0 語篇標記練習題

主題地址

1. Where are we?	點擊跳轉
2. What are we doing?	點擊跳轉
3. 綜合練習	點擊跳轉
4. 讓步與反駁	點擊跳轉
5.附加補充更多的信息	點擊跳轉
6. How do I feel about this？ and what about you？	點擊跳轉
7. Dismissing what was said	點擊跳轉
8. 表達不一樣的想法	點擊跳轉

用于幫助文章或者是交際中組織結構的表達集合

【一】What are we talking about ?

• 功能：用于介紹說話人或者作者將要關注的內容：也可能會對之前的內容有所承接。（承上啟下）
• 常見表達：
  • talking about … / speaking of … / regarding … / as regards … / as far as … is concerned / as for …
• 例句：
  • I saw Max and Sue today. You know she …
  • Talking about Max, you know he’s leaving?
  • Regarding that car you were thinking of selling - how much do you want for it?
  • As far as your transfer request is concerned, we’ll be discussing it at the next morning.
  • I’ve invited Andy and Bob. As for Jack, I never want to see him again.

【二】Where are we?

• 功能：用于細分結構或改變主題
• 常見表達：
• 1.細分結構： firstly / first of all / 【to begin with / to start with】（這兩個不正式） / in the first place / initially / first and formos / secondly / thirdly / moreover / besides / in addition / plus / finally / at last / lastly / futhermore / on the one hand / on the other (hand) / for one thing / for another (thing) /
• 2.改變主體：【turning now to …】（非常正式） / now …
• 3.短暫變換主體： by the way / incidentally.
• 4.回歸先前主體： to return to the previous point / as I was saying
• 5.總結： to sum up / in conclusion / briefly / in short / to conclude

【三】What are we doing?

• 功能：用于表達正在使用 / 進行什么類型的對話，介紹信息、解釋、論證、說服
• 表達： Generalising / Exceptions:
  • Generalising： on the whole / to a great extent / to some extent / in general / (in all / most / many / some cases) / broadly speaking
  • Exceptions： except for … / apart from …
• 表達邏輯關系： consequently / therefore / as a result / so / then …
• 表達相似性： similarly / in the same way / just as

showing a contrast 展現反面

• however / nevertheless / nonethless / yet
  • The Greeks and Romans had no symbol for zero. Nevertheless / Nonetheless, they made remarkable progress in maths.
• despite this / that = in spite of this / that
• mind you
  • The weather here is pretty depressing. Mind you, it’s beautiful in spring.

Balancing contrast points 平衡對比

• on the one hand, on the other hand
• while = whereas 然而
  • I like mountains, while / whereas my brother prefers the seaside.

persuading 嘗試說服

• after all / look / look here
  • Why shouldn’t she buy a horse if she wants to? After all, she’s rich.

contradicting 強調完全相反

• On the contrary / quite the opposite
  • Some people think Wales is in England. On the contrary, they are different countries.

concession 讓步關系

• It is true that … 確實 …
  • … cannot agree with colonialism. It is true that the British way may have dome some good in India. Even so, colonialism is basically evil.
• 注：讓步是不否認前者的轉折
• 轉折： however（對比 while / whereas）
• granted / certainly / of course
• if 表示讓步時
  • His poetry, if difficult to understand, nonetheless has a good deal of charm.

counter-argument 反駁

• 反駁： nevertheless / nonthless / however
• even so / but / still / all the same（任然）
  • He was incapable of lasting relationships with women. Certainly, several women loved him, and he was married twice. All the same, the women closest to him were always deeply unhappy.

adding 附加

• futhermore / futher / moreover / in addition / what’s more / also / as well as that / another thing is / besides / I mean / on top of that 此外，另外

making things clear 給出更多細節

• that is to say / in other words / actually / I mean

How do I feel about this？ and what about you？

• 功能：用于表達作者或者說話的人的觀點和態度
• 常見表達：
• ① Showing speaker’s / writer’s attitude 表達作者 / 說話的人的態度： no doubt / honestly / frankly
• ② Softening and Correcting： in my view / in my opinion / apparently / so to speak / that is to say / more or less / I think / I feel / I suppose / I reckon / I guess / really / sort of = kind of
  • well / at least / I’m afraid / or rather / actually / I mean
• ③ Gaining time： let me see / let’s see / let me think / well / you know / I don’t know / I mean / kind of / sort of

Dismissing what was said

• 功能：在于表達之前所說的內容不重要，接下來說的才是重點
• 表達： anyway / in any case / at any rate
  • I’m not sure what I’ll arrive, maybe seven or eight. In any case / Anyhow / At any rate, I’ll certainly be there before 8:30.

表達不一樣的想法

• 功能：用于介紹會和聽話者 / 讀者的觀點相矛盾的時候
• 表達：in fact / as a matter of fact / to tell the truth / actually / well

總結

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