一、靜態(tài)web服務器

靜態(tài)web法服務器：可為發(fā)出請求的瀏覽器提供靜態(tài)文檔的程序，平時上網(wǎng)瀏覽的頁面都是動態(tài)的，而開發(fā)的是靜態(tài)的，頁面數(shù)據(jù)不會發(fā)生變化

搭建python自帶的靜態(tài)web服務器

• 命令：python3 -m http.server 端口號
  • -m：表示運行包里面的模塊，執(zhí)行該命令需進入指定靜態(tài)文件目錄，通過瀏覽器就能訪問對應html文件
  • 端口號若不指定則默認為8000

• 訪問：http://127.0.0.1:9000/

瀏覽器訪問搭建的靜態(tài)web服務器及其通信過程

二、靜態(tài)Web服務器-返回固定頁面數(shù)據(jù)?

靜態(tài)Web服務器實現(xiàn)步驟

編寫TCP服務端程序

獲取瀏覽器發(fā)送的http請求報文數(shù)據(jù)

讀取固定數(shù)據(jù)，將頁面數(shù)據(jù)組裝為http響應報文數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送給瀏覽器

http響應報文數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送完后，關(guān)閉服務于客戶端的套接字

實現(xiàn)代碼?

import socket if __name__ == '__main__':server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) # 創(chuàng)建TCP服務端套接字server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, True) # 設(shè)置端口號復用，程序退出端口立即釋放server_socket.bind(('', 9000)) # 綁定端口號server_socket.listen(128) # 設(shè)置監(jiān)聽while True: # 循環(huán)接受客戶端的連接請求comm_socket, ip_port = server_socket.accept() # 等待接受客戶端的連接請求recv_data = comm_socket.recv(4096) # 獲取瀏覽器發(fā)送的http請求報文數(shù)據(jù)print('接收到的數(shù)據(jù)解碼后為:', recv_data.decode('utf-8'))with open('C:/Users/username/Desktop/ubuntu/file1/1.txt', 'rb') as file:file_data = file.read() # 讀取文件數(shù)據(jù)response_line = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK ！！！\r\n" # 響應行response_header = "Server: PWS1.0 # 服務器名稱及版本\r\n" # 響應頭response_body = file_data # 響應體response_data = (response_line + response_header + '\r\n').encode('utf-8') + response_body # 將數(shù)據(jù)組裝成HTTP響應報文數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送給瀏覽器comm_socket.send(response_data) # 發(fā)送響應報文數(shù)據(jù)至瀏覽器comm_socket.close() # 關(guān)閉服務于客戶端的套接字

輸出如下

瀏覽器刷新后輸出： 接收到的數(shù)據(jù)解碼后為: GET /file1/1.txt HTTP/1.1 Host: 127.0.0.1:9000 Connection: keep-alive Cache-Control: max-age=0 sec-ch-ua: "Google Chrome";v="105", "Not)A;Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="105" sec-ch-ua-mobile: ?0 sec-ch-ua-platform: "Windows" Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/105.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9 Sec-Fetch-Site: none Sec-Fetch-Mode: navigate Sec-Fetch-User: ?1 Sec-Fetch-Dest: document Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9 Cookie: csrftoken=1wb7v0r0BQuokJCxRS4JAO2XApvrHXFP90t2PiYb0mz7AwWS0NoKTi0zNaIjOfTl; Hm_lvt_18f619820855042bca58b32408f44de7=1658219884 If-Modified-Since: Sat, 15 Oct 2022 02:36:31 GMT

瀏覽器響應如下?

三、靜態(tài)Web服務器-返回指定頁面數(shù)據(jù)

實現(xiàn)步驟

獲取用戶請求資源路徑

根據(jù)路徑讀取指定文件數(shù)據(jù)

將指定文件數(shù)據(jù)組裝為響應報文，發(fā)送給瀏覽器

判斷請求文件在服務端不存在，組裝404狀態(tài)響應報文，發(fā)送給瀏覽器

代碼實現(xiàn)

import socket def main():server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) # 創(chuàng)建TCP服務端套接字server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, True) # 設(shè)置端口號復用，程序退出端口立即釋放server_socket.bind(("", 9000)) # 綁定端口號server_socket.listen(128) # 設(shè)置監(jiān)聽while True:comm_socket, ip_port = server_socket.accept() # 等待接收客戶端連接請求recv_data = comm_socket.recv(4096) # 接收請求的二進制數(shù)據(jù)if len(recv_data) == 0 :print('未獲取到請求數(shù)據(jù)！')comm_socket.close()returnrecv_content = recv_data.decode('utf-8') # 對二進制數(shù)據(jù)解碼print('獲取到的數(shù)據(jù)內(nèi)容為：', recv_content)request_list = recv_content.split(" ", maxsplit=2) # 根據(jù)指定字符串進行分割，最大分割次數(shù)為2request_path = request_list[1] # 獲取請求資源路徑print('請求路徑為：', request_path)if request_path == "/": # 判斷請求的是否是根目錄，若是則返回首頁指定數(shù)據(jù)request_path = "/index.html"try:with open('C:/Users/username/Desktop/ubuntu' + request_path, 'rb') as file: # 動態(tài)打開指定文件file_data = file.read() # 讀取指定文件數(shù)據(jù)except Exception as e: # 請求異常，資源不存在，返回指定404錯誤數(shù)據(jù)with open('C:/Users/username/Desktop/ubuntu/error.html', 'rb') as file: # 打開指定錯誤文件error_data = file.read() # 讀取指定錯誤數(shù)據(jù)response_line = "HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found！！\r\n" # 響應行response_header = "Server: PWS1.0 服務器名稱及版本……\r\n" # 響應頭response_body = error_data # 響應體response_data = (response_line + response_header + '\r\n').encode('utf-8') + response_body # 拼接響應報文comm_socket.send(response_data) # 發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)給瀏覽器else:response_line = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK # 成功！！\r\n"response_header = "Server: PWS1.0 # 服務器名稱版本！\r\n"response_body = file_dataresponse_data = (response_line + response_header + '\r\n').encode('utf-8') + response_bodycomm_socket.send(response_data)finally:comm_socket.close() # 關(guān)閉服務于客戶端的套接字 if __name__ == '__main__':main()

輸出如下

404錯誤輸出： 獲取到的數(shù)據(jù)內(nèi)容為： GET /ab.txt HTTP/1.1 Host: 127.0.0.1:9000 Connection: keep-alive Cache-Control: max-age=0 sec-ch-ua: "Google Chrome";v="105", "Not)A;Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="105" sec-ch-ua-mobile: ?0 sec-ch-ua-platform: "Windows" Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/105.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9 Sec-Fetch-Site: none Sec-Fetch-Mode: navigate Sec-Fetch-User: ?1 Sec-Fetch-Dest: document Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9 Cookie: csrftoken=1wb7v0r0BQuokJCxRS4JAO2XApvrHXFP90t2PiYb0mz7AwWS0NoKTi0zNaIjOfTl; Hm_lvt_18f619820855042bca58b32408f44de7=1658219884請求路徑為： /ab.txt 未獲取到請求數(shù)據(jù)！正確響應輸出: 獲取到的數(shù)據(jù)內(nèi)容為： GET /index.html HTTP/1.1 Host: 127.0.0.1:9000 Connection: keep-alive …… …… # 中間部分同錯誤輸出請求路徑為： /index.html 未獲取到請求數(shù)據(jù)！

錯誤響應

正確響應

??學習導航：http://xqnav.top/

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