簡介

python開發中存在2個版本： python2和python3，這2個版本有細微的不同，在OS上安裝2個版本并很好地管理各自的依賴包，并不是一個很好的事情。
再者，在團隊開發中，每個開發者的環境不同，對開發的各種影響也很折磨團隊。

在OS中管理python環境及依賴包，聰明的開發者已經提供了virtualenv和anaconda。

Anaconda使用conda來管理開發使用的依賴包，安裝后還提供圖形化的UI。

Anaconda在網站上介紹自己是python Data Science Platform，包含了超過1000的數據科學的包，可以方便地管理使用。

安裝

從Anaconda網站下載安裝包進行安裝，非常簡單。
安裝后，會在系統配置path中添加anaconda的執行文件所在目錄，然后就可以方便地使用conda命令了。

$ diff ~/.profile-anaconda2.bak ~/.profile 43,45d42 < < # added by Anaconda2 5.0.0 installer < export PATH="/Users/david/anaconda2/bin:$PATH"

命令使用

先創建一個Python2的環境，可以看到，Anaconda建立了一個獨立的python2的環境，包括python，pip等

$ conda create --name py2 python=2.7 Fetching package metadata ........... Solving package specifications: .Package plan for installation in environment /Users/david/anaconda2/envs/py2:The following NEW packages will be INSTALLED:ca-certificates: 2017.08.26-ha1e5d58_0 certifi: 2017.7.27.1-py27h482ffc0_0libcxx: 4.0.1-h579ed51_0 libcxxabi: 4.0.1-hebd6815_0 libedit: 3.1-hb4e282d_0 libffi: 3.2.1-hd939716_3 ncurses: 6.0-ha932d30_1 openssl: 1.0.2l-h57f3a61_2 pip: 9.0.1-py27h61def0c_3 python: 2.7.14-he768d2d_19 readline: 7.0-h81b24a6_3 setuptools: 36.5.0-py27h2a45cec_0 sqlite: 3.20.1-h900c3b0_1 tk: 8.6.7-hcdce994_1 wheel: 0.29.0-py27h84bd1c0_1 zlib: 1.2.11-h60db283_1 Proceed ([y]/n)? yca-certificate 100% |##################################################################################| Time: 0:00:00 396.39 kB/s libcxxabi-4.0. 100% |##################################################################################| Time: 0:00:00 3.06 MB/s tk-8.6.7-hcdce 100% |##################################################################################| Time: 0:00:01 2.20 MB/s zlib-1.2.11-h6 100% |##################################################################################| Time: 0:00:00 528.35 kB/s libcxx-4.0.1-h 100% |##################################################################################| Time: 0:00:00 2.62 MB/s openssl-1.0.2l 100% |##################################################################################| Time: 0:00:03 1.15 MB/s libffi-3.2.1-h 100% |##################################################################################| Time: 0:00:00 697.85 kB/s ncurses-6.0-ha 100% |##################################################################################| Time: 0:00:03 243.77 kB/s libedit-3.1-hb 100% |##################################################################################| Time: 0:00:00 157.53 kB/s readline-7.0-h 100% |##################################################################################| Time: 0:00:03 117.73 kB/s sqlite-3.20.1- 100% |##################################################################################| Time: 0:00:17 108.32 kB/s python-2.7.14- 100% |##################################################################################| Time: 0:02:10 79.49 kB/s certifi-2017.7 100% |##################################################################################| Time: 0:00:02 79.36 kB/s setuptools-36. 100% |##################################################################################| Time: 0:00:09 55.57 kB/s wheel-0.29.0-p 100% |##################################################################################| Time: 0:00:00 91.61 kB/s pip-9.0.1-py27 100% |##################################################################################| Time: 0:00:20 85.71 kB/s # # To activate this environment, use: # > source activate py2 # # To deactivate an active environment, use: # > source deactivate #

執行python命令，可以看到python2版本的信息。

• 激活一個環境

  使用命令source activate py2

• 釋放激活的環境

  使用命令 source deactivate

再創建一個Python3的環境，Anaconda會建立了一個獨立的python3的環境。

$ conda create --name py3 python=3 Fetching package metadata ........... Solving package specifications: .Package plan for installation in environment /Users/david/anaconda2/envs/py3:The following NEW packages will be INSTALLED:ca-certificates: 2017.08.26-ha1e5d58_0 certifi: 2017.7.27.1-py36hd973bb6_0libcxx: 4.0.1-h579ed51_0 libcxxabi: 4.0.1-hebd6815_0 libedit: 3.1-hb4e282d_0 libffi: 3.2.1-hd939716_3 ncurses: 6.0-ha932d30_1 openssl: 1.0.2l-h57f3a61_2 pip: 9.0.1-py36hbd95645_3 python: 3.6.3-h6804ab2_0 readline: 7.0-h81b24a6_3 setuptools: 36.5.0-py36h2134326_0 sqlite: 3.20.1-h900c3b0_1 tk: 8.6.7-hcdce994_1 wheel: 0.29.0-py36h3597b6d_1 xz: 5.2.3-ha24016e_1 zlib: 1.2.11-h60db283_1 Proceed ([y]/n)? xz-5.2.3-ha240 100% |##################################################################################| Time: 0:00:00 313.71 kB/s python-3.6.3-h 100% |##################################################################################| Time: 0:03:20 68.40 kB/s certifi-2017.7 100% |##################################################################################| Time: 0:00:02 96.14 kB/s setuptools-36. 100% |##################################################################################| Time: 0:00:08 63.90 kB/s wheel-0.29.0-p 100% |##################################################################################| Time: 0:00:01 54.94 kB/s pip-9.0.1-py36 100% |##################################################################################| Time: 0:00:52 33.39 kB/s # # To activate this environment, use: # > source activate py3 # # To deactivate an active environment, use: # > source deactivate #$ source activate py3 (py3) promote:conda_prj david$ python Python 3.6.3 |Anaconda, Inc.| (default, Oct 6 2017, 12:04:38) [GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Clang 4.0.1 (tags/RELEASE_401/final)] on darwin Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> (py3) promote:conda_prj david$ source deactivate promote:conda_prj david$ promote:conda_prj david$ source activate py2 (py2) promote:conda_prj david$ python Python 2.7.14 |Anaconda, Inc.| (default, Oct 5 2017, 02:28:52) [GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Clang 4.0.1 (tags/RELEASE_401/final)] on darwin Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> >>> (py2) promote:conda_prj david$ (py2) promote:conda_prj david$ source deactivate promote:conda_prj david$ promote:conda_prj david$

