TOEFL-Write-课堂笔记
2021.04.18
一、題目類型
二、評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
三、獨(dú)立寫作（大作文）
3.1 題型分類
- 友誼類
成為朋友的幾個方面：① 興趣一致? ? ② 相互有吸引力? ? ③ 呆在一起的時間久
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
When you have been friends with someone for a long time, it is important to continue your friendship with that person even if he or she does something you do not like.
答：同意
① 溝通來解決問題? ? ② 多個朋友多條路? ? ③ 取決于事情的程度
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
It's better to make friends with intelligent people than with people who have a good sense of humor?
答：同意
① 能夠得到更多的幫助? ? ② 能夠激勵自己
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
Competition between friends usually negatively impacts friendships. Use specific details and examples to support your opinion.
答：同意
① 會產(chǎn)生隱瞞，從而產(chǎn)生誤會，如果被發(fā)現(xiàn)，會被認(rèn)為不真誠? ? ② 會產(chǎn)生落差和嫉妒
Some people believe that spending time away from the people we care about helps us improve our relationships with them, because being away from these people makes us realize how important they are to us. Other people believe that to improve our relationships with people we care about, we should spend as much time with them as possible, because spending time apart can damage or harm a relationship. Which view do you agree with, and why?
答：同意第2個
① 有問題能及時相互幫助? ? ② 能夠增進(jìn)彼此的了解
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
It is impossible to always be completely honest with your friends.
答：同意
① 不想說實(shí)話傷害他? ? ② 每個人都有自己的隱私
- 古今對比類
思路：多考慮不抽象的方面來答， 如科技、經(jīng)濟(jì)、思想和教育
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
Students do not respect teachers as much as they did in the past.
答：不同意，現(xiàn)在和過去都一樣尊重老師（新角度）
① 良好的教育，是基本素養(yǎng)? ? ② 懂得回報
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
Students nowadays are more interested in politics than in the past.
答：不同意，現(xiàn)在和過去都一樣不感興趣（新角度）
① 與日常生活的關(guān)系很小? ? ② 枯燥
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
Sometimes people think nowadays the media (TV, newspaper, Internet) are less concerned about the accuracy of news than in the past, and the incorrect information may cause more problem to the public.
答：同意，兩段式的題干只討論其中的一段即可
①為收視率不擇手段? ? ?② 過于追求效率? ? ③ 沒有意識到這樣做的負(fù)面影響，忽略讀者和觀眾的感受
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
Nowadays people are more willing to help the people they don’t know (for example, giving clothing and food to the people who need them) than people were in the past.
答：不同意
① 人們都不互相信任? ? ② 人們都很忙，沒有時間
- 三選一類
What is the most useful action for people to help protect the environment?
1. Travel by bike or walk to destination.
2. Reuse and recycle waste materials.
3. Purchase local organic food.
答：選3
① organic -- 農(nóng)藥和殺蟲劑會污染土地和水源? ? ② local?-- 減少運(yùn)輸過程中造成的污染
If your friend wants to reduce living expenses, what would you suggest?
1. find a roommate to share the rent.
2. less frequency to buy smart phone.
3. buy less expensive food and cooking at home.
答：選1
① 房費(fèi)是一筆很大的花銷? ? ② 除房費(fèi)之外，還可以和室友分擔(dān)其他費(fèi)用
Which one do you think is the most important for high school teacher (age from 15 to 18)?
1. the ability to give students advice to plan for their future.
2. the ability to find which students need help and provide them with help.
3. the ability to encourage students to learn on themselves outside of the classroom.
答：選2?
① 對學(xué)習(xí)方面的幫助，可以提高學(xué)習(xí)成績? ? ② 對生活房方面的幫助，可以減輕壓力
Which way would you like to take to improve your health?
A. eat more healthy food.
B. do more exercises.
C. reduce stress.
答：選B，有運(yùn)動就選運(yùn)動，好答
① 有益于身體健康，提高免疫能力? ? ② 有益于心理健康
The government can take a variety of actions to help protect the environment. Which one of the following do you think is the most important for the nation’s government to take to protect the environment?
