billion	6	15MB	LGA 2011
Ivy Bridge-EN-6							LGA 1356
Ivy Bridge-EP-6							LGA 2011
Ivy Bridge-EN-10		M1	346.5mm2	2.86 billion	10	25MB	LGA 1356
Ivy Bridge-EP-10							LGA 2011
Ivy Bridge-EX-15		C1	541mm2	4.3 billion	15	37.5MB	LGA 2011

List of Ivy Bridge and Ivy Bridge-E processors[edit]

Processors featuring Intel's HD4000 graphics (or HDP4000 for Xeon) are set inbold. Other processors feature HD2500 graphics unless indicated by N/A.

Desktop processors[edit]

List of announced desktop processors as follows:

Target segment	Cores (Threads)	Processor Branding & Model		CPUClock rate		GraphicsClock rate		L3 Cache	TDP	Release Date	Release price (USD)	Motherboard
				Normal	Turbo	Normal	Turbo					Socket	Interface	Memory
Extreme / High-End	6 (12)	Core i7 Extreme	4960X	3.6GHz	4.0GHz	N/A		15MB	130W	2013-09-10	$999[36]	LGA 2011	DMI 2.0 PCIe 3.0*	Up to quad channel DDR3-1866
		Core i7	4930K	3.4GHz	3.9GHz			12MB			$583[36]
	4 (8)		4820K	3.7GHz				10MB			$323[36]
Performance			3770K	3.5GHz	3.9GHz	650MHz	1150MHz	8MB	77W	2012-04-23	$332	LGA 1155	DMI 2.0 PCIe 3.0?	Up to dual channel DDR3-1600[37]
			3770	3.4GHz							$294
			3770S	3.1GHz					65W
			3770T	2.5GHz	3.7GHz				45W
Mainstream	4 (4)	Core i5	3570K	3.4GHz	3.8GHz			6MB	77W		$225
			3570							2012-05-31[38]	$205
			3570S	3.1GHz					65W
			3570T	2.3GHz	3.3GHz				45W
			3550	3.3GHz	3.7GHz				77W	2012-04-23
			3550S	3.0GHz					65W
			3475S	2.9GHz	3.6GHz		1100MHz			2012-05-31[38]	$201
			3470	3.2GHz					77W		$184
			3470S	2.9GHz					65W
	2 (4)		3470T					3MB	35W
	4 (4)		3450	3.1GHz	3.5GHz			6MB	77W	2012-04-23
			3450S	2.8GHz					65W
			3350P	3.1GHz	3.3GHz	N/A			69W	2012-09-03	$177
			3340			650MHz	1050MHz		77W	2013-09-01	$182
			3340S	2.8GHz					65W
			3335S	2.7GHz	3.2GHz					2012-09-03	$194
			3330S								$177
			3330	3.0GHz					77W		$182
	2 (4)	Core i3	3250	3.5GHz	N/A			3MB	55W	2013-06-09	$138		DMI 2.0 PCIe 2.0
			3245	3.4GHz							$134
			3240							2012-09-03	$138
			3225	3.3GHz							$134
			3220								$117
			3210	3.2GHz						2013-01-20
			3250T	3.0GHz					35W	2013-06-09	$138
			3240T	2.9GHz						2012-09-03
			3220T	2.8GHz							$117
	2 (2)	Pentium	G2140	3.3GHz					55W	2013-06-09	$86
			G2130	3.2GHz						2013-01-20
			G2120	3.1GHz						2012-09-03
			G2120T	2.7GHz					35W	2013-06-09	$75
			G2100T	2.6GHz						2012-09-03
			G2030	3.0GHz					55W	2013-06-09	$64			Dual channel DDR3-1333
			G2020	2.9GHz						2013-01-20
			G2010	2.8GHz
			G2030T	2.6GHz					35W	2013-06-09
			G2020T	2.5GHz						2013-01-20
	2 (2)	Celeron	G1630	2.8GHz				2MB	55W	2013-09-01	$52
			G1620	2.7GHz						2013-01-20
			G1610	2.6GHz							$42
			G1620T	2.4GHz					35W	2013-09-01
			G1610T	2.3GHz						2013-01-20

^?Requires a compatible Motherboard

Suffixes to denote:

K - Unlocked(adjustable CPU multiplier up to 63 bins)
S - Performance-optimized lifestyle(low power with 65W TDP)
T - Power-optimized lifestyle(ultra low power with 35-45W TDP)
P - No on-die video chipset
X – Extreme performance(adjustable CPU ratio with no ratio limit)

Server processors[edit]

Additional high-end server processors based on the Ivy Bridge architecture, code named Ivytown, were announced September 10, 2013 at theIntel Developer Forum, after the usual one year interval between consumer and server product releases.^[39][40][41]The IvyBridge-EP processor line announced in September 2013 has up to 12 cores and 30MB third level cache, with rumors of Ivy Bridge-EX up to 15 cores and an increased third level cache of up to 37.5MB,^[42][43]although an early leaked lineup of Ivy Bridge-E included processors with a maximum of 6 cores.^[44]Both Core-i7 and Xeon versions are produced: the Xeon versions marketed asXeon E5-2600 V2act as drop-in replacements for the existing Sandy Bridge-EN and Sandy Bridge-EP based Xeon E5, and Core-i7 versions designated i7-4820K, i7-4930K, i7-4960X were released on September 10, 2013 remained compatible withX79andLGA2011hardware.^[43][45]

A new IvyBridge-EX line marketed asXeon E7 V2had no corresponding predecessor using the SandyBridge microarchitecture but instead followed the olderWestmere-EXprocessors.

Target Segment	Cores (Threads)	Processor Branding & Model		CPUClock rate		GraphicsClock rate		L3 Cache	TDP	Release Date	Price (USD)	Motherboard
				Normal	Turbo	Normal	Turbo					Socket	Interface	Memory
2P Server	12 (24)	XeonE5	2697v2	2.7GHz	3.5GHz	N/A		30MB	130W	2013-09-10	$2614	LGA 2011	2×QPI DMI 2.0 PCIe 3.0	Up to quad channel DDR3-1866
			2695v2	2.4GHz	3.2GHz				115W		$2336
			2692v2	2.2GHz	3.0GHz					2013-06	OEM (Tianhe-2)
			2651v2	1.8GHz	?				?	2013-09-10
	10 (20)		2690v2	3.0GHz	3.6GHz			25MB	130W		$2057
			2680v2	2.8GHz	3.6GHz				115W		$1723
			2670v2	2.5GHz	3.3GHz						$1552
			2660v2	2.2GHz	3.0GHz				95W		$1389
			2658v2	2.4GHz							$1440
			2650Lv2	1.7GHz	2.1GHz				70W		$1219			Up to quad channel DDR3-1600
			2648Lv2	1.9GHz	2.5GHz						$1218			Up to quad channel DDR3-1866
	8 (16)		2687Wv2	3.4GHz	4.0GHz				150W		$2108
			2667v2	3.3GHz					130W		$2057
			2650v2	2.6GHz	3.4GHz			20MB	95W		$1166
			2640v2	2.0GHz	2.5GHz						$885			Up to quad channel DDR3-1600
			2628Lv2	1.9GHz	2.4GHz				70W		$1000
	6 (12)		2643v2	3.5GHz	3.8GHz			25MB	130W		$1552			Up to quad channel DDR3-1866
			2630v2	2.6GHz	3.1GHz			15MB	80W		$612			Up to quad channel DDR3-1600
			2630Lv2	2.4GHz	2.8GHz				60W
			2620v2	2.1GHz	2.6GHz				80W		$406
			2618Lv2	2.0GHz	N/A				50W		$520			Up to quad channel DDR3-1333
	4 (8)		2637v2	3.5GHz	3.8GHz				130W		$996			Up to quad channel DDR3-1866
	4 (4)		2609v2	2.5GHz	N/A			10MB	80W		$294			Up to quad channel DDR3-1333
			2603v2	1.8GHz							$202
1P Server	8 (16)		1680v2	3.0GHz	3.9GHz			25MB	130W		$1723		0×QPI DMI 2.0 PCIe 3.0	Up to quad channel DDR3-1866
	6 (12)		1660v2	3.7GHz	4.0GHz			15MB			$1080
			1650v2	3.5GHz	3.9GHz			12MB			$583
	4 (8)		1620v2	3.7GHz				10MB			$294
	4 (4)		1607v2	3.0GHz	N/A						$244			Up to quad channel DDR3-1600
	4 (8)	XeonE3	1290v2	3.7GHz	4.1GHz			8MB	87W	2012-05-14	$885	LGA 1155	DMI 2.0 PCIe 3.0?	Up to dual channel DDR3-1600
			1280v2	3.6GHz	4.0GHz				69W		$623
			1275v2	3.5GHz	3.9GHz	650MHz	1.25GHz		77W		$350
			1270v2			N/A			69W		$339
			1265Lv2	2.5GHz	3.5GHz	650MHz	1.15GHz		45W		$305
			1245v2	3.4GHz	3.8GHz	650MHz	1.25GHz		77W		$273
			1240v2			N/A			69W		$261
			1230v2	3.3GHz	3.7GHz						$230
	4 (4)		1225v2	3.2GHz	3.6GHz	650MHz	1.25GHz		77W		$224
			1220v2	3.1GHz	3.5GHz	N/A			69W		$203
	2 (4)		1220Lv2	2.3GHz				3MB	17W		$189

