mysql版本[root@zxl-nginx?~]#?mysql?-V

mysql??Ver?14.14?Distrib?5.6.28,?for?linux-glibc2.5?(x86_64)?using??EditLine?wrapper

一、mysqldump

mysqldump僅適用于數(shù)據(jù)集較小場景

用法：mysqldump?[options]?[db_name?[tbl_name?...]]

主要選項(xiàng)解釋：

--all-databases,?-A：備份所有數(shù)據(jù)庫

--databases,?-B：要備份的數(shù)據(jù)庫，可以同時(shí)備份多個，使用空格分隔

--flush-logs,?-F：備份前、請求到鎖之后滾動日志，要記錄下復(fù)制時(shí)的二進(jìn)制日志

--flush-privileges：通知數(shù)據(jù)庫重讀授權(quán)表

--host=host_name,?-h?host_name：要備份的數(shù)據(jù)庫的主機(jī)名，可以基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)備份

--lock-all-tables,?-x：請求鎖定所有表之后再備份，對MyISAM，InnoDB,Aria做溫備

--single-transaction：能夠?qū)nnoDB存儲引擎實(shí)現(xiàn)熱備

-u?usename?備份的用戶名

-p?password?登陸數(shù)據(jù)庫的密碼

--events:備份事件調(diào)度器代碼

--routines：備份存儲過程和存儲函數(shù)

--triggers：備份觸發(fā)器

--master-date={0|1|2}，0表示不記錄，1表示距離為change?master?語句，2表示記錄為注釋的change?master語句

二、創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫以及表并插入數(shù)據(jù)mysql>?create?database?zxl;

Query?OK,?1?row?affected?(0.00?sec)

mysql>?use?zxl

Database?changed

mysql>?CREATE?TABLE?`users`?(

->???`id`?bigint(20)?NOT?NULL?AUTO_INCREMENT,

->???`name`?varchar(255)?DEFAULT?NULL,

->???PRIMARY?KEY?(`id`)

->?)?ENGINE=InnoDB?AUTO_INCREMENT=7?DEFAULT?CHARSET=utf8;

Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.02?sec)

#這是創(chuàng)建表以及插入數(shù)據(jù)的示例，來自互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。。。#--?----------------------------

#--?Table?structure?for?users

#--?----------------------------

#DROP?TABLE?IF?EXISTS?`users`;

#CREATE?TABLE?`users`?(

#??`id`?bigint(20)?NOT?NULL?AUTO_INCREMENT,

#??`name`?varchar(255)?DEFAULT?NULL,

#??PRIMARY?KEY?(`id`)

#)?ENGINE=InnoDB?AUTO_INCREMENT=7?DEFAULT?CHARSET=utf8;

#

#--?----------------------------

#--?Records?of?users

#--?----------------------------

#INSERT?INTO?`users`?VALUES?('1',?'小明');

#INSERT?INTO?`users`?VALUES?('2',?'小虎');

#INSERT?INTO?`users`?VALUES?('3',?'小花');

#INSERT?INTO?`users`?VALUES?('4',?'小花');

#INSERT?INTO?`users`?VALUES?('5',?'小花');

#INSERT?INTO?`users`?VALUES?('6',?'小虎');

插入數(shù)據(jù)mysql>?INSERT?INTO?`users`?VALUES?('1',?'小明');

Query?OK,?1?row?affected?(0.00?sec)

mysql>?INSERT?INTO?`users`?VALUES?('2',?'小虎');

Query?OK,?1?row?affected?(0.00?sec)

mysql>?INSERT?INTO?`users`?VALUES?('3',?'小花');

Query?OK,?1?row?affected?(0.00?sec)

mysql>?INSERT?INTO?`users`?VALUES?('4',?'小花');

Query?OK,?1?row?affected?(0.00?sec)

mysql>?INSERT?INTO?`users`?VALUES?('5',?'小花');

Query?OK,?1?row?affected?(0.01?sec)

mysql>?INSERT?INTO?`users`?VALUES?('6',?'小虎');

Query?OK,?1?row?affected?(0.00?sec)

查看插入的數(shù)據(jù)mysql>?select?*?from?users;

+----+--------+

|?id?|?name???|

+----+--------+

|??1?|?小明???|

|??2?|?小虎???|

|??3?|?小花???|

|??4?|?小花???|

|??5?|?小花???|

|??6?|?小虎???|

+----+--------+

6?rows?in?set?(0.00?sec)

三、備份數(shù)據(jù)庫以及演示如何恢復(fù)[root@zxl-nginx?~]#?mysqldump?-uroot?-p123456?--databases?zxl?--single-transaction?--flush-logs?--master-data=2?>?/tmp/zxl_users.sql

Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

注：提示warning，因?yàn)?.6版本增加安全機(jī)制，不允許在命令行中出現(xiàn)密碼，具體沒研究，可以在my.cnf文件中加入[mysqldump]下加入用戶以及密碼就不會提示warning了。

備份數(shù)據(jù)庫之后，再次插入新的數(shù)據(jù)。mysql>?INSERT?INTO?`users`?VALUES?('7',?'bob');

Query?OK,?1?row?affected?(0.01?sec)

mysql>?INSERT?INTO?`users`?VALUES?('8',?'tom');

Query?OK,?1?row?affected?(0.00?sec)

mysql>?INSERT?INTO?`users`?VALUES?('9',?'lili');

Query?OK,?1?row?affected?(0.00?sec)

查看新插入的數(shù)據(jù)mysql>?select?*?from?users;

+----+--------+

|?id?|?name???|

+----+--------+

|??1?|?小明???|

|??2?|?小虎???|

|??3?|?小花???|

|??4?|?小花???|

|??5?|?小花???|

|??6?|?小虎???|

|??7?|?bob????|

|??8?|?tom????|

|??9?|?lili???|

+----+--------+

9?rows?in?set?(0.00?sec)

刪除數(shù)據(jù)庫zxlmysql>?drop?database?zxl;

Query?OK,?1?row?affected?(0.01?sec)

mysql>?show?databases;

+--------------------+

|?Database???????????|

+--------------------+

|?information_schema?|

|?mysql??????????????|

|?performance_schema?|

|?test???????????????|

+--------------------+

4?rows?in?set?(0.00?sec)

查看mysqldump備份的sql文件中的pos節(jié)點(diǎn)位置以及相應(yīng)的二進(jìn)制文件名

二進(jìn)制文件以及pos節(jié)點(diǎn)如下：

-- CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='master-bin.000060', MASTER_LOG_POS=120;

使用mysqlbiglog查看二進(jìn)制文件，刪除數(shù)據(jù)庫zxl的at位置是778[root@zxl-nginx?data]#?mysqlbinlog?master-bin.000060

#?at?778

#160120?14:25:42?server?id?1??end_log_pos?867?CRC32?0x014503a4?Querythread_id=44exec_time=0error_code=0

SET?TIMESTAMP=1453271142/*!*/;

drop?database?zxl

備份二進(jìn)制日志位置[root@zxl-nginx?~]#?mysqlbinlog?--start-position=120?--stop-position=778?/usr/local/mysql/data/master-bin.000060?>?/tmp/big_log.sql

恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)庫[root@zxl-nginx?~]#?mysql?-uroot?-p?

Enter?password:

查看恢復(fù)的數(shù)據(jù)庫

關(guān)閉二進(jìn)制日志mysql>?set?session?sql_log_bin=0;

Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.00?sec)

mysql>?show?databases;

+--------------------+

|?Database???????????|

+--------------------+

|?information_schema?|

|?mysql??????????????|

|?performance_schema?|

|?test???????????????|

|?zxl????????????????|

+--------------------+

5?rows?in?set?(0.00?sec)查看恢復(fù)的表

mysql>?use?zxl;

Reading?table?information?for?completion?of?table?and?column?names

You?can?turn?off?this?feature?to?get?a?quicker?startup?with?-A

Database?changed

mysql>?show?tables;

+---------------+

|?Tables_in_zxl?|

+---------------+

|?users?????????|

+---------------+

1?row?in?set?(0.00?sec)

mysql>?select?*?from?users;

+----+--------+

|?id?|?name???|

+----+--------+

|??1?|?小明???|

|??2?|?小虎???|

|??3?|?小花???|

|??4?|?小花???|

|??5?|?小花???|

|??6?|?小虎???|

+----+--------+

6?rows?in?set?(0.00?sec)

注：后增加的數(shù)據(jù)沒有恢復(fù)過來

恢復(fù)二進(jìn)制備份的big-log文件[root@zxl-nginx?~]#?mysql?-uroot?-p?

Enter?password:

再次查看users表mysql>?select?*?from?users;

+----+--------+

|?id?|?name???|

+----+--------+

|??1?|?小明???|

|??2?|?小虎???|

|??3?|?小花???|

|??4?|?小花???|

|??5?|?小花???|

|??6?|?小虎???|

|??7?|?bob????|

|??8?|?tom????|

|??9?|?lili???|

+----+--------+

9?rows?in?set?(0.00?sec)

開啟big-logmysql>?set?session?sql_log_bin=1;

Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.00?sec)

注：關(guān)閉不關(guān)閉二進(jìn)制只有不進(jìn)行任何操作即可不關(guān)閉，原因你懂的。

注：在實(shí)際恢復(fù)時(shí)最好編輯my.cnf配置文件，添加如下項(xiàng)：

skip-networking ? ?//跳過網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能來恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)

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