1.Fund the research to develop environmentally friendly energy sources such as solar and wind energy.?
2.Preserve the natural places like forests and protect the animals that live there.
3.Enforce laws to prevent the pollution of air and water by large companies.
答：選3
① 法律具有強(qiáng)制性，能立即見效? ? ② 可以對違法企業(yè)和個人進(jìn)行罰款
Which one of the following values is the most important to share with a young child aged 5 to 10?
1.Being helpful to others.
2.Being honest.
3.Being well-organized.
答：選1
① 能夠結(jié)交更多的朋友? ? ② 能夠得到更多的別人的幫助? ? ③ 能夠?qū)W會分享
Which of the following do you think is the most important thing to better help college students succeed in their academics?
1.Inviting tutors to provide individual instruction for helping students to deal with the difficulties of schoolwork.
2.Encouragement from family or Friends who are attending University.
3.Receiving a high-quality education of excellent teacher while in the high school.
答：選1
① 更具有針對性? ? ② 能夠更方便及時地得到反饋和幫助
Three Choices to protect the local environment, which one do you think is the most effective one?
1. Plant tree and create garden.
2. Local shop do not provide plastic bags to the consumers.
3. Increase access to public transportation (such as buses and trains) ,thus, reduce the automobile on the road.
答：選1
① 有利于可持續(xù)發(fā)展（sustaintable development）? ? ② 具有良好的教育意義
- 絕對詞類
思路：① 它的不好，缺點(diǎn)? ? ②有比它更好的，所以不是最好的
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
Visiting museum is the best way to learn about a country.
答：不同意
①博物館是有限制的（limited）? ? ② 可以通過與當(dāng)?shù)厝私涣饕约吧暇W(wǎng)
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
The most important thing that government can do to improve health care is to clean the environment.
答：不同意
① 二者沒有直接的關(guān)系? ? ② 有其他更好的辦法，如改善醫(yī)療條件、增加假期不加班等
Do you agree or disagree?
The government should offer internet access to all of citizens at no cost.
答：不同意
① 對政府是負(fù)擔(dān)，但對個人是無負(fù)擔(dān)的? ? ②?有一部分人或者職業(yè)不需要互聯(lián)網(wǎng)
Do you agree or disagree?
The way people dresses is a good indication of his or her personality or character.
答：不同意
① 錢? ? ② 工作需要
- 因果類
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
It is often not a good thing for people to move to a new town or a new country because of the loss of old social connection.
3.2?常用套路
- 選擇不好的那一方，比較好論述
- 一定要重視例子的使用，多使用細(xì)節(jié)來描述例子，用例子來論述論點(diǎn)
- 兩段式的題干只討論其中的一段即可
- 成為朋友的幾個方面：① 興趣一致? ? ② 相互有吸引力? ? ③ 呆在一起的時間久
- 年輕人對比老年人：① 健康? ? ② 時間多? ? ③ 成長的需求
- 老年人對比年輕人：① 錢多? ? ② 時間多? ? ③ 經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富? ? ④ 無聊? ? ⑤ 跟上社會的步伐
- 討論大學(xué)生要不要上各種課的問題，一律選不上：① 與專業(yè)無關(guān)，沒有用? ? ② 在學(xué)習(xí)和經(jīng)濟(jì)上造成太大的壓力
- 有運(yùn)動選運(yùn)動，好答：① 身體健康，免疫系統(tǒng)? ? ② 心理健康
- 絕對詞類的思路：① 它的不好，缺點(diǎn)? ? ②有比它更好的，所以不是最好的
- 可以多使用副詞
3.3 作文分段（4段）
2021.05.02
一、獨(dú)立寫作開頭段模板
開頭段? 70-90字? 4-5句話
1.1?轉(zhuǎn)述題目
轉(zhuǎn)述的方法：① synonym（同義詞）? ? ② 詞性（動詞 - 形容詞 - 名詞）? ? ③ 句型（主謂賓）? ? ④ 換主語（主動換被動）
Never has the issue of whether + 轉(zhuǎn)述題目的句子(即對題目的同義轉(zhuǎn)換)?+ failed to attract people’s attention.