^?Requires a compatible Motherboard

Mobile processors[edit]

Target segment	Cores (Threads)	Processor Branding & Model		Programmable TDP				CPU Turbo	GraphicsClock rate		L3 Cache	Release Date	Price (USD)
				SDP[46]	cTDP down	Nominal TDP	cTDP up	1-core	Normal	Turbo
Performance	4 (8)	Core i7	3940XM	N/A	45W /?GHz	55W / 3.0GHz	65W /?GHz	3.9GHz	650MHz	1350MHz	8MB	2012-09-30	$1096
			3920XM		45W /?GHz	55W / 2.9GHz	65W /?GHz	3.8GHz		1300MHz		2012-04-23
			3840QM		N/A	45W / 2.8GHz	N/A					2012-09-30	$568
			3820QM			45W / 2.7GHz		3.7GHz		1250MHz		2012-04-23
			3740QM							1300MHz	6MB	2012-09-30	$378
			3720QM			45W / 2.6GHz		3.6GHz		1250MHz		2012-04-23
			3635QM			45W / 2.4GHz		3.4GHz		1200MHz		2012-09-30	N/A
			3632QM			35W / 2.2GHz		3.2GHz		1150MHz			$378
			3630QM			45W / 2.4GHz		3.4GHz
			3615QM			45W / 2.3GHz		3.3GHz		1200MHz		2012-04-23
			3612QM			35W / 2.1GHz		3.1GHz		1100MHz
			3610QM			45W / 2.3GHz		3.3GHz
Mainstream	2 (4)		3689Y	7W /?GHz	10W /	13W / 1.5GHz		2.6GHz	350MHz	850MHz	4MB	2013-01-07	$362
			3687U	N/A	14W /?GHz	17W / 2.1GHz	25W / 3.1GHz	3.3GHz		1200MHz		2013-01-20	$346
			3667U		14W /?GHz	17W / 2.0GHz	25W / 3.0GHz	3.2GHz		1150MHz		2012-06-03
			3537U		14W /?GHz		25W / 2.9GHz	3.1GHz		1200MHz		2013-01-20
			3555LE		N/A	25W / 2.5GHz	N/A	3.2GHz	550MHz	1000MHz		2012-06-03	$360
			3540M			35W / 3.0GHz		3.7GHz	650MHz	1300MHz		2013-01-20	$346
			3525M			35W / 2.9GHz		3.6GHz		1350MHz		Q3 2012
			3520M							1250MHz		2012-06-03	$346
			3517U		14W /?GHz	17W / 1.9GHz	25W / 2.8GHz	3.0GHz	350MHz	1150MHz
			3517UE		14W /?GHz	17W / 1.7GHz	25W / 2.6GHz	2.8GHz		1000MHz			$330
		Core i5	3610ME		N/A	35W / 2.7GHz	N/A	3.3GHz	650MHz	950MHz	3MB		$276
			3439Y	7W /?GHz	10W /?GHz	13W / 1.5GHz		2.3GHz	350MHz	850MHz		2013-01-07	$250
			3437U'	N/A	14W /?GHz	17W / 1.9GHz	25W / 2.4GHz	2.9GHz	650MHz	1200MHz		2013-01-20	$225
			3427U		14W /?GHz	17W / 1.8GHz	25W / 2.3GHz	2.8GHz	350MHz	1150MHz		2012-06-03
			3380M		N/A	35W / 2.9GHz	N/A	3.6GHz	650MHz	1250MHz		2013-01-20	$266
			3365M			35W / 2.8GHz		3.5GHz		1350MHz		Q3 2012
			3360M							1200MHz		2012-06-03	$266
			3340M			35W / 2.7GHz		3.4GHz		1250MHz		2013-01-20	$225
			3339Y	7W /?GHz	10W /?GHz	13W / 1.5GHz		2.0GHz	350MHz	850MHz		2013-01-07	$250
			3337U	N/A	14W /?GHz	17W / 1.8GHz		2.7GHz	350MHz	1100MHz		2013-01-20	$225
			3320M		N/A	35W / 2.6GHz		3.3GHz	650MHz	1200MHz		2012-06-03
			3317U		14W /?GHz	17W / 1.7GHz		2.6GHz	350MHz	1050MHz
			3230M		N/A	35W / 2.6GHz		3.2GHz	650MHz	1100MHz		2013-01-20
			3210M			35W / 2.5GHz		3.1GHz				2012-06-03
		Core i3	3229Y	7W /?GHz	10W /?GHz	13W / 1.4GHz		N/A	350MHz	850MHz		2013-01-07	$250
			3227U	N/A	14W /?GHz	17W / 1.9GHz				1100MHz		2013-01-20	$225
			3217U		14W /?GHz	17W / 1.8GHz				1050MHz		2012-06-24
			3217UE		14W /?GHz	17W / 1.6GHz				900MHz		July 2013	$261
			3130M		N/A	35W / 2.6GHz			650MHz	1100MHz		2013-01-20	$225
			3120M			35W / 2.5GHz						2012-09-30
			3120ME			35W / 2.4GHz				900MHz		July 2013
			3110M							1000MHz		2012-06-24
	2 (2)	Pentium	2030M			35W / 2.5GHz				1100MHz	2MB	2013-01-20	$134
			2020M			35W / 2.4GHz						2012-09-30
			2127U			17W / 1.9GHz			350MHz			2013-06-09
			2117U			17W / 1.8GHz				1000MHz		2012-09-30
			2129Y	7W		10W / 1.1GHz				850MHz		2013-01-07	$150
		Celeron	1019Y	7W		10W / 1.0GHz				800MHz		2013-04	$153
			1020E	N/A		35W / 2.2GHz			650MHz	1000MHz		2013-01-20	$86
			1020M			35W / 2.1GHz
			1005M			35W / 1.9GHz						2013-06-09
			1000M			35W / 1.8GHz						2013-01-20
			1037U			17W / 1.8GHz			350MHz
			1017U			17W / 1.6GHz						2013-06-09
			1007U			17W / 1.5GHz						2013-01-20
			1047UE			17W / 1.4GHz				900MHz			$134
	1 (1)		927UE			17W / 1.5GHz							$107

