python–Folium

官方說明：folium.link.

• map用于生成地圖，主要用到黃色的參數
  Map(location=None, width=‘100%’, height=‘100%’, left=‘0%’, top=‘0%’, position=‘relative’, tiles=‘OpenStreetMap’, attr=None, min_zoom=0, max_zoom=18, zoom_start=10, min_lat=- 90, max_lat=90, min_lon=- 180, max_lon=180, max_bounds=False, crs=‘EPSG3857’, control_scale=False, prefer_canvas=False, no_touch=False, disable_3d=False, png_enabled=False, zoom_control=True, **kwargs)

Parameters 參數說明

• location (tuple or list, default None) – Latitude and Longitude of Map (Northing, Easting).

• width (pixel int or percentage string (default: ‘100%’)) – Width of the map.

• height (pixel int or percentage string (default: ‘100%’)) – Height of the map.

• tiles (str, default ‘OpenStreetMap’) – Map tileset to use. Can choose from a list of built-in tiles, pass a custom URL or pass None to create a map without tiles. For more advanced tile layer options, use the TileLayer class.

• min_zoom (int, default 0) – Minimum allowed zoom level for the tile layer that is created.

• max_zoom (int, default 18) – Maximum allowed zoom level for the tile layer that is created.

• zoom_start (int, default 10) – Initial zoom level for the map.

• attr (string, default None) – Map tile attribution; only required if passing custom tile URL.

• crs (str, default ‘EPSG3857’) – Defines coordinate reference systems for projecting geographical points into pixel (screen) coordinates and back.定義坐標參考系統

• control_scale (bool, default False) – Whether to add a control scale on the map.

• prefer_canvas (bool, default False) – Forces Leaflet to use the Canvas back-end (if available) for vector layers instead of SVG.

• no_touch (bool, default False) – Forces Leaflet to not use touch events even if it detects them.

• disable_3d (bool, default False) – Forces Leaflet to not use hardware-accelerated CSS 3D transforms for positioning (which may cause glitches in some rare environments) even if they’re supported.

• zoom_control (bool, default True) – Display zoom controls on the map.

basic example

m = folium.Map(location=[45.523, -122.675], width=750, height=500)m = folium.Map(location=[45.523, -122.675], tiles='cartodb positron')m = folium.Map(location=[45.523, -122.675],zoom_start=2,tiles='https://api.mapbox.com/v4/mapbox.streets/{z}/{x}/{y}.png?access_token=mytoken',attr='Mapbox attribution' ...)

Markers

m = folium.Map(location=[45.372, -121.6972], zoom_start=12, tiles="Stamen Terrain")tooltip = "Click me!"folium.Marker([45.3288, -121.6625], popup="<i>Mt. Hood Meadows</i>", tooltip=tooltip ).add_to(m)

tooltip：點擊標記后彈出的信息
popup：鼠標放標記上顯示的信息

標記樣式修改

m = folium.Map(location=[45.372, -121.6972], zoom_start=12, tiles="Stamen Terrain")folium.Marker(location=[45.3288, -121.6625],popup="Mt. Hood Meadows",icon=folium.Icon(icon="cloud"), ).add_to(m)folium.Marker(location=[45.3311, -121.7113],popup="Timberline Lodge",icon=folium.Icon(color="green"), ).add_to(m)folium.Marker(location=[45.3300, -121.6823],popup="Some Other Location",icon=folium.Icon(color="red", icon="info-sign"), ).add_to(m)

標記圓形區域

點擊任意位置出現經緯度folium.LatLngPopup()

m = folium.Map(location=[46.1991, -122.1889], tiles="Stamen Terrain", zoom_start=13)m.add_child(folium.LatLngPopup())

打點功能：點擊任意位置出現標記，再點擊彈出信息

m = folium.Map(location=[46.8527, -121.7649], tiles="Stamen Terrain", zoom_start=13)folium.Marker([46.8354, -121.7325], popup="Camp Muir").add_to(m)m.add_child(folium.ClickForMarker(popup="Waypoint"))

允許顯示任何HTML對象

m = folium.Map(location=[46.3014, -123.7390], zoom_start=7, tiles="Stamen Terrain")folium.Marker(location=[47.3489, -124.708],popup=folium.Popup(max_width=450).add_child(folium.Vega(vis1, width=450, height=250)), ).add_to(m)

可以參考的代碼
html參考鏈接

實戰

用folium繪制中國的政策地圖，城市的政策匯總在一個excel表中。要實現的效果是政策可視化，點擊某一個城市，可以彈出這個城市所有的政策。

import folium import webbrowser as wb import numpy as np import xlrd import pandas as pd from folium import CustomIcondef get_data():'''return:df_data:返回城市對應的編號,經緯度df_policy:返回城市的政策名稱、鏈接、編號'''file_name = 'policy.xls'all_data = xlrd.open_workbook(file_name)table = all_data.sheet_by_name('num_lat_lon')df_data = pd.DataFrame(columns=['city','number','latitude','longitude'])for i in range(1,table.nrows):df_data.loc[i] = table.row_values(i)table_policy = all_data.sheet_by_name('policy')df_policy = pd.DataFrame(columns=['number','name','link'])for i in range(1,table_policy.nrows):df_policy.loc[i,'number'] = table_policy.cell(i,3).valuedf_policy.loc[i,'name'] = table_policy.cell(i,1).valuedf_policy.loc[i,'link'] = table_policy.cell(i,2).valuereturn df_data, df_policy# 中文轉換 def parse_zhch(s):return str(str(s).encode('ascii' , 'xmlcharrefreplace'))[2:-1]def show_map(df_data,df_policy):'''可以使用高德地圖或默認地圖m = folium.Map(zoom_start=4,zoom_control=True,tiles='http://webrd02.is.autonavi.com/appmaptile?lang=zh_cn&size=1&scale=1&style=7&x={x}&y={y}&z={z}',attr='default')'''# 默認地圖m = folium.Map(location=[39.904,116.408],zoom_start=4,zoom_control=True,tiles='OpenStreetMap')for i in range(1,len(df_data)):# 得到該城市的編號、經緯度number = df_data.loc[i,'number']latitude = df_data.loc[i,'latitude']longitude = df_data.loc[i,'longitude']tip = df_data.loc[i,'city']# 獲取城市編號對應的所有政策和鏈接的行索引city_index = df_policy[df_policy.number == number].index.tolist()# 將城市名稱和鏈接放同一個list中s=[]for i in city_index:s.append(df_policy.loc[i,'name']) s.append(df_policy.loc[i,'link'])# 計算最大長度length = []for i in range(len(s)):length.append(len(s[i]))WIDTH = max(length)# 點擊彈出內容和彈出框大小設置ss=''for i in range(len(s)):ss = ss + s[i] + '</br>' pop = folium.Popup(html=ss,max_width=WIDTH*10)icon = CustomIcon(icon_image ='loc.png',icon_size=(20, 20))# tooltip：懸浮彈出信息；popup：點擊出現信息folium.Marker([latitude,longitude],icon=icon, popup=pop,tooltip=parse_zhch(tip)).add_to(m)m.save('map.html')wb.open('map.html')if __name__ == '__main__':df_data,df_policy = get_data()show_map(df_data,df_policy)

實現效果：

總結

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