E.g. Never has the issue of whether younger children should be taken care by their older siblings or their parents failed to attract people’s attention.
1.2?別人（即與我對立的觀點(diǎn)）的論點(diǎn) + 理由
使用 In fact / Certainly / Indeed /?Admittedly?作為邏輯詞
In fact/ Certainly/ Indeed/?Admittedly, if + sb did(were doing) sth, sb?+ would + 與我對立的觀點(diǎn)的理由好處.
E.g. In fact, if older children spent much time attending to younger ones, the bonds among them would be strengthened by communicating frequently.
1.3?我（即我選擇的觀點(diǎn)）的兩個理由
使用 However /?Nevertheless /?Nonetheless 作為邏輯詞
However /?Nevertheless /?Nonetheless, + 我選擇的觀點(diǎn)?+?since + 理由1以及理由1的好處 . Furthermore, it is necessary for them to + 理由2以及理由2的好處?.
E.g. However, parents have more experience to better look after their kids since they have already successfully raised one child. Furthermore, it is necessary for them to spend more time being with their own kids to shoulder their responsibility of being a parent.
1.4 承上啟下
My reasons will be elaborated as followed/ follows.
1.5 注意事項(xiàng)
二、獨(dú)立寫作結(jié)尾段模板
結(jié)尾段是對開頭段進(jìn)行簡單地重復(fù)
結(jié)尾段? 40-50字? 4-5句話
1. In conclusion/ In a nutshell/ To sum up/ All in all/ In a word, it is true that?+ 轉(zhuǎn)述開頭段的讓步句.
2. Nevertheless, + 自己的兩個理由的簡單總結(jié).
3. What we should do is to treat this issue more objectively.
4. As a result, I firmly believe that + 自己的觀點(diǎn).
E.g.?In conclusion, it is true that by taking care of their younger brothers or sisters, older children may build up better relationship with them. Nevertheless, parents know how to attend to their kids and also should be responsible to their family, which make them better candidates to do the job. What we should do is to treat this issue more objectively. As a result, I firmly believe that parents or other adults take care of the younger children better than older?children.
三、獨(dú)立寫作Body段（即中間段1和中間段2）模板
3.1 Body段原則
3.2 Body段構(gòu)成部分
即
3.3 例子部分模板
即
3.4 Body段模板
Body段? 每段150+字
1. First of all, if + 話題(即主旨句),
2. it will + 理由.
3. As a result, + 好處.
4.?For example/ instance, + 例子.
5. Therefore, in order to + 理由/好處, we should + 話題.?
E.g.?Some people prefer doing sports on their own, such as jogging or biking; others prefer doing with a group of people. Which do you prefer? Why?
First of all, if people choose to do some group sports, there must be many people who can supervise them. As a result, it will be much easier for people to form a good habit of doing sports. For example, when I was in college, I chose to join in a basketball team to learn some techniques in playing basketball. I was a lazy person who always sleep to 11 o'clock so sometimes I wanted to quit the training. However, my teammates would call me crazily until I got up from my bed and showed myself in the playground. Sometimes, they even came to my dorm and pulled me out of my bed to take the training. As a result, when it comes to the day of training, i would participate it regularly and finally form the habit of keeping doing physical exercise. Therefore, in order to have more people to encourage us, we should ......