M - Mobile processor
Q - Quad-core
U - Ultra-low power
X - 'Extreme'
Y - Extreme-ultra low power

Roadmap[edit]

Intel demonstrated theHaswellarchitecture in September 2011, which began release in 2013 as the successor toSandy Bridgeand Ivy Bridge.^[47]

Intel CPU core roadmaps fromNetBurstandP6toCannonlake

See also[edit]

List of Intel CPU microarchitectures

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haswell_(microarchitecture)

Haswell (microarchitecture)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Haswell

L1cache	64KBper core
L2 cache	256KB per core
L3 cache	2MBto 8MB shared
GPU	HD Graphics4200, 4400, 4600, 5000, Iris 5100 or Iris Pro 5200 200 MHz to 1.3 GHz
Predecessor	Sandy Bridge (tock) Ivy Bridge (tick)
Successor	Broadwell (tick) Skylake (tock)
Socket(s)	LGA 1150 rPGA 947 BGA-1364

Haswellis thecodenamefor aprocessormicroarchitecturedeveloped byIntelas the successor to theIvy Bridgearchitecture.^[1]It uses the22 nmprocess.^[2]Intel officially announced CPUs with this microarchitecture on June 4, 2013 atComputex Taipei2013.^[3]With Haswell, Intel introduced a low-power processor designed for convertible or 'hybrid'Ultrabooks, having the Y suffix. Intel demonstrated a working Haswell chip at the 2011Intel Developer Forum.^[4]

Haswell CPUs are used in conjunction with theIntel 8 Series chipsets.

Contents

[hide]

1Design

1.1Notes
1.2Performance

2Technology

2.1Features carried over from Ivy Bridge
2.2New features
2.3Expected Server features

3List of Haswell processors

3.1Desktop processors
3.2Server processors
3.3Mobile processors

4Roadmap
5See also
6References
7External links

Design[edit]

A Haswellwaferwith a pin for scale.

The Haswell architecture is specifically designed^[5]to optimize the power savings and performance benefits from the move toFinFET(non-planar, "3D") transistors on the improved 22nm process node.^[6]

Haswell has been launched in three major forms:^[7]

Desktop version (LGA1150 socket):Haswell-DT
Mobile/Laptop version (PGAsocket):Haswell-MB
BGAversion:

47W and 57W TDP classes:Haswell-H(For "All-in-one" systems, Mini-ITX form factor motherboards, and other small footprint formats.)
13.5W and 15W TDP classes (MCP):Haswell-ULT(For Intel's UltraBook platform.)
10W TDP class (SoC):Haswell-ULX(For tablets and certain UltraBook-class implementations.)

Notes[edit]

ULT =Ultra LowTDP; ULX =Ultra Low eXtremeTDP.
Only certain quad-core variants and BGA R-seriesSKUswill receive GT3 (Intel HD 5000, Intel Iris 5100), or GT3e (Intel Iris Pro 5200) integrated graphics. All other models will get GT2 (Intel HD 4X00) integrated graphics.^[8]See alsoIntel HD Graphicsfor more detailed specifications.
Due to low power requirements of tablet and UltraBook platforms, Haswell-ULT and Haswell-ULX will only be available in dual-core. All other versions will be available in dual- or quad-core variants.

Performance[edit]

Compared toIvy Bridge:

Approximately 8% bettervector processingperformance.^[9]
Up to 6% faster single-threaded performance.
6% faster multi-threaded performance.
Desktop variants of Haswell draw between 8% and 23% more power under load than Ivy Bridge.^[9][10][11]
A 6% increase in sequential CPUperformance(eight execution ports per core versus six).^[9]
Up to 20% performance increase over the integrated HD4000GPU(Haswell HD4600 vs Ivy Bridge's built-inIntel HD4000).^[9]
Total performance improvement on average is about 3%.^[9]
Around 15°C hotter than Ivy Bridge and unable to break 4.2GHz easily.^{[12][13][14][15][16][17]}

Technology[edit]

See also:Intel HD Graphics

Features carried over from Ivy Bridge[edit]

A22nmmanufacturing process.
3Dtri-gate transistors.
Micro-operation cachecapable of storing 1.5Kmicro-operations(approximately 6KB in size).^[18]
A 14- to 19-stageinstruction pipeline, depending on the micro-operation cache hit or miss (has been working that way since the introduction ofSandy BridgeCPUs).^[18]
Mainstream variants are up to quad-core.^[19]
Native support fordual-channelDDR3memory,^[20]with up to 32GB ofRAMon LGA 1150 variants.
64KB (32KB Instruction + 32KB Data) L1 cache and 256KB L2 cache per core.^[21]
A total of 16PCI Express3.0 lanes.

New features[edit]

Wider Core: fourth ALU, third AGU, secondbranch predictionunit, deeper buffers, higher cache bandwidth, improved front-end andmemory controller
Haswell New Instructions^[22](HNI, includesAdvanced Vector Extensions 2(AVX2),gather,BMI1+BMI2, LZCNT andFMA3support).^[23]
The instruction decode queue, which holds instructions after they have been decoded, is no longer statically partitioned between the two threads that each core can service.^[18]
New sockets –LGA 1150for desktops and rPGA947 & BGA1364 for the mobile market.^[24]
Z97 (performance) and H97 (mainstream)chipsetsfor the Haswell Refresh andBroadwell, in Q2 2014.^[25]
New socket –LGA 2011-3with X99 chipset for the Enthusiast-Class Desktop Platform Haswell-E.^[26]
IntelTransactional Synchronization Extensions(TSX), on selected models.^[27]
Graphics support in hardware forDirect3D 11.1andOpenGL4.0.^[28]
DDR4for the enterprise/server variant (Haswell-EX).^[29]
DDR4for the Enthusiast-Class Desktop Platform Haswell-E.^[30]
Variable Base clock (BClk)^[31]likeLGA 2011.^[32]
There are four versions of the integrated GPU: GT1, GT2, GT3 and GT3e, where GT3 version has 40 execution units (EUs). Haswell's predecessor, Ivy Bridge, has a maximum of 16 EUs. GT3e version with 40 EUs and on-package 128MB of embedded DRAM (eDRAM), calledCrystal Well, is available only in mobile H-SKUsand desktop (BGA-only) R-SKUs. Effectively, this eDRAM is a Level 4 cache — shared dynamically between the on-die GPU and CPU, and serving as avictim cacheto the CPU's L3 cache.^{[33][34][35][36][37]}
Support forThunderbolttechnology and Thunderbolt 2.0.^[38]
Fully integratedvoltage regulator(FIVR), thereby moving some of the components frommotherboardonto the CPU.^[39][40][41]FIVR is implemented as a separate 13x8 mm on-package die, manufactured in90 nmprocess.^[42]
New advanced power-saving system.
37, 47, 57Wthermal design power(TDP) mobile processors.^[19]
35, 45, 65, 84, 95 and 130–140W (high-end, Haswell-E) TDP desktop processors.^[19]
15W TDP processors for theUltrabookplatform (multi-chip package likeWestmere)^[43]leading to reduced heat which results in thinner as well as lighter Ultrabooks, but performance level will be lower than the 17W version.^[44]
Shrink of thePlatform Controller Hub(PCH), from65 nmto32 nm.^[45]

Translation lookaside buffersizes^[46][47]

Cache		Page Size
Name	Level	4KB	2MB	1GB
DTLB	1st	64	32	4
ITLB	1st	128	8 / logical core	none
STLB	2nd	1024		none

Expected Server features[edit]

Release not before end of 2014.
Haswell-EP having up to 14–15 cores, and Haswell-EX with up to 18–20 cores.
A newcachedesign.
Up to 35MB total unified cache (Last Level Cache (LLC)) for Haswell-EP^[48][49]and up to 40MB for Haswell-EX.
It is possible thatSocket R3will replaceLGA 2011for server Haswells.^[50][51]

List of Haswell processors[edit]

Desktop processors[edit]

All models support:MMX,SSE,SSE2,SSE3,SSSE3,SSE4.1,SSE4.2,F16C, BMI1 (Bit Manipulation Instructions1)+BMI2, Enhanced IntelSpeedStepTechnology (EIST),Intel 64, XD bit (anNX bitimplementation),Intel VT-x,andSmart Cache.

