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DWR的学习文档(Hello World,类型转换,Spring,Annotation)
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DWR的学习文档(Hello World,类型转换,Spring,Annotation)
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來源:http://www.iteye.com/topic/40313
DWR是作為遠(yuǎn)程調(diào)用的ajax框架,將服務(wù)端的java類,方法和瀏覽器的javascript的類,方法對(duì)應(yīng)起來。現(xiàn)在官方最新的版本是DWR2.0,可以在http://getahead.ltd.uk/dwr/download下載到。
我們真對(duì)DWR2.0做一些例子講解一下它的特性:
Hello World:
新建一個(gè)web項(xiàng)目DWRStudy,在項(xiàng)目中構(gòu)建路徑中加入dwr.jar,
新建類Hello如下:
Java代碼
package org.li.dwr;
package org.li.dwr;
import java.util.Date;
public class Hello
{
public String getHelloWorld()
{
return "現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間為:"+new Date();
}
}
package org.li.dwr;
package org.li.dwr;
import java.util.Date;
public class Hello
{
public String getHelloWorld()
{
return "現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間為:"+new Date();
}
}
在WEB-INF目錄下新建dwr.xml文件:
Java代碼
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE dwr PUBLIC "-//GetAhead Limited//DTD Direct Web Remoting 2.0//EN" "http://www.getahead.ltd.uk/dwr/dwr20.dtd">
<dwr>
<allow>
<!-- javascript的對(duì)象是jshello,create="new"是DWR自己創(chuàng)建類 -->
<create javascript="jshello" creator="new" scope="application">
<param name="class" value="org.li.dwr.Hello"></param>
</create>
</allow>
</dwr>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE dwr PUBLIC "-//GetAhead Limited//DTD Direct Web Remoting 2.0//EN" "http://www.getahead.ltd.uk/dwr/dwr20.dtd">
<dwr>
<allow>
<!-- javascript的對(duì)象是jshello,create="new"是DWR自己創(chuàng)建類 -->
<create javascript="jshello" creator="new" scope="application">
<param name="class" value="org.li.dwr.Hello"></param>
</create>
</allow>
</dwr>
在WebRoot目錄里新建hello.js
Java代碼
function load()//載入的時(shí)候調(diào)用
{
var jbutton = document.getElementById("jbutton");
jbutton.onclick=function(event)//注冊按鈕點(diǎn)擊事件
{
jbClick();
};
}
function jbClick()//按鈕點(diǎn)擊事件
{
jshello.getHelloWorld(callback);//沒有參數(shù)傳遞,只傳遞回調(diào)函數(shù)就行
}
function callback(msg)//回調(diào)函數(shù)
{
DWRUtil.setValue('jdiv',msg);
}
function load()//載入的時(shí)候調(diào)用
{
var jbutton = document.getElementById("jbutton");
jbutton.onclick=function(event)//注冊按鈕點(diǎn)擊事件
{
jbClick();
};
}
function jbClick()//按鈕點(diǎn)擊事件
{
jshello.getHelloWorld(callback);//沒有參數(shù)傳遞,只傳遞回調(diào)函數(shù)就行
}
function callback(msg)//回調(diào)函數(shù)
{
DWRUtil.setValue('jdiv',msg);
}
在WebRoot目錄里新建HelloWorld.html
Java代碼
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>HelloWorld.html</title>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/interface/jshello.js'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/engine.js'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/util.js'></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="hello.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<input id="jbutton" type="button" value="得到Hello World"/>
<div id="jdiv"></div>
<script>load()</script>
</body>
</html>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>HelloWorld.html</title>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/interface/jshello.js'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/engine.js'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/util.js'></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="hello.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<input id="jbutton" type="button" value="得到Hello World"/>
<div id="jdiv"></div>
<script>load()</script>
</body>
</html>
在web.xml中加入一個(gè)dwr的servlet:
Java代碼