2021.05.09
一、綜合寫作（小作文）
1.1 注意事項(xiàng)
- 閱讀時間：3min? 聽力時間：3min? 寫作時間：20min
- 官方：150-225字? 高分：300+字
- 作文內(nèi)容比例：閱讀：聽力 = 1：3
- 先寫閱讀，后寫聽力，要記錄閱讀筆記和聽力筆記
- 題材多是生物(biology)、考古(archaeology)、商業(yè)(business)和天文(astronomy)以及其他
- 閱讀部分的內(nèi)容要進(jìn)行同義轉(zhuǎn)換，不能直接抄原文
- 閱讀部分的內(nèi)容一定不要太多
- 要運(yùn)用適當(dāng)?shù)?strong>連接詞了，來表達(dá)句子和句子之間的邏輯
- 不要寫特別長或者特別短的句子，可以用連接詞把句子組織連接起來
- 最重要的是聽力，如果沒聽懂，就蒙，但可能蒙錯
1.2 作文分段
- 開頭段
思路：討論一下閱讀和聽力的總體觀點(diǎn)以及它們之間的關(guān)系
The reading states that + 閱讀的觀點(diǎn).?while the professor in the lecture disagrees with this opinion and all the arguments made by the author.
E.g.?The reading states that there are three main benefits of constructing wind turbines in the areas of the Great Lakes, while the professor in the lecture disagrees with this opinion and all the arguments made by the author.
- 中間段1
1. To begin with/ To start with/ First of all, the writer suggests that + 一句話闡述你的閱讀觀點(diǎn)1.?
2. However, the speaker doubts this view and then points out that + 聽力里面對應(yīng)閱讀觀點(diǎn)1的主旨和細(xì)節(jié). ......
E.g.?To begin with, the writer suggests that the construction of wind turbines will have a good economic impact on local economy by creating more jobs and incomes. However, the speaker doubts this view and then points out that although jobs will be created, local residents will suffer from some bad economic effects. In fact, building such turbines will be highly costly for those companies. So, in order to recover their initial costs, they will increase the price of electricity. Unfortunately, it is estimated that local residents will receive a high electricity bill for at least 15 years.
- 中間段2
1. Secondly, the author proposes that + 一句話闡述你的閱讀觀點(diǎn)2 + since + 簡單概括你的閱讀觀點(diǎn)2的理由, whereas the lecture does not think it makes any sense.
2. To elaborate, there are other problems that + 聽力里面對應(yīng)閱讀觀點(diǎn)2的主旨和細(xì)節(jié). ......
E.g.?Secondly, the author proposes that + 一句話闡述你的閱讀觀點(diǎn)2 + since freshwater in the Great Lakes is not corrosive, the maintenance cost for the government will be much lower, whereas the lecture does not think it makes any sense. To elaborate, there are other problems that may elevate the cost of maintaining those turbines. Because the weather in that district is very cold in winter, the fresh water is much easier to be frozen. As a result, when the water is frozen, it will add much burden on the basis of the turbine, which will add extra weight to those turbines and thus make them easily to be broken down. Therefore, the maintenance cost is still higher.
- 中間段3
1. Lastly, the passage shows that + 一句話闡述你的閱讀觀點(diǎn)3.
2. Nevertheless, the professor in the lecture disapproves of this opinion by pointing out that?+ 聽力里面對應(yīng)閱讀觀點(diǎn)3的主旨和細(xì)節(jié). ......
E.g.?Lastly, the passage shows that water can be conserved after the construction of turbines. Nevertheless, the professor in the lecture disapproves of this opinion by pointing out that there may be other problems induced by the application of wind turbines. Specifically, the water quality may suffer from the lubricants that flow to the lake when the turbines are cracked and leaking those materials.
2021.05.16
一、大作文中不靠譜的論點(diǎn)
二、大作文中常用的理由
- Efficiency
- Money reduce family burden
- Time
- Energy
- Technology
- Communication skills(be a good listener / how to express yourself)
- Enlarge social network/circle
- Relax
- Presssure
- Relationship
- acquire more knowledge --->?Open mind
- Health(physically, mentally)
三、十三個萬能理由
詳見TOEFL_Write文件夾
有可能做某事：be inclined to do/be prone to do/have the potential to do
完美的：versatile / all-rounded
以...為代價：at the expense of
四、大作文的高分句型
詳見TOEFL_Write文件夾
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