Core i3, i5, i7 supportAVXandAES-NI.^[52]
Core i5 and i7 supportAVX2,FMA3andTurbo Boost2.0.^[52]
Core i3 and i7 supportHyper-threading(HT).The dual-core Core i5 4570T also supportsHT.^[52]
Parts below 45xx as well as R and K parts do not supportTSX,Trusted Execution Technology,orvPro.^[52]
Intel VT-dis supported on i5 and i7 except K models.^[52]

Transistors: 1.4 billion
Diesize: 177mm²

Intel HD Graphicsin following variants:

R-series desktop processors feature Intel Iris Pro 5200 graphics (GT3e).^[53]
All other currently known i3, i5 and i7 desktop processors include Intel HD 4600 graphics (GT2).^[54]
The exceptions are processors 4130 and 4130T, which include HD 4400 graphics (GT2).
Pentium processors contain Intel HD Graphics (GT1).

Haswell-based desktop Celerons are planned for the first quarter of 2014.^[55]

List of announced desktop processors is as follows:

Target segment	Cores (Threads)	Processor Branding & Model		CPUClock rate		GraphicsClock rate		L3 Cache	GPU eDRAM	TDP	Release Date	Release price (USD)	Motherboard
				Normal	Turbo	Normal	Turbo						Socket	Interface	Memory
Performance	4 (8)	Corei7	4771	3.5GHz	3.9GHz	350MHz[56]	1.2GHz	8MB	N/A	84W	September1,2013	$320	LGA 1150	DMI 2.0 PCIe 3.0?	Up to dual channel DDR3-1600[57]
			4770K				1.25GHz				June2,2013[58]	$339
			4770	3.4GHz			1.2GHz					$303
			4770S	3.1GHz						65W
			4770R	3.2GHz		200MHz	1.3GHz	6MB	128MB			$	BGA
			4770T	2.5GHz	3.7GHz	350MHz[56]	1.2GHz	8MB	N/A	45W		$303	LGA 1150
			4765T	2.0GHz	3.0GHz					35W
Mainstream	4 (4)	Core i5	4670K	3.4GHz	3.8GHz			6MB		84W		$242
			4670									$213
			4670S	3.1GHz						65W
			4670R	3.0GHz	3.7GHz	200MHz	1.3GHz	4MB	128MB			$	BGA
			4670T	2.3GHz	3.3GHz	350MHz[56]	1.2GHz	6MB	N/A	45W		$213	LGA 1150
			4570	3.2GHz	3.6GHz		1.15GHz			84W		$192
			4570S	2.9GHz						65W
			4570R	2.7GHz	3.2GHz	200MHz		4MB	128MB			$	BGA
	2 (4)		4570T	2.9GHz	3.6GHz				N/A	35W		$192	LGA 1150
	4 (4)		4440	3.1GHz	3.3GHz	350MHz[56]	1.1GHz	6MB		84W	September1,2013	$187
			4440S	2.8GHz						65W
			4430	3.0GHz	3.2GHz					84W	June2,2013[58]	$182
			4430S	2.7GHz						65W
	2 (4)	Corei3	4340	3.6GHz	N/A		1.15GHz	4MB		54W	September1,2013	$157
			4330	3.5GHz								$147
			4330T	3.0GHz		200MHz				35W		$138
			4330TE	2.4GHz		350MHz	1GHz					$122
			4130	3.4GHz			1.15GHz	3MB		54W		$129
			4130T	2.9GHz		200MHz				35W		$131
	2 (2)	Pentium	G3430	3.3GHz		350MHz	1.1GHz			54W		$93
			G3420	3.2GHz			1.15GHz					$82
			G3420T	2.7GHz		200MHz	1.1GHz			35W		$
			G3320TE	2.3GHz		350MHz	1GHz					$70
			G3220	3.0GHz			1.1GHz			54W		$64			Up to dual channel DDR3-1333
			G3220T	2.6GHz		200MHz				35W		$64

^?Requires a compatible motherboard

Suffixes to denote:

K - Unlocked(adjustable CPU multiplier up to 63x)
S - Performance-optimized lifestyle(low power with 65W TDP)
T - Power-optimized lifestyle(ultra low power with 35–45 W TDP)
R - BGA packaging / High performance GPU(currently Iris Pro 5200 (GT3e))

Server processors[edit]

All models support:MMX,SSE,SSE2,SSE3,SSSE3,SSE4.1,SSE4.2,AVX(Advanced Vector Extensions),AVX2,FMA3,F16C, BMI (Bit Manipulation Instructions 1)+BMI2, Enhanced IntelSpeedStepTechnology (EIST),Intel 64, XD bit (anNX bitimplementation),TXT,Intel vPro,Intel VT-x,Intel VT-d,Hyper-threading(except E3-1220 v3 and E3-1225 v3),Turbo Boost2.0,AES-NI, Smart Cache,andTSX.

List of announced server processors as follows:

Target segment	Cores (Threads)	Processor Branding & Model		GPUModel	CPUClock rate		GraphicsClock rate		L3 Cache	TDP	Release Date	Release price (USD) tray / box	Motherboard
					Normal	Turbo	Normal	Turbo					Socket	Interface	Memory
Server	4(8)	XeonE3	1285v3	HD P4600 (GT2)	3.6GHz	4.0GHz	350MHz	1.3GHz	8MB	84W	June2,2013	$662 / —	LGA 1150	DMI 2.0 PCIe 3.0?	up to dual channel DDR3-1600 w/ ECC
			1285Lv3		3.1GHz	3.9GHz		1.25GHz		65W		$774 / —
			1280v3	N/A	3.6GHz	4.0GHz	N/A			82W		$612 / —
			1275v3	HD P4600 (GT2)	3.5GHz	3.9GHz	350MHz	1.25GHz		84W		$339 / $350
			1270v3	N/A			N/A			80W		$328 / —
			1268Lv3	HD P4600 (GT2)	2.3GHz	3.3GHz	350MHz	1GHz		45W		$310 / —
			1265Lv3	HD (GT1)	2.5GHz	3.7GHz		1.2GHz				$294 / —
			1245v3	HD P4600 (GT2)	3.4GHz	3.8GHz				84W		$276 / $287
			1240v3	N/A			N/A			80W		$262 / $273
			1230v3		3.3GHz	3.7GHz						$240 / $250
			1230Lv3		1.8GHz	2.8GHz				25W		$250 / —
	4(4)		1225v3	HD P4600 (GT2)	3.2GHz	3.6GHz	350MHz	1.2GHz		84W		$213 / $224
			1220v3	N/A	3.1GHz	3.5GHz	N/A			80W		$193 / —
	2(4)		1220Lv3		1.1GHz	1.3GHz			4MB	13W	September1,2013

^?Requires a compatible motherboard

Suffixes to denote:

L - Low power

Mobile processors[edit]

All models support:MMX,SSE,SSE2,SSE3,SSSE3,SSE4.1,SSE4.2,AVX,AVX2,FMA3, F16C, BMI1 (Bit Manipulation Instructions1), BMI2, Enhanced IntelSpeedStepTechnology (EIST),Intel VT-x,Intel 64, XD bit (anNX bitimplementation),Turbo Boost2.0,AES-NI,andSmart Cache.
Platform Controller Hub (PCH) integrated into the CPU package, slightly reducing the amount of space used on motherboards.^[59]

