Liunx下修改MySQL字符集：

1.查找MySQL的cnf文件的位置

find / -iname '*.cnf' -print

/usr/share/mysql/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf

/usr/share/mysql/my-large.cnf

/usr/share/mysql/my-small.cnf

/usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf

/usr/share/mysql/my-huge.cnf

/usr/share/texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf

/usr/share/texmf/web2c/mktex.cnf

/usr/share/texmf/web2c/fmtutil.cnf

/usr/share/texmf/tex/xmltex/xmltexfmtutil.cnf

/usr/share/texmf/tex/jadetex/jadefmtutil.cnf

/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf

/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-large.cnf

/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-small.cnf

/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-medium.cnf

/usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-huge.cnf

2. 拷貝 small.cnf、my-medium.cnf、my-huge.cnf、my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf其中的一個到/etc下，命名為my.cnfcp /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

3. 修改my.cnf

vi /etc/my.cnf

在[client]下添加

default-character-set=utf8

在[mysqld]下添加

default-character-set=utf8

4.重新啟動MySQL[root@bogon ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart

Shutting down MySQL??????????????????????????????????????? [ 確定 ]

Starting MySQL.??????????????????????????????????????????? [ 確定 ]

[root@bogon ~]# mysql -u root -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 1

Server version: 5.1.22-rc-community-log MySQL Community Edition (GPL)

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

5.查看字符集設(shè)置

mysql> show variables like 'collation_%';

+----------------------+-----------------+

| Variable_name??????? | Value?????????? |

+----------------------+-----------------+

| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |

| collation_database?? | utf8_general_ci |

| collation_server???? | utf8_general_ci |

+----------------------+-----------------+

3 rows in set (0.02 sec)

mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| Variable_name??????????? | Value????????????????????? |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| character_set_client???? | utf8?????????????????????? |

| character_set_connection | utf8?????????????????????? |

| character_set_database?? | utf8?????????????????????? |

| character_set_filesystem | binary???????????????????? |

| character_set_results??? | utf8?????????????????????? |

| character_set_server???? | utf8?????????????????????? |

| character_set_system???? | utf8?????????????????????? |

| character_sets_dir?????? | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

8 rows in set (0.02 sec)

mysql>

其他的一些設(shè)置方法：

修改數(shù)據(jù)庫的字符集

mysql>use mydb

mysql>alter database mydb character set utf-8;

創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫指定數(shù)據(jù)庫的字符集

mysql>create database mydb character set utf-8;

通過配置文件修改:

修改/var/lib/mysql/mydb/db.opt

default-character-set=latin1

default-collation=latin1_swedish_ci

為

default-character-set=utf8

default-collation=utf8_general_ci

重起MySQL:[root@bogon ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart

通過MySQL命令行修改:

mysql> set character_set_client=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_connection=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_database=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_results=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_server=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set character_set_system=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> set collation_connection=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> set collation_database=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> set collation_server=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

查看:mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| Variable_name??????????? | Value????????????????????? |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| character_set_client???? | utf8?????????????????????? |

| character_set_connection | utf8?????????????????????? |

| character_set_database?? | utf8?????????????????????? |

| character_set_filesystem | binary???????????????????? |

| character_set_results??? | utf8?????????????????????? |

| character_set_server???? | utf8?????????????????????? |

| character_set_system???? | utf8?????????????????????? |

| character_sets_dir?????? | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

8 rows in set (0.03 sec)

mysql> show variables like 'collation_%';

+----------------------+-----------------+

| Variable_name??????? | Value?????????? |

+----------------------+-----------------+

| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |

| collation_database?? | utf8_general_ci |

| collation_server???? | utf8_general_ci |

+----------------------+-----------------+

3 rows in set (0.04 sec)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

【知識性文章轉(zhuǎn)載】

MYSQL 字符集問題

MySQL的字符集支持(Character Set Support)有兩個方面：

字符集(Character set)和排序方式(Collation)。

對于字符集的支持細(xì)化到四個層次:

服務(wù)器(server)，數(shù)據(jù)庫(database)，數(shù)據(jù)表(table)和連接(connection)。

1.MySQL默認(rèn)字符集

MySQL對于字符集的指定可以細(xì)化到一個數(shù)據(jù)庫，一張表，一列，應(yīng)該用什么字符集。

但是，傳統(tǒng)的程序在創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫和數(shù)據(jù)表時并沒有使用那么復(fù)雜的配置，它們用的是默認(rèn)的配置，那么，默認(rèn)的配置從何而來呢？??? (1)編譯MySQL 時，指定了一個默認(rèn)的字符集，這個字符集是 latin1；

(2)安裝MySQL 時，可以在配置文件 (my.ini) 中指定一個默認(rèn)的的字符集，如果沒指定，這個值繼承自編譯時指定的；

(3)啟動mysqld 時，可以在命令行參數(shù)中指定一個默認(rèn)的的字符集，如果沒指定，這個值繼承自配置文件中的配置,此時 character_set_server 被設(shè)定為這個默認(rèn)的字符集；

(4)當(dāng)創(chuàng)建一個新的數(shù)據(jù)庫時，除非明確指定，這個數(shù)據(jù)庫的字符集被缺省設(shè)定為character_set_server；

(5)當(dāng)選定了一個數(shù)據(jù)庫時，character_set_database 被設(shè)定為這個數(shù)據(jù)庫默認(rèn)的字符集；

(6)在這個數(shù)據(jù)庫里創(chuàng)建一張表時，表默認(rèn)的字符集被設(shè)定為 character_set_database，也就是這個數(shù)據(jù)庫默認(rèn)的字符集；

(7)當(dāng)在表內(nèi)設(shè)置一欄時，除非明確指定，否則此欄缺省的字符集就是表默認(rèn)的字符集；

簡單的總結(jié)一下，如果什么地方都不修改，那么所有的數(shù)據(jù)庫的所有表的所有欄位的都用 latin1 存儲，不過我們?nèi)绻惭b MySQL，一般都會選擇多語言支持，也就是說，安裝程序會自動在配置文件中把 default_character_set 設(shè)置為 UTF-8，這保證了缺省情況下，所有的數(shù)據(jù)庫的所有表的所有欄位的都用 UTF-8 存儲。

2.查看默認(rèn)字符集(默認(rèn)情況下，mysql的字符集是latin1(ISO_8859_1)

通常，查看系統(tǒng)的字符集和排序方式的設(shè)定可以通過下面的兩條命令：

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';

+--------------------------+---------------------------------+

| Variable_name??????????? | Value?????????????????????????? |

+--------------------------+---------------------------------+

| character_set_client???? | latin1????????????????????????? |

| character_set_connection | latin1????????????????????????? |

| character_set_database?? | latin1????????????????????????? |

| character_set_filesystem | binary????????? ????????? |

| character_set_results??? | latin1????????????????????????? |

| character_set_server ??? | latin1????????????????????????? |

| character_set_system ?? | utf8??????????????????????????? |

| character_sets_dir?????? | D:"mysql-5.0.37"share"charsets" |

+--------------------------+---------------------------------+

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'collation_%';

+----------------------+-----------------+

| Variable_name??????? | Value?????????? |

+----------------------+-----------------+

| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |

| collation_database?? | utf8_general_ci |

| collation_server???? | utf8_general_ci |

+----------------------+-----------------+

3.修改默認(rèn)字符集

(1) 最簡單的修改方法，就是修改mysql的my.ini文件中的字符集鍵值，

如 ?? default-character-set = utf8

character_set_server = utf8

修改完后，重啟mysql的服務(wù)，service mysql restart

使用 mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';查看，發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)庫編碼均已改成utf8

+--------------------------+---------------------------------+

| Variable_name??????????? | Value?????????????????????????? |

+--------------------------+---------------------------------+

| character_set_client???? | utf8??????????????????????????? |

| character_set_connection | utf8??????????????????????????? |

| character_set_database?? | utf8??????????????????????????? |

| character_set_filesystem | binary????????????????????????? |

| character_set_results??? | utf8??????????????????????????? |

| character_set_server???? | utf8??????????????????????????? |

| character_set_system???? | utf8??????????????????????????? |

| character_sets_dir?????? | D:"mysql-5.0.37"share"charsets" |

+--------------------------+---------------------------------+

(2) 還有一種修改字符集的方法，就是使用mysql的命令

mysql> SET character_set_client = utf8 ;

總結(jié)

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