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dwr-invoker</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>
org.directwebremoting.servlet.DwrServlet
</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>debug</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dwr-invoker</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/dwr/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dwr-invoker</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>
org.directwebremoting.servlet.DwrServlet
</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>debug</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dwr-invoker</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/dwr/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
在運(yùn)行一下服務(wù)器在瀏覽器里輸入http://localhost:8080/DWRStudy/HelloWorld.html,然后點(diǎn)一下按鈕下面就會(huì)顯示服務(wù)端的系統(tǒng)時(shí)間了,而瀏覽器頁面并沒有被刷新。
下面解釋一下:
1. 新建的Hello類中有一個(gè)getHelloWorld方法這個(gè)方法就是作為遠(yuǎn)程調(diào)用的服務(wù)端方法,這個(gè)Hello類也就是遠(yuǎn)程調(diào)用的類。方法的返回值為服務(wù)端當(dāng)前的時(shí)間
2. dwr.xml是DWR用來配置服務(wù)端類和瀏覽器端javascript類之間的映射。可以下載dtd看一下,在<allow></allow>里類配置映射類如:<create javascript="jshello" creator="new" scope="application">
<param name="class" value="org.li.dwr.Hello"></param>
</create>
javascript="jshello"是在瀏覽器端的javascript的映射的類名,(不要用javascript里的關(guān)鍵字)creator="new"是表示這個(gè)類是dwr自己創(chuàng)建的,如果creator="new"那么就必須有下面的<param name=”class” value=”類的全路徑”></param>,creator還可為spring(與spring集成的時(shí)候),script(與apache的一個(gè)框架BSF集成的時(shí)候用),后來又加入了struts,jsf,ejb3.現(xiàn)在是個(gè)HelloWorld讓大家體驗(yàn)一下,具體后面會(huì)細(xì)講。最后的scope=”application”是說這個(gè)pojo類的范圍,和jsp是一樣的。
3. 創(chuàng)建hello.js和HelloWorld.html都是看自己是怎么發(fā)揮了,注意的是在HelloWorld.html中導(dǎo)入js文件的時(shí)候注意順序和路徑命名規(guī)律,自己發(fā)揮的這個(gè)hello.js一定放在后面,因?yàn)橐{(diào)用其它js文件中的函數(shù)。由于在HelloWorld.html里寫入了<script>load()</script>所以在html加載的時(shí)候會(huì)調(diào)用hello.js里的load方法(注意這幾個(gè)js文件里的函數(shù)最好不要重名)在load里面做的事情就是注冊一下id為jbutton的按鈕的點(diǎn)擊事件。當(dāng)我們點(diǎn)擊id為jbutton的按鈕的時(shí)候就開始用與服務(wù)器端的類相對(duì)應(yīng)的javascript類了(jshello),直接調(diào)用jshello類的getHelloWorld方法,可以向函數(shù)傳遞參數(shù),不過要在最后加一個(gè)回調(diào)函數(shù)。而我們的服務(wù)端的類沒有參數(shù)就直接傳回調(diào)函數(shù)了。在回調(diào)函數(shù)的形參msg是服務(wù)端Hello類中g(shù)etHelloWorld方法返回值。在回調(diào)函數(shù)里面調(diào)用了DWR的工具類DWRUtil類的setValue方法設(shè)置id為jdiv的值。另外我們把doucment.getElementById(“jbutton”);換與$(“jbutton”)也可以得到同樣的效果,這就有點(diǎn)像prototype了。
4. 在web.xml里加入DWRServlet的配置一是為了遠(yuǎn)程調(diào)用,二是自動(dòng)生成了<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/interface/jshello.js'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/engine.js'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/util.js'></script>文件。
上個(gè)HelloWorld例子只是返回了一個(gè)字符串,當(dāng)然我們顯示字符串很容易,可是如果返回一個(gè)對(duì)象怎么辦呢?,DWR為我們將java類和javascript的DOM對(duì)象,不過這得需要我們在dwr.xml里配置。
再看一個(gè)綜合的例子:
新建類User
Java代碼
package org.li.dwr;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Properties;
public class User
{
private String welcome;
private String username;
private String address;
private List<Book> books;
private int age;
public String getAddress()
{
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address)
{
this.address = address;
}
public int getAge()
{
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age)
{
this.age = age;
}
public String getUsername()
{
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username)
{
this.username = username;
}
public String getWelcome()
{
return welcome;
}
public void setWelcome(String welcome)
{
this.welcome = welcome;
}
public List<Book> getBooks()
{
return books;
}
public void setBooks(List<Book> books)