List of announced mobile processors as follows:

Target segment	Cores (Threads)	Processor Branding & Model		GPUModel	Programmable TDP[60]				CPU Turbo	GraphicsClock rate		L3 Cache	GPU eDRAM	Release Date	Price (USD)
					SDP[61]	cTDP down	Nominal TDP	cTDP up	1-core	Normal	Turbo
Performance	4 (8)	Corei7	4930MX	HD4600(GT2)	N/A	N/A	57W/3.0GHz	65W/3.7GHz	3.9GHz	400MHz	1350MHz	8MB	N/A	June2,2013[62]	$1096
			4960HQ	Iris Pro5200(GT3e)		N/A	47W/2.6GHz	55W/3.6GHz	3.8GHz	200MHz	1300MHz	6MB	128MB[34]	September1,2013[63]	$657
			4950HQ				47W/2.4GHz	55W/3.4GHz	3.6GHz					June2,2013[62]
			4900MQ	HD4600(GT2)			47W/2.8GHz	55W/3.6GHz	3.8GHz	400MHz		8MB	N/A		$570
			4860EQ	Iris Pro5200(GT3e)			47W/1.8GHz	N/A	3.2GHz	750MHz	1000MHz	6MB	128MB	August 2012	$508
			4850EQ				47W/1.6GHz			650MHz					$466
			4850HQ				47W/2.3GHz	55W/3.3GHz	3.5GHz	200MHz	1300MHz			June2,2013[62]	$468
			4800MQ	HD4600(GT2)			47W/2.7GHz	55W/3.5GHz	3.7GHz	400MHz			N/A		$380
			4750HQ	Iris Pro5200(GT3e)			47W/2.0GHz	55W/3.0GHz	3.2GHz	200MHz	1200MHz		128MB		$440
			4702MQ	HD4600(GT2)			37W/2.2GHz	45W/2.9GHz		400MHz	1150MHz		N/A		$383
			4702HQ
			4700MQ				47W/2.4GHz	55W/3.2GHz	3.4GHz
			4700HQ								1200MHz
			4700EQ								1000MHz				$378
Mainstream	2 (4)		4650U	HD5000(GT3)		11.5W/800MHz	15W/1.7GHz	N/A	3.3GHz	200MHz	1100MHz	4MB			$454
			4610Y	HD4200(GT2)	6W/800MHz	9.5W/800MHz	11.5W/1.7GHz		2.9GHz		850MHz			September1,2013	N/A
			4600M	HD4600(GT2)	N/A	N/A	37W/2.9GHz		3.6GHz	400MHz	1300MHz				$346
			4600U	HD4400(GT2)		11.5W/800MHz	15W/2.1GHz		3.3GHz	200MHz	1100MHz				$398
			4558U	Iris5100(GT3)		23W/800MHz	28W/2.8GHz				1200MHz			June2,2013[62]	$454
			4550U	HD5000(GT3)		11.5W/800MHz	15W/1.5GHz		3.0GHz		1100MHz
			4500U	HD4400(GT2)			15W/1.8GHz	25W/?							$398
		Corei5	4402E	HD4600(GT2)		N/A	25W/1.6GHz	N/A	2.7GHz	400MHz	900MHz	3MB		September1,2013	$266
			4400E			N/A	37W/2.7GHz		3.3GHz		1000MHz
			4350U	HD5000(GT3)		11.5W/800MHz	15W/1.4GHz		2.9GHz	200MHz	1100MHz			June2,2013[62]	$342
			4330M	HD4600(GT2)		N/A	37W/2.8GHz		3.5GHz	400MHz	1250MHz			September1,2013	$266
			4302Y	HD4200(GT2)	4.5W/800MHz	N/A	11.5W/1.6GHz		2.3GHz	200MHz	850MHz				N/A
			4300Y		6W/800MHz	9.5W/800MHz									$304
			4300M	HD4600(GT2)	N/A	N/A	37W/2.6GHz		3.3GHz	400MHz	1250MHz				$225
			4300U	HD4400(GT2)		11.5W/800MHz	15W/1.9GHz		2.9GHz	200MHz	1100MHz				$287
			4288U	Iris5100(GT3)		23W/800MHz	28W/2.6GHz		3.1GHz		1200MHz			June2,2013[62]	$342
			4258U				28W/2.4GHz		2.9GHz		1100MHz
			4250U	HD5000(GT3)		11.5W/800MHz	15W/1.3GHz		2.6GHz		1000MHz
			4210Y	HD4200(GT2)	6W/800MHz	9.5W/800MHz	11.5W/1.5GHz		1.9GHz		850MHz			September1,2013	$304
			4202Y		4.5W/800MHz	N/A	11.5W/1.6GHz		2.0GHz						N/A
			4200Y		6W/800MHz	9.5W/800MHz	11.5W/1.4GHz		1.9GHz					June2,2013[62]	$304
			4200U	HD4400(GT2)	N/A	11.5W/800MHz	15W/1.6GHz	25W/?	2.6GHz		1000MHz				$287
			4200H	HD4600(GT2)		N/A	47W/2.8GHz	N/A	3.4GHz	400MHz	1150MHz			September1,2013	$257
			4200M			N/A	37W/2.5GHz		3.1GHz						$240
		Corei3	4158U	Iris5100(GT3)		23W/800MHz	28W/2.0GHz		N/A	200MHz	1100MHz			June2,2013[62]	$342
			4102E	HD4600(GT2)		N/A	25W/1.6GHz			400MHz	900MHz			September1,2013	$225
			4100E			N/A	37W/2.4GHz
			4100M			N/A	37W/2.5GHz				1100MHz				N/A
			4100U	HD4400(GT2)		11.5W/800MHz	15W/1.8GHz			200MHz	1000MHz			June2,2013[62]	$287
			4020Y	HD4200(GT2)	6W/800MHz	9.5W/800MHz	11.5W/1.5GHz				850MHz			September1,2013	$304
			4012Y		4.5W/800MHz	N/A									N/A
			4010Y		6W/800MHz	9.5W/800MHz	11.5W/1.3GHz							June2,2013[62]	$304
			4010U	HD4400(GT2)	N/A	11.5W/800MHz	15W/1.7GHz				1000MHz				$287
			4005U								950MHz			September1,2013	$281
			4000M	HD4600(GT2)		N/A	37W/2.4GHz			400MHz	1100MHz				$240
	2 (2)	Pentium	3560Y	HDGraphics	6W/800MHz	N/A	11.5W/1.2GHz			200MHz	850MHz	2MB			N/A
			3556U		N/A		15W/1.7GHz				1000MHz
			3550M				37W/2.3GHz			400MHz	1100MHz
		Celeron	2980U				15W/1.6GHz			200MHz	1000MHz				$137
			2955U				15W/1.4GHz								$132
			2950M				37W/2.0GHz			400MHz	1100MHz				$86

Suffixes to denote:

M - Mobile processor
Q - Quad-core
U - Ultra-low power
X - 'Extreme'
Y - Extreme-low power
H - BGA1364 packaging

Roadmap[edit]

The main article for thiscategoryisIntel Tick-Tock.

TheSkylake microarchitecturewill be the successor to the Haswell andBroadwellarchitectures.

