文章目錄

• • 1.背景
  • 2.行政區域數據獲取
  • 3.獲取GeoJson數據

1.背景

項目中用到省市區三級的行政區劃的選擇，在網上找到的數據與最新的行政區域劃分不一致，也難以確認數據的完成性。

基于echarts完成數據地區分布圖時，需要提供地區對應的geoJson格式地圖。

2.行政區域數據獲取

高德開放平臺提供了豐富數據API，其中行政區域信息可通過以下接口：
https://restapi.amap.com/v3/config/district?keywords=中國&subdistrict=3&key=5b138cc729f37d29702ff904ca9cedeb

接口獲取的數據是按照行政等級多層嵌套，為了方便后續操作，將數據轉化為了List。
以下代碼將行政區劃轉化為List并添加了id和parent_id，同時保存為json數組(area_dict.json)和MySQL數據庫腳本(area_dict.sql)。

#-*-coding:UTF-8-*- """ Author: Gray Snail Date: 2020-06-30最新行政區劃獲取 基于高德地圖API獲取數據 https://restapi.amap.com/v3/config/district?keywords=中國&subdistrict=3&key=5b138cc729f37d29702ff904ca9cedeb""" import json import requestsdef parse_district(districtObj : dict, idx=1, parent_id=0):res = []if 'name' in districtObj.keys():if districtObj['level'] == 'street':return reslng, lat = districtCenter(districtObj['center'])level = districtLevel(districtObj['level'])citycode = districtObj['citycode'] if isinstance(districtObj['citycode'], str) else ''# {"citycode":"0379","adcode":"410300","name":"洛陽市","center":"112.434468,34.663041","level":"city"}# idx, districtObj['adcode'], districtObj['name'], level, citycode, lng, lat, parent_iditem = {'id' : idx,'adcode' : districtObj['adcode'],'name' : districtObj['name'],'level' : level,'citycode' : citycode,'lng' : lng,'lat' : lat,'parent_id' : parent_id}res.append(item)parent_id = idxidx = idx + 1if isinstance(districtObj.get('districts'), list) and len(districtObj['districts']) > 0:for subitem in districtObj['districts']:subs = parse_district(subitem, idx, parent_id)res += subsidx += len(subs)return resdef districtLevel(levelStr):map_val = {'country': 0,'province': 1,'city': 2,'district': 3}return map_val[levelStr]def districtCenter(center):items = center.split(',')return float(items[0]), float(items[1])# 結果保存為json數組 def saveJson(data):with open('area_dict.json', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as fp:json.dump(data, fp, ensure_ascii=False, indent=4)print('Save json file: area_dict.json')# 保存為SQL腳本 def saveSqlFile(data, includeCreate=True):# +--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+# | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |# +--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+# | area_id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |# | area_code | char(6) | NO | MUL | NULL | |# | area_name | varchar(20) | NO | MUL | NULL | |# | level | tinyint(1) | NO | MUL | 0 | |# | city_code | char(4) | YES | | NULL | |# | longitudinal | int(11) | YES | | 0 | |# | lateral | int(11) | YES | | 0 | |# | parent_id | int(11) | NO | MUL | -1 | |# +--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+createCode = """ CREATE TABLE `area_dict` (`area_id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '地區Id',`area_code` char(6) NOT NULL COMMENT '地區編碼',`area_name` varchar(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '地區名',`level` tinyint(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '地區級別（1:省份province,2:市city,3:區縣district,4:街道street）',`city_code` char(4) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '城市編碼',`lng` int(11) DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '城市中心經度',`lat` int(11) DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '城市中心緯度',`parent_id` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '-1' COMMENT '地區父節點',PRIMARY KEY (`area_id`),KEY `areaCode` (`area_code`),KEY `parentId` (`parent_id`),KEY `level` (`level`),KEY `areaName` (`area_name`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3261 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='地區碼表'; """with open('area_dict.sql', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as fp:if includeCreate:fp.write(createCode)for item in data:item['lng'] = int(item['lng'] * 1e6)item['lat'] = int(item['lat'] * 1e6)sql = "INSERT INTO area_dict(`area_id`,`area_code`,`area_name`,`level`,`city_code`,`lng`,`lat`,`parent_id`) " + \"VALUES({id},'{adcode}','{name}',{level},'{citycode}',{lng},{lat},{parent_id});\n".format(**item)fp.write(sql)print('Save sql file: area_dict.sql')if __name__ == "__main__":url = 'https://restapi.amap.com/v3/config/district?keywords=中國&subdistrict=3&key=5b138cc729f37d29702ff904ca9cedeb'response = requests.get(url)if response.ok and response.status_code == 200:data = response.json()data = parse_district(data)print('Download data successful, total:{0}!'.format(len(data)))saveJson(data)saveSqlFile(data)else:print('Request error!')

3.獲取GeoJson數據

數據來源：基于阿里云datav，數據文件以地區編碼命名。
根據行政區域數據中保存的area_dict.json自動下載對應GeoJson文件。

行政區劃的更新，兩個平臺的數據可能存在差異，即同一地區有著不同的地區編碼，導致對應地區的地圖無法下載。代碼中errorCodes記錄了未成功下載的地區編碼。2020.07.01，未下載成功的不到30條。

#-*-coding:UTF-8-*- """ Author: Gray Snail Date: 2020-06-30GeoJson地圖數據下載 基于阿里云datav http://datav.aliyun.com/tools/atlas """ import requests import json import osdef loadDistrict(filename):# {"citycode":"0379","adcode":"410300","name":"洛陽市","center":"112.434468,34.663041","level":"city"}data = []with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as fp:data = json.load(fp)return datadef saveGeoJson(areaCode, force=False):saveName = 'geo/{0}.json'.format(areaCode)if not force and os.path.isfile(saveName):return None baseUrl = 'https://geo.datav.aliyun.com/areas_v2/bound/{0}_full.json'baseUrl2 = 'https://geo.datav.aliyun.com/areas_v2/bound/{0}.json'if areaCode[-2:] == '00':url = baseUrl.format(areaCode)else:url = baseUrl2.format(areaCode)print(url)response = requests.get(url)if response.ok and response.status_code == 200:res_json = response.json()with open(saveName, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as fp:json.dump(res_json, fp, ensure_ascii=False)else:return areaCodeif __name__ == "__main__":districts = loadDistrict('area_dict.json')errorCodes = []for district in districts:code = saveGeoJson(district['adcode'])if not code is None:errorCodes.append(code)print(errorCodes)

總結

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