一、環(huán)境要求

1.Oracle11G下載地址

https://www.oracle.com/cn/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/oracle-db11g-linux.html

2.虛擬機(jī)要求

內(nèi)存至少2G

處理器至少2個(gè)

根分區(qū)要大于20G（安裝oracle很占空間，空閑空間要足夠。踩過一次坑，安裝的時(shí)候提示根分區(qū)空間不足）

二、環(huán)境準(zhǔn)備

1.首先關(guān)閉firewalld和關(guān)閉selinux

關(guān)閉防火墻：[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld

關(guān)閉防火墻自啟動(dòng)：[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld

關(guān)閉selinux：[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config

修改：SELINUX=disabled

?重啟linux：[root@localhost ~]# reboot

?

?查看selinux狀態(tài)：[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0

?

2.創(chuàng)建oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫的系統(tǒng)用戶和用戶組

組：[root@localhost ~]# groupadd dba

組：[root@localhost ~]# groupadd oinstall

用戶加組：[root@localhost ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba -m oracle

密碼：[root@localhost ~]# passwd oracle

（此處設(shè)置oracle密碼oracle）

3.創(chuàng)建oracle安裝目錄

安裝：[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0

數(shù)據(jù)：[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /db/app/oracle/oradata

數(shù)據(jù)：[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /db/app/oracle/inventory

數(shù)據(jù)：[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /db/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area

數(shù)據(jù)：[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /db/oraInventory

配置：[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /db/etc

軟件包：[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /db/orapackage

4.修改內(nèi)核參數(shù)

修改內(nèi)核：[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf

（在末尾添加）

net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1

net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1

fs.file-max = 6815744

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 2147483648

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

使配置參數(shù)生效：[root@localhost ~]# sysctl -p

5.設(shè)置用戶限制，提高軟件運(yùn)行性能

設(shè)置限制：[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf

（在末尾添加）

oracle soft nproc 2047

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536

oracle soft stack 10240

oracle hard stack 32768

6.配置用戶的環(huán)境變量

配置：[root@localhost ~]# vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile

（在末尾添加）

export ORACLE_BASE=/db/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/

export ORACLE_SID=orcl

export ORACLE_TERM=xterm

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATH

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib

export LANG=C

使配置參數(shù)生效：[root@localhost ~]# source /home/oracle/.bash_profile

7.安裝oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫所需要的軟件包

yum源安裝：[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel expat gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make pdksh sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel ksh

使用rpm驗(yàn)證是否安裝成功（沒啥提示的就成功，提示package pdksh is not installed沒影響）：

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel expat gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make pdksh sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel ksh | grep "not installed"

安裝壓縮：[root@localhost orapackage]# yum install -y unzip zip

Oracle安裝包拷貝到/db/orapackage后進(jìn)入/db/orapackage下解壓：

[root@localhost orapackage]# cd /db/orapackage

[root@localhost orapackage]# ls

[root@localhost orapackage]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /db/orapackage/

[root@localhost orapackage]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /db/orapackage/

8.目錄授權(quán)

[root@localhost orapackage]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /db/app/oracle

[root@localhost orapackage]# chmod -R 775 /db/app/oracle

[root@localhost orapackage]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /db/oraInventory

[root@localhost orapackage]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /db/orapackage

9.文件拷貝到指定目錄

[root@localhost orapackage]# cp /db/orapackage/database/response/* /db/etc/

（dbca.rsp是用來創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫的、db_install.rsp是用來安裝Oracle軟件的、netca.rsp是用來創(chuàng)建監(jiān)聽器的）

10.修改db_install.rsp文件內(nèi)容

修改后的參考：

oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY

ORACLE_HOSTNAME=centos-oracle

UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall

INVENTORY_LOCATION=/db/app/oracle/inventory

SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN

ORACLE_HOME=/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0

ORACLE_BASE=/db/app/oracle

oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE

oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=true

oracle.install.db.customComponents=oracle.server:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.sysman.ccr:10.2.7.0.0,oracle.xdk:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.oci:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network.listener:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.options:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0,orcle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0

oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba

oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall

oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=ORCL

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=ORCL

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=ZHS16GBK

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=2048

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.enableEmailNotification=false

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.emailAddress=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.SMTPServer=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=

oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=

oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=

MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=

MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=??

SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=

DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

PROXY_HOST=

PROXY_PORT=

PROXY_USER=

PROXY_PWD=

11.修改后重啟：[root@localhost etc]# reboot

12.切換成oracle用戶執(zhí)行安裝

[root@localhost ~]# su - oracle

[oracle@localhost ~]$ cd /db/orapackage/database/

[oracle@localhost database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /db/etc/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq

（窗口一靜默安裝，切換窗口二用root用戶查看圖中框中日志，安裝很長）

13.在root用戶下執(zhí)行

[root@localhost logs]# cd /db/app/oracle/inventory/logs

[root@localhost logs]# ls

進(jìn)入目錄下查看當(dāng)天日期下的安裝日志：

[root@localhost logs]# tailf installActions*.log

14.窗口一提示安裝完成，需要切換窗口二用root用戶運(yùn)行.sh文件

[root@localhost logs]# sh /db/app/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh

?[root@localhost logs]# sh /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/root.sh

?15.修改dbca.rsp文件：

修改后的dbca.rsp參考：

[GENERAL]

RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"

OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"

[CREATEDATABASE]

#全局?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)庫的名字=SID+主機(jī)域名

GDBNAME = "ORCL"

#數(shù)據(jù)庫的SID

SID = "ORCL"

TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"

#SYS管理員密碼

SYSPASSWORD = "111111"

#SYSTEM管理員密碼

SYSTEMPASSWORD = "111111"

DATAFILEDESTINATION =/db/app/oracle/oradata

RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/db/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/

#數(shù)據(jù)字符集

CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"

#設(shè)置內(nèi)存為總內(nèi)存的80%

TOTALMEMORY = "6553"

[createTemplateFromDB]

SOURCEDB = "myhost:1521:orcl"

SYSDBAUSERNAME = "system"

TEMPLATENAME = "My Copy TEMPLATE"

[createCloneTemplate]

SOURCEDB = "orcl"

TEMPLATENAME = "My Clone TEMPLATE"

[DELETEDATABASE]

SOURCEDB = "orcl"

[generateScripts]

TEMPLATENAME = "New Database"

GDBNAME = "orcl11.us.oracle.com"

[CONFIGUREDATABASE]

[ADDINSTANCE]

DB_UNIQUE_NAME = "orcl11g.us.oracle.com"

NODELIST=

SYSDBAUSERNAME = "sys"

[DELETEINSTANCE]

DB_UNIQUE_NAME = "orcl11g.us.oracle.com"

INSTANCENAME = "orcl11g"

SYSDBAUSERNAME = "sys"

16.修改完成后重啟：[root@localhost logs]# reboot

17.切換成oracle用戶：[root@localhost ~]# su - oracle

18.創(chuàng)建監(jiān)聽：（這一步搞完之后記得將服務(wù)器重啟！）

[oracle@localhost ~]$ source .bash_profile

[oracle@localhost ~]$ netca /silent /responsefile /db/etc/netca.rsp

19.（切換到窗口二使用root用戶安裝netstat命令不然查看無法操作）

[root@localhost ~]# yum install net-tools

20.查看監(jiān)聽端口：

[oracle@localhost ~]$ netstat -tunlp | grep 1521

?21.建數(shù)據(jù)庫：[oracle@localhost oracle]$ dbca -silent -responseFile /db/etc/dbca.rsp

22.關(guān)閉和重啟服務(wù)器：

關(guān)閉監(jiān)聽：[oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl stop

重啟：[oracle@localhost ~]$ exit

[root@localhost ~]# reboot

23.重啟后切換成oracle用戶：[root@localhost ~]# su - oracle

24.生效：[oracle@localhost ~]$ source .bash_profile

25.開啟監(jiān)聽：[oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl start

?26.查看監(jiān)聽：[oracle@localhost ~]$ netstat -tunlp | grep 1521

（登錄之前先執(zhí)行下面CP指令）

登錄：[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL> startup

查看實(shí)例：SQL> select status from v$instance;

27.先執(zhí)行這里不然會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)：

[oracle@localhost ~]$ cp /db/app/oracle/admin/ORCL/pfile/init.ora.524202294336?/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/initorcl.ora

(手動(dòng)敲+Tab補(bǔ)全，標(biāo)紅每個(gè)系統(tǒng)不一樣，處理報(bào)錯(cuò)完成后操作后面登錄操作)

28.登錄：[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

29.啟動(dòng)：SQL> startup

30.查看實(shí)例：SQL> select status from v$instance;

31.建立用戶：SQL> create user shun identified by cnbi123;

例子：create user brdb_sdhs identified by cnbi123;

32.使其不受限制：SQL> alter user shun account unlock;

例子：alter user brdb_sdhs account unlock;

33.賦權(quán)：SQL> grant connect,resource,dba to shun;

例子：grant connect,resource,dba to brdb_sdhs;

34.創(chuàng)建表空間（unlimited不限制，100M代表100M空間）

SQL> alter user shun?quota unlimited on users;

例子：alter user brdb_sdhs?quota?unlimited?on users;

或者初始表空間2M，超過每次遞增2M，最大容量60M：

create tablespace my_01 logging datafile '/db/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/my_01.dbf' size 2M autoextend on next 2M maxsize 60M extent management local;

表空間授予用戶：alter user brdb_sdhs identified by cnbi123 default tablespace my_01;

?34.在桌面中打開Navicat Premium 15連接數(shù)據(jù)庫:

總結(jié)

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