Intel CPU core roadmaps fromNetBurstandP6toCannonlake

See also[edit]

List of Intel CPU microarchitectures
Lynx Point(PCH most closely associated with Haswell processors)
LGA 1150: Original Haswell chipsets

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadwell_(microarchitecture)

Broadwell (microarchitecture)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Broadwell

Predecessor	Haswell
Successor	Skylake

BroadwellisIntel's codenamefor the second processor in itsHaswell microarchitecture. In keeping with Intel'stick-tockprinciple, Broadwell is the next step in semiconductor fabrication, with feature size reduced to14 nanometers.^[1][2]

Broadwell will adopt theMulti-Chip Package (MCP)design. The new layout might be also moving the integrated voltage regulator (IVR) off-die and back onto the motherboards, in an attempt to reduce CPU's heat production.^[3]

Broadwell will be used in conjunction with Intel 9 Series chipsets.^[4]

Contents

[hide]

1Expected variants
2Instruction set extensions
3Roadmap
4See also
5References

Expected variants[edit]

Broadwell is expected to launch in three major forms:^[5]

Broadwell-D: desktop version (LGA 1150socket)
BGAversion:

Broadwell-H: 35Wand 55WTDPclasses, for "all-in-one" systems,Mini-ITXform factor motherboards, and other small footprint formats
Broadwell-U: less than 15W TDP class (SoC), for Intel'sultrabookandNUCplatforms
Broadwell-Y: less than 10W TDP class (SoC), for tablets and certain ultrabook-class implementations

Broadwell-M: mobile/laptop version (PGAsocket).

Instruction set extensions[edit]

Broadwell will introduce someinstruction set architectureextensions:^[6][7]

ADOX/ADCX/MULX for improving performance ofarbitrary-precisionintegeroperations^[8]
RDSEED to generate 16-, 32- or 64-bitrandom numbersaccording to NIST SP 800-90B and 800-90C^[9]
PREFETCHW instruction^[9]

Roadmap[edit]

Main article:Intel Tick-Tock

On September 10, 2013, Intel showcased the Broadwell 14nm processor in a demonstration at IDF. Intel CEOBrian Krzanichclaimed that the chip would allow systems to provide a 30 percent improvement in power use over theHaswellchips released in mid-2013.^[10]

On October 21, 2013, a leaked Intel roadmap indicated a late 2014 or early 2015 release of the K-series Broadwell on the LGA 1150 platform, in parallel with the previously announced Haswell refresh. This will coincide with the release of Intel's 9-series chipset, which may be required for Broadwell processors due to a change in power specifications for its LGA 1150 socket.^[11][12]

No new mobile roadmaps have yet leaked to clarify if mobile Broadwell will be available in 2014. A leaked slide shows Broadwell-E/EP/EX in 2015.^[13]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylake_(microarchitecture)

Skylake (microarchitecture)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Skylake

Predecessor	Haswell (tock) Broadwell (tick)
Successor	Cannonlake (tick)

Skylakeis thecodenamefor aprocessormicroarchitectureto be developed byIntelas the successor to theHaswellarchitecture.^[1]Skylake will use a14 nmprocess.^[2]

There are no official details regarding this microarchitecture's development. The first Skylake processors are expected in 2015-2016.^[3]

Contents

[hide]

1Architecture
2Roadmap
3See also
4References

Architecture[edit]

14 nmprocess.
Mainstream support forDDR4 SDRAM.^[4][5]
Support for 20 lanesPCIe3 (LGA1151)
Support forPCIe 4.0(Skylake-E/EP/EX).^[6][7]
128 KB L1 Cache (64 KB 16 way set associative instruction cache + 64 KB 16 way set associative data cache) (2 cycles)
512 KB L2 cache, 16 way set associative. (6 cycles)
12 MB L3 cache, 24 way set associative (12 cycles)
Quad core default
Support forSATA Express^[6]
AVX-512F:Advanced Vector Extensions 3.2.
Intel SHA Extensions:SHA-1andSHA-256(Secure Hash Algorithms).
Intel MPX(Memory Protection Extensions).
Intel ADX(Multi-Precision Add-Carry Instruction Extensions).
LGA1151
Support for up to 64GBDDR4RAM(LGA 1151)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannonlake

Cannonlake

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Cannonlake

Predecessor	Skylake

In keeping with Intel'stick-tockprinciple, the10 nmshrink ofSkylakeis due out the year after the introduction of the microarchitecture and is rumored to be codenamed "Cannonlake" (sources from 2011 indicated Skymont was to be the codename); however no official announcement has been made. However, Cannonlake is referred to as being in development already, directly from Intel's job listing.^[1]Further nodes are not clear either although latest Intel development (Q3 2012) indicates 7nm node may reach production around 2017, with 5nm in 2019.^[2]

In 2009 Intel CEOPaul S. Otellinihas been quoted as saying thatsiliconis in its last decade as the base material of the CPU.^[3]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonnell_(microarchitecture)

Bonnell (microarchitecture)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Bonnell

Intel Atom logo
Produced	2008–present
Common manufacturer(s)	Intel
Max.CPUclock rate	600MHz to 2.13GHz
FSBspeeds	400MHz to 667MHz
Instruction set	Intel Atomx86
Cores	1, 2
Successor	Silvermont
Package(s)	441-ballμFCBGA
Core name(s)	Silverthorne Diamondville Pineview Tunnel Creek Lincroft Stellarton Sodaville Cedarview

List of Intel CPU microarchitectures
Microarchitecture	Pipeline stages
P5(Pentium)	5
P6(Pentium Pro)	14
P6 (Pentium 3)	10
NetBurst(Willamette)	20
NetBurst (Northwood)	20
NetBurst (Prescott)	31
NetBurst (Cedar Mill)	31
Core	14
Bonnell	16

Bonnellis aCPU microarchitectureused byIntel Atomprocessors which can execute up to two instructions per cycle.^[1][2]Like many other x86 microprocessors, it translates x86 instructions (CISCinstructions) into simpler internal operations (sometimes referred to asmicro-ops, effectivelyRISCstyle instructions) prior to execution. The majority of instructions produce one micro-op when translated, with around 4% of instructions used in typical programs producing multiple micro-ops. The number of instructions that produce more than one micro-op is significantly fewer than theP6andNetBurstmicroarchitectures. In the Bonnell microarchitecture, internal micro-ops can contain both a memory load and a memory store in connection with anALUoperation, thus being more similar to the x86 level and more powerful than the micro-ops used in previous designs.^[3]This enables relatively good performance with only two integer ALUs, and without anyinstruction reordering,speculative executionorregister renaming. The Bonnell microarchitecture therefore represents a partial revival of the principles used in earlier Intel designs such asP5and thei486, with the sole purpose of enhancing theperformance per wattratio. However,Hyper-Threadingis implemented in an easy (i.e. low-power) way to employ the wholepipelineefficiently by avoiding the typical single thread dependencies.^[3]

Contents

[hide]

1First generation cores

1.1Silverthorne microprocessor
1.2Diamondville microprocessor
1.3First generation power requirements

2Second generation cores

2.1Pineview microprocessor
2.2Tunnel Creek microprocessor
2.3Lincroft microprocessor
2.4Stellarton microprocessor
2.5Sodaville SoC
2.6Groveland SoC

3Third generation cores

3.1Cedarview microprocessor
3.2Penwell SoC
3.3Berryville SoC
3.4Cloverview SoC
3.5Centerton SoC
3.6Briarwood SoC

4Roadmap
5See also
6References

6.1Notes

7External links

First generation cores[edit]

Silverthorne microprocessor[edit]

On 2 March 2008, Intel announced a new single-core Atom Z5xx series processor (code-named Silverthorne), to be used inultra-mobile PCsandmobile Internet devices(MIDs), which will supersedeStealey(A100 and A110). The processor has 47 million transistors on a 25mm²die, allowing for extremely economical production (~2500 chips on a single 300mm diameter wafer).