{
this.books = books;
}
public List<Book> getBook()
{
this.books = new ArrayList<Book>();
Book javaBook = new Book();
Book vcBook = new Book();
javaBook.setAuthor("孫鑫");
vcBook.setAuthor("孫鑫");
javaBook.setName("java Web開發(fā)詳解");
vcBook.setName("vc++深入詳解");
this.books.add(javaBook);
this.books.add(vcBook);
return this.books;
}
public User getUser(String welcome)
{
this.welcome=welcome;
try
{
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("D:\\workspace\\DWRStudy\\src\\user.properties");
Properties pp = new Properties();
pp.load(fis);
this.username=pp.getProperty("username");
this.age=Integer.valueOf(pp.getProperty("age"));
this.address=pp.getProperty("address");
fis.close();
}
catch (FileNotFoundException e)
{
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
catch (IOException e)
{
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return this;
}
}
package org.li.dwr;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Properties;
public class User
{
private String welcome;
private String username;
private String address;
private List<Book> books;
private int age;
public String getAddress()
{
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address)
{
this.address = address;
}
public int getAge()
{
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age)
{
this.age = age;
}
public String getUsername()
{
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username)
{
this.username = username;
}
public String getWelcome()
{
return welcome;
}
public void setWelcome(String welcome)
{
this.welcome = welcome;
}
public List<Book> getBooks()
{
return books;
}
public void setBooks(List<Book> books)
{
this.books = books;
}
public List<Book> getBook()
{
this.books = new ArrayList<Book>();
Book javaBook = new Book();
Book vcBook = new Book();
javaBook.setAuthor("孫鑫");
vcBook.setAuthor("孫鑫");
javaBook.setName("java Web開發(fā)詳解");
vcBook.setName("vc++深入詳解");
this.books.add(javaBook);
this.books.add(vcBook);
return this.books;
}
public User getUser(String welcome)
{
this.welcome=welcome;
try
{
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("D:\\workspace\\DWRStudy\\src\\user.properties");
Properties pp = new Properties();
pp.load(fis);
this.username=pp.getProperty("username");
this.age=Integer.valueOf(pp.getProperty("age"));
this.address=pp.getProperty("address");
fis.close();
}
catch (FileNotFoundException e)
{
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
catch (IOException e)
{
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return this;
}
}
新建Book類:
Java代碼
package org.li.dwr;
public class Book
{
private String name;
private String author;
public String getAuthor()
{
return author;
}
public void setAuthor(String author)
{
this.author = author;
}
public String getName()
{
return name;
}
public void setName(String name)
{
this.name = name;
}
}
package org.li.dwr;
public class Book
{
private String name;
private String author;
public String getAuthor()
{
return author;
}
public void setAuthor(String author)
{
this.author = author;
}
public String getName()
{
return name;
}
public void setName(String name)
{
this.name = name;
}
}
新建DWRLog類
Java代碼
package org.li.dwr.log;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import org.directwebremoting.AjaxFilterChain;
public class DWRLog implements org.directwebremoting.AjaxFilter
{
public Object doFilter(Object obj, Method method, Object[] params, AjaxFilterChain chain) throws Exception
{
System.out.println("過濾器Log輸出:..對(duì)象:"+obj.getClass().getName()+"方法:"+method.getName());
return chain.doFilter(obj, method,params);
}
}