驗證python3的環境也成功。

Anaconda Navigation

如圖：

tensorflow 環境

$ conda create -n tensorflow python=3 Fetching package metadata ........... Solving package specifications: .Package plan for installation in environment /Users/david/anaconda2/envs/tensorflow:The following NEW packages will be INSTALLED:ca-certificates: 2017.08.26-ha1e5d58_0 certifi: 2017.7.27.1-py36hd973bb6_0libcxx: 4.0.1-h579ed51_0 libcxxabi: 4.0.1-hebd6815_0 libedit: 3.1-hb4e282d_0 libffi: 3.2.1-hd939716_3 ncurses: 6.0-ha932d30_1 openssl: 1.0.2l-h57f3a61_2 pip: 9.0.1-py36hbd95645_3 python: 3.6.3-h6804ab2_0 readline: 7.0-h81b24a6_3 setuptools: 36.5.0-py36h2134326_0 sqlite: 3.20.1-h900c3b0_1 tk: 8.6.7-hcdce994_1 wheel: 0.29.0-py36h3597b6d_1 xz: 5.2.3-ha24016e_1 zlib: 1.2.11-h60db283_1 Proceed ([y]/n)? # # To activate this environment, use: # > source activate tensorflow # # To deactivate an active environment, use: # > source deactivate #promote:conda_prj david$ source activate tensorflow (tensorflow) promote:conda_prj david$ pip install --ignore-installed tensorflow --upgrade Collecting tensorflowDownloading tensorflow-1.3.0-cp36-cp36m-macosx_10_11_x86_64.whl (39.8MB)100% |████████████████████████████████| 39.8MB 19kB/s Collecting tensorflow-tensorboard<0.2.0,>=0.1.0 (from tensorflow)Downloading tensorflow_tensorboard-0.1.8-py3-none-any.whl (1.6MB)100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.6MB 36kB/s Collecting six>=1.10.0 (from tensorflow)Using cached six-1.11.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting numpy>=1.11.0 (from tensorflow)Downloading numpy-1.13.3-cp36-cp36m-macosx_10_6_intel.macosx_10_9_intel.macosx_10_9_x86_64.macosx_10_10_intel.macosx_10_10_x86_64.whl (4.5MB)100% |████████████████████████████████| 4.6MB 23kB/s Collecting protobuf>=3.3.0 (from tensorflow)Downloading protobuf-3.4.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (375kB)100% |████████████████████████████████| 378kB 18kB/s Collecting wheel>=0.26 (from tensorflow)Downloading wheel-0.30.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (49kB)100% |████████████████████████████████| 51kB 9.5kB/s Collecting werkzeug>=0.11.10 (from tensorflow-tensorboard<0.2.0,>=0.1.0->tensorflow)Using cached Werkzeug-0.12.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting markdown>=2.6.8 (from tensorflow-tensorboard<0.2.0,>=0.1.0->tensorflow)Downloading Markdown-2.6.9.tar.gz (271kB)100% |████████████████████████████████| 276kB 26kB/s Collecting html5lib==0.9999999 (from tensorflow-tensorboard<0.2.0,>=0.1.0->tensorflow)Downloading html5lib-0.9999999.tar.gz (889kB)100% |████████████████████████████████| 890kB 27kB/s Collecting bleach==1.5.0 (from tensorflow-tensorboard<0.2.0,>=0.1.0->tensorflow)Downloading bleach-1.5.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting setuptools (from protobuf>=3.3.0->tensorflow)Using cached setuptools-36.5.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Building wheels for collected packages: markdown, html5libRunning setup.py bdist_wheel for markdown ... doneStored in directory: /Users/david/Library/Caches/pip/wheels/bf/46/10/c93e17ae86ae3b3a919c7b39dad3b5ccf09aeb066419e5c1e5Running setup.py bdist_wheel for html5lib ... doneStored in directory: /Users/david/Library/Caches/pip/wheels/6f/85/6c/56b8e1292c6214c4eb73b9dda50f53e8e977bf65989373c962 Successfully built markdown html5lib Installing collected packages: six, setuptools, protobuf, werkzeug, markdown, html5lib, numpy, bleach, wheel, tensorflow-tensorboard, tensorflow Successfully installed bleach-1.5.0 html5lib-0.9999999 markdown-2.6.9 numpy-1.13.3 protobuf-3.4.0 setuptools-36.5.0.post20170921 six-1.11.0 tensorflow-1.3.0 tensorflow-tensorboard-0.1.8 werkzeug-0.12.2 wheel-0.30.0 (tensorflow) promote:conda_prj david$

測試一下安裝的TensorFlow

$ python Python 3.6.3 |Anaconda, Inc.| (default, Oct 6 2017, 12:04:38) [GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Clang 4.0.1 (tags/RELEASE_401/final)] on darwin Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import tensorflow as tf >>> print(tf.__version__) 1.3.0

OK, tensorflow的環境安裝成功。

總結

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