An Atom Z500 processor's dual-thread performance is equivalent to its predecessor Stealey, but should outperform it on applications that can use simultaneousmultithreadingandSSE3.^[4]They run from 0.8 to 2.0GHz and have aTDPrating between 0.65 and 2.4W that can dip down to 0.01W when idle.^[5]They feature 32KB instruction L1 and 24KB data L1 caches, 512KB L2 cache and a 533MT/s front-side bus. The processors are manufactured in 45nm process.^[6][7]

Diamondville microprocessor[edit]

The Intel Atom N270

On 2 March 2008, Intel announced lower-power variants of the Diamondville CPU named Atom N2xx. It was intended for use in nettops and theClassmate PC.^[8][9][10]Like their predecessors, these are single-core CPUs with Hyper-Threading.

The N270 has a TDP rating of 2.5W, runs at 1.6GHz and has a 533MHz FSB.^[11]The N280 has a clock speed of 1.66GHz and a 667MHz FSB.^[12]

On 22 September 2008, Intel announced a new 64-bit dual-core processor (unofficially code-named Dual Diamondville) branded Atom 330, to be used in desktop computers. It runs at 1.6GHz and has a FSB speed of 533MHz and a TDP rating of 8W. Its dual core consists of two Diamondville dies on a single substrate.^[13]

During 2009,Nvidiaused the Atom 300 and their GeForce 9400M chipset on amini-ITXform factor motherboard for theirIonplatform.

First generation power requirements[edit]

The relatively low power Atom CPU was originally used with a cheaper, not so electricity-efficient chipset such as the Intel 945G

Although the Atom processor itself is relatively low-power for an x86 microprocessor, many chipsets commonly used with it dissipate significantly more power. For example, while the Atom N270 commonly used in netbooks through mid-2010 has a TDP rating of 2.5W, an Intel Atom platform that uses the 945GSE Express chipset has a specified maximum TDP of 11.8W, with the processor responsible for a relatively small portion of the total power dissipated. Individual figures are 2.5W for the N270 processor, 6W for the 945GSE chipset and 3.3W for the 82801GBM I/O controller.^{[14][11][15][16]}Intel also provides a US15WSystem Controller Hub-based chipset with a combined TDP of less than 5W together with the Atom Z5xx (Silverthorne) series processors, to be used in ultra-mobile PCs and MIDs,^[17]though some manufacturers have released ultra-thin systems running these processors (e.g. Sony VAIO X).

Initially, all Atom motherboards on the consumer market featured the Intel 945GC chipset, which uses 22 watts by itself. As of early 2009, only a few manufacturers are offering lower-power motherboards with a 945GSE or US15W chipset and an Atom N270, N280 or Z5xx series CPU.

Second generation cores[edit]

Pineview microprocessor[edit]

New Intel Atom N450 SLBMG 1.66GHz 512kB L2 BGA559

On 21 December 2009, Intel announced the N450, D510 and D410 CPUs with integrated graphics.^[18]The new manufacturing process resulted in a 20% reduction in power consumption and a 60% smaller die size.^[19][20]The IntelGMA 3150, a 45nm shrink of the GMA 3100 with no HD capabilities, is included as the on-die GPU. Netbooks using this new processor were released on 11 January 2010.^[19][21]The major new feature is longer battery life (10 or more hours for 6-cell systems).^[22][23]

This generation of the Atom was codenamed Pineview, which is used in the Pine Trail platform. Intel's Pine Trail-M platform utilizes an Atom processor (codenamed Pineview-M) andPlatform Controller Hub(codenamed Tiger Point). The graphics and memory controller have moved into the processor, which is paired with the Tiger Point PCH. This creates a more power-efficient 2-chip platform rather than the 3-chip one used with previous-generation Atom chipsets.^[24]

On 1 March 2010 Intel introduced the N470 processor,^[25]running at 1.83GHz with a 667MHz FSB and a TDP rating of 6.5W.^[26]

The new Atom N4xx chips became available on 11 January 2010.^[27]It is used innetbookandnettopsystems and includes an integrated single-channelDDR2memory controller and an integratedgraphics core. It also featuresHyper-Threadingand is manufactured on a 45nm process.^[28]The new design uses half the power of the older Menlow platform. This reduced overall power consumption and size makes the platform more desirable for use in smartphones and other mobile internet devices.

The D4xx and D5xx series support thex86-64bit instruction set and DDR2-800 memory. They are rated for embedded use. The series has an integrated graphics processor built directly into the CPU to help improve performance. The models are targeted at nettops and low-end desktops. They do not support SpeedStep.

The Atom D510 dual-core processor runs at 1.66GHz, with 1MB of L2 cache and a TDP rating of 13W.^[29]The single-core Atom D410 runs at 1.66GHz, with 512KB of L2 cache and a TDP rating of 10W.^[30]

Tunnel Creek microprocessor[edit]

Tunnel Creek is an embedded Atom processor used in the Queens Bay platform with theTopcliffPCH.

Lincroft microprocessor[edit]

The Lincroft (Z6xx) with theWhitney PointPCH is included in theOak Trailtablet platform. Oak Trail is an Intel Atom platform based onMoorestown. Both platforms include a Lincroft microprocessor, but use two distinct input/output Platform Controller Hubs (I/O-PCH), codenamedLangwelland Whitney Point respectively. Oak Trail was presented on 11 April 2011 and was to be released in May 2011.^{[dated info][31]}The Z670 processor, part of the Oak Trail platform, delivers improved video playback, faster Internet browsing and longer battery life, "without sacrificing performance" according to Intel. Oak Trail includes support for 1080p video decoding as well as HDMI. The platform also has improved power efficiency and allows applications to run on various operating systems, including Android, MeeGo and Windows.

Stellarton microprocessor[edit]

Stellarton is aTunnel CreekCPU with an Altera Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA).

Sodaville SoC[edit]

See also:Intel Consumer Electronics

Sodaville is a consumer electronics Atom SoC.

Groveland SoC[edit]

See also:Intel Consumer Electronics

Groveland is a consumer electronics Atom SoC.

Third generation cores[edit]

The 32nm shrink of Bonnell is called Saltwell.

Cedarview microprocessor[edit]

Intel released their third-generation Cedar Trail platform (consisting of a range of Cedarview processors^[32]and the NM10 southbridge chip) based on 32nm process technology in the fourth quarter of 2011.^[31]Intel stated that improvements in graphics capabilities, including support for 1080p video, additional display options including HDMI and DisplayPort, and enhancements in power consumption are to enable fanless designs with longer battery life.

The Cedar Trail platform includes two new CPUs, 32nm-based N2800 (1.86GHz) and N2600 (1.6GHz), which replace the previous generation Pineview N4xx and N5xx processors. The CPUs also feature an integrated GPU that supports DirectX 9.

In addition to the netbook platform, two new Cedarview CPUs for nettops, D2700 and D3200, were released on 25 September 2011.^[33]

In early March 2012 the N2800-based Intel DN2800MT motherboard^[34]started to become available. Due to the use of a netbook processor, this Mini-ITX motherboard can reach idle power consumption as low as 7.1W.^[35]

Penwell SoC[edit]

Penwell is an Atom SoC that is part of theMedfieldMID/Smartphone platform.

Berryville SoC[edit]

See also:Intel Consumer Electronics

Berryville is a consumer electronics Atom SoC.

Cloverview SoC[edit]

Cloverview is an Atom SoC that is part of theClover Trailtablet platform.

Centerton SoC[edit]

In December 2012 Intel launched the 64-bit Centerton family of Atom CPUs, designed specifically for use in Bordenville platformservers.^[36]Based on the 32nm Saltwell architecture, Centerton adds features previously unavailable in most Atom processors, such asIntel VTvirtualizationtechnology, and support forECC memory.^[37]

Briarwood SoC[edit]

Briarwood is an Atom SoC that is designed for a server platform.

