linux 恢复boot分区,Linux boot分区格式化后恢复 示例
在之前的博客我們看了boot分區(qū)刪除文件后的修復方法，如下：
Linux boot 分區(qū)損壞重建 示例
https://www.cndba.cn/dave/article/3534
https://www.cndba.cn/dave/article/3535
我們這里看一下直接把boot分區(qū)刪除后的修復過程。 具體步驟如下。https://www.cndba.cn/dave/article/3535
1 刪除boot分區(qū)
[root@dave ~]# df -lh
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_dave-lv_root
26G 3.0G 22G 12% /
tmpfs 3.8G 72K 3.8G 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 477M 42M 411M 10% /boot
[root@dave ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-4): 1
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[root@dave ~]#
[root@dave ~]# partprobe
Warning: WARNING: the kernel failed to re-read the partition table on /dev/sda (Device or resource busy). As a result, it may not reflect all of your changes until after reboot.
[root@dave ~]# reboot
刪除分區(qū)并重啟系統(tǒng)后錯誤和之前一樣：
2 使用Rescue模式修復
[dave@www.cndba.cn~]# df -lh
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_dave-lv_root
26G 3.0G 22G 12% /
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm
[dave@www.cndba.cn~]#
手工創(chuàng)建分區(qū)，注意分區(qū)的起始位置：
[dave@www.cndba.cn~]# fdisk /dev/sda
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-3916, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-63, default 63):
Using default value 63
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[dave@www.cndba.cn~]# fdisk -l /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3916 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00086488
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 1 63 506016 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 64 3917 30944256 8e Linux LVM
[dave@www.cndba.cn~]#
重啟系統(tǒng)使分區(qū)生效：
[dave@www.cndba.cn~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
126976 inodes, 506016 blocks
25300 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=67633152
62 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2048 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 24 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[dave@www.cndba.cn~]#
[dave@www.cndba.cn~]# e2label /dev/sda1 /boot
[dave@www.cndba.cn~]# e2label /dev/sda1
/boot
[dave@www.cndba.cn~]#
[dave@www.cndba.cn~]# fdisk /dev/sda
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): a
Partition number (1-4): 1
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[dave@www.cndba.cn~]# fdisk -l /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3916 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00086488
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 63 506016 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 64 3917 30944256 8e Linux LVM
[dave@www.cndba.cn~]#
[dave@www.cndba.cn~]# mount /dev/sda1 /boot
[dave@www.cndba.cn~]#
[dave@www.cndba.cn~]# df -lh
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_dave-lv_root
26G 3.0G 22G 12% /
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 479M 2.3M 452M 1% /boot
[dave@www.cndba.cn~]#
格式化后，新的分區(qū)UUID 和/etc/fstab中的會不同，通過blkid查看并修改fstab文件：https://www.cndba.cn/dave/article/3535
[dave@www.cndba.cn~]# blkid
/dev/mapper/vg_dave-lv_root: UUID="7af80925-1650-4b5c-9161-247f05f37923" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/loop0: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/sda1: LABEL="/boot" UUID="011a5170-18ef-4272-be35-bd7f1221c621" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda2: UUID="2K7Cna-zmCT-l1eX-mN6f-3p9Z-5b8j-0onbLN" TYPE="LVM2_member"
/dev/mapper/vg_dave-lv_swap: UUID="3d592f95-9ad6-41ef-8c53-f30ad47c475e" TYPE="swap"
[dave@www.cndba.cn~]#
[dave@www.cndba.cn~]# cat /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Tue Aug 13 16:23:52 2019
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/vg_dave-lv_root / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=011a5170-18ef-4272-be35-bd7f1221c621 /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
/dev/mapper/vg_dave-lv_swap swap swap defaults 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
[dave@www.cndba.cn~]#
[dave@www.cndba.cn~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[dave@www.cndba.cn~]# rpm -ivh /mnt/Packages/kernel-2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64.rpm --force
warning: /mnt/Packages/kernel-2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:kernel ########################################### [100%]
[dave@www.cndba.cn~]# grub-install /dev/sda
Probing devices to guess BIOS drives. This may take a long time.
Installation finished. No error reported.
This is the contents of the device map /boot/grub/device.map.
Check if this is correct or not. If any of the lines is incorrect,
fix it and re-run the script `grub-install'.
(fd0) /dev/fd0
(hd0) /dev/sda
(hd1) /dev/sdb
(hd2) /dev/sdc
[dave@www.cndba.cn~]#
同步grub：
[dave@www.cndba.cn~]# sync
我這里沒有保留/boot/grub/grub.conf 文件， 所有創(chuàng)建一個文件并添加內(nèi)容，也可以通過ISO鏡像來直接創(chuàng)建。https://www.cndba.cn/dave/article/3535
[dave@www.cndba.cngrub]# touch grub.conf
[dave@www.cndba.cngrub]# vim grub.conf
[dave@www.cndba.cngrub]# cat grub.conf
default=0
timeout=5
splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
hiddenmenu
title Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 (2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_dave-lv_root rd_LVM_LV=vg_dave/lv_root rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_LVM_LV=vg_dave/lv_swap rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=128M KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet
initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64.img
[dave@www.cndba.cngrub]#
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