Roadmap[edit]

The main article for thiscategoryisIntel Tick-Tock.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvermont

Silvermont

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Silvermont

Predecessor	Bonnell Saltwell
Successor	Goldmont

Silvermontis a new low powerSoCprocessormicroarchitecturefromIntel. Silvermont will form the basis for two consumer SoC families; Merrifield intended forsmartphonesand Bay Trail aimed attablets,hybrid devices,netbooks,nettops, andembedded/automotive systems. As well as Avoton SoCs for micro-servers and storage devices; and Rangeley SoCs targeting network and communication infrastructure.^[1]

Silvermont was announced to themediaon May 6, 2013 at Intel's headquarters atSanta Clara,California.^[2][3]Intel has repeatedly said the first Bay Trail devices will be available during the Holiday 2013 timeframe, while leaked slides show the most recent release window for Bay Trail-T as August 28-September 13, 2013.^[4]Both Avoton and Rangeley were announced as being available in the second half of 2013. The first Merrifield devices are expected in 1H14.^[5]

Contents

[hide]

1Design
2Technology
3List of Silvermont processors

3.1Desktop processors(Bay Trail-D)
3.2Server Processors(Avoton)
3.3Communications Processors(Rangeley)
3.4Embedded/automotive processors(Bay Trail-I)
3.5Mobile processors(Bay Trail-M)
3.6Tablet processors(Bay Trail-T)
3.7Smartphone processors(Merrifield)

4Roadmap
5See also
6References

Design[edit]

Silvermont will be the first Atom processor to feature anout-of-orderarchitecture.^[6]

Technology[edit]

See also:Intel HD Graphics

A22nmmanufacturing process.
SOC (System on Chip) architecture
3Dtri-gate transistors.
Consumer chips up to quad-core, business-class chips up to 8 cores
Gen 7Intel HD GraphicswithDirectX 11,OpenGL 3.1, andOpenCL 1.1support.^[7]OpenGL 4.0 is supported with 9.18.10.3071 WHQL drivers^[8]and later drivers.
10Wthermal design power(TDP) desktop processors.
4.5 and 7.5W TDP mobile processors.
20W (TDP) Server and Communications processors

List of Silvermont processors[edit]

Desktop processors(Bay Trail-D)[edit]

List of upcoming desktop processors as follows:

Target segment	Cores (Threads)	Processor Branding & Model		GPUModel	TDP	CPU Turbo	GraphicsClock rate		L3 Cache	Release Date	Price (USD)
						1-core	Normal	Turbo
Value	4 (4)	Pentium	J2850	Intel HD Graphics (4EU)	10W/2.4GHz	N/A	688MHz	792MHz	2MB	3Q13	OEM
		Celeron	J1850		10W/2.0GHz						$82
	2 (2)		J1750		10W/2.4GHz			750MHz	1MB		OEM
	4 (4)		J1900[9]		10W/2.0GHz		?	?	2MB		OEM

Server Processors(Avoton)[edit]

List of upcoming server processors as follows:^[10]

Target segment	Cores (Threads)	Processor Branding & Model		GPUModel	TDP	CPU Turbo	GraphicsClock rate		L3 Cache	Release Date	Price (USD)
						1-core	Normal	Turbo
Server	8 (8)	Atom	C2750	N/A	20W/2.4GHz	2.6GHz	N/A	N/A	4MB	3Q13	$171
			C2730		12W/1.7GHz	2.0GHz					$150
	4 (4)		C2550		14W/2.4GHz	2.6GHz			2MB		OEM
			C2530		9W/1.7GHz	2.0GHz
	2 (2)		C2350		6W/1.7GHz	2.0GHz			1MB

Communications Processors(Rangeley)[edit]

List of upcoming communications processors as follows:^[11]

Target segment	Cores (Threads)	Processor Branding & Model		GPUModel	TDP	CPU Turbo	GraphicsClock rate		Intel QuickAssist	L3 Cache	Release Date	Price (USD)
						1-core	Normal	Turbo
Communications	8 (8)	Atom	C2758	N/A	20W/2.4GHz	N/A	N/A	N/A	Yes	4MB	3Q13	$171
			C2738		20W/2.4GHz				No			$171
			C2718		18W/2.0GHz				Yes			$150
	4 (4)		C2558		15W/2.4GHz				Yes	2MB		$86
			C2538		15W/2.4GHz				No			$86
			C2518		15W/1.7GHz				Yes			$75
	2 (2)		C2358		7W/1.7GHz	2.0GHz			Yes	1MB		$49
			C2358		7W/1.7GHz	2.0GHz			No	1MB		$49

Embedded/automotive processors(Bay Trail-I)[edit]

List of embedded processors as follows:^[12]

Target segment	Cores (Threads)	Processor Branding & Model		GPUModel	TDP	CPU Turbo	GraphicsClock rate		L3 Cache	Release Date	Price (USD)
						1-core	Normal	Turbo
Embedded	4 (4)	Atom	E3845	Intel HD Graphics (4EU)	10W/1.91GHz	N/A	542MHz	792MHz	2MB	4Q13	$52
	2 (2)		E3827		8W/1.75GHz				1MB		$41
			E3826		7W/1.46GHz		533MHz	677MHz			$37
			E3825		6W/1.33GHz			N/A			$34
	1 (1)		E3815		5W/1.46GHz		400MHz		512KB		$31

Mobile processors(Bay Trail-M)[edit]

List of upcoming mobile processors as follows:

Target segment	Cores (Threads)	Processor Branding & Model		GPUModel	TDP	CPU Turbo	GraphicsClock rate		L3 Cache	Release Date	Price (USD)
						1-core	Normal	Turbo
Value	4 (4)	Pentium	N3510	Intel HD Graphics (4EU)	7.5W/2.0GHz	N/A	750MHz	N/A	2MB	3Q13	OEM
		Celeron	N2920[13]		7.5W/1.6GHz		?				OEM
			N2910		7.5W/1.6GHz		756MHz				$132
	2 (2)		N2810		7.5W/2.0GHz				1MB		OEM
			N2805		4.5W/1.46GHz		667MHz

Tablet processors(Bay Trail-T)[edit]

List of upcoming tablet and hybrid processors as follows:

Target segment	Cores (Threads)	Processor Branding & Model		GPUModel	SDP[14]	TDP	Max CPU Turbo	GraphicsClock rate		L2 Cache	Memory Standard	Max Memory Bandwidth	Max Memory Supported	Max Display Resolution	Release Date	Price (USD)
								Normal	Turbo
Value	4 (4)	Atom	Z3770	Intel HD Graphics (4EU)	2W/1.46GHz	?	2.39GHz	311 MHz	667 MHz	2MB	LPDDR3 1067 Dual Channel	17.1 GB/s	4GB	2560×1600	September 11, 2013	$37.00
			Z3770D		2.2W/1.5GHz		2.41GHz	313 MHz	688 MHz		DDR3L-RS 1333 Single Channel	10.6 GB/s	2GB	1920×1280
			Z3740		2W/1.33GHz		1.86GHz	311 MHz	667 MHz		LPDDR3 1067 Dual Channel	17.1 GB/s	4GB	2560×1600		$32.00
			Z3740D		2.2W/1.33GHz			313 MHz	688 MHz		DDR3L-RS 1333 Single Channel	10.6 GB/s	2 GB	1920×1280
	2 (2)		Z3680		?/ 1.33GHz		2.0GHz	311 MHz	667 MHz	1MB	LPDDR3 1067 Single Channel	8.5 GB/s	1 GB	1280×800		?
			Z3680D		?/1.33GHz			311 MHz	688 MHz		DDR3L-RS 1333 Single Channel	10.6 GB/s	2 GB	1920×1280

Smartphone processors(Merrifield)[edit]

Roadmap[edit]

The main article for thiscategoryisIntel Tick-Tock.

Airmont is the14nmshrinkof Silvermont.^[6]

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