package org.li.dwr.log;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import org.directwebremoting.AjaxFilterChain;
public class DWRLog implements org.directwebremoting.AjaxFilter
{
public Object doFilter(Object obj, Method method, Object[] params, AjaxFilterChain chain) throws Exception
{
System.out.println("過濾器Log輸出:..對(duì)象:"+obj.getClass().getName()+"方法:"+method.getName());
return chain.doFilter(obj, method,params);
}
}
新建D:\\workspace\\DWRStudy\\src\\user.properties
username=javafish
age=21
address=北京市海淀區(qū)
然后在dwr.xml里加入
Java代碼
<create javascript="jsuser" creator="new">
<param name="class" value="org.li.dwr.User"></param>
<!-- 過濾允許調(diào)用的方法 -->
<include method="getUser"/>
<include method="getBook"/>
<!-- 配置自己的過濾器 -->
<filter class="org.li.dwr.log.DWRLog"></filter>
</create>
<!-- 需要轉(zhuǎn)換的類 -->
<convert match="org.li.dwr.User" converter="bean"></convert>
<convert match="org.li.dwr.Book" converter="bean"></convert>
<create javascript="jsuser" creator="new">
<param name="class" value="org.li.dwr.User"></param>
<!-- 過濾允許調(diào)用的方法 -->
<include method="getUser"/>
<include method="getBook"/>
<!-- 配置自己的過濾器 -->
<filter class="org.li.dwr.log.DWRLog"></filter>
</create>
<!-- 需要轉(zhuǎn)換的類 -->
<convert match="org.li.dwr.User" converter="bean"></convert>
<convert match="org.li.dwr.Book" converter="bean"></convert>
新建UserInfo.html
Java代碼
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>UserInfo.html</title>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/interface/jsuser.js'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/engine.js'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/util.js'></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="userInfo.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
請輸入你的名字:
<input id="name" type="text"/>
<input id="jbutton" type="button" value="得到j(luò)avafish的信息"/>
<input id="sbutton" type="button" value="得到j(luò)avafish的書"/>
<div id="result"></div>
<script>load()</script>
</body>
</html>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>UserInfo.html</title>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/interface/jsuser.js'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/engine.js'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/util.js'></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="userInfo.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
請輸入你的名字:
<input id="name" type="text"/>
<input id="jbutton" type="button" value="得到j(luò)avafish的信息"/>
<input id="sbutton" type="button" value="得到j(luò)avafish的書"/>
<div id="result"></div>
<script>load()</script>
</body>
</html>
新建userInfo.js
Java代碼
function load()
{
var jbutton = $("jbutton");
jbutton.onclick=function(event)
{
bOnClick();
};
var sbutton = $("sbutton");
sbutton.onclick=function(event)
{
sOnClick();
};
}
function bOnClick()
{
jsuser.getUser($("name").value,callback);
}
function callback(msg)
{
var user = msg;
DWRUtil.setValue('result',"歡迎你!"+user.welcome+" 姓名:"+user.username+",年齡:"+user.age+",住址:"+user.address+user.books[0].author);
}
function sOnClick()
{
jsuser.getBook(callbackBooks);
}
function callbackBooks(msg)
{
alert(msg);
DWRUtil.setValue('result',msg);
}
function load()
{
var jbutton = $("jbutton");
jbutton.onclick=function(event)
{
bOnClick();
};
var sbutton = $("sbutton");
sbutton.onclick=function(event)
{
sOnClick();
};
}
function bOnClick()
{
jsuser.getUser($("name").value,callback);
}
function callback(msg)
{
var user = msg;
DWRUtil.setValue('result',"歡迎你!"+user.welcome+" 姓名:"+user.username+",年齡:"+user.age+",住址:"+user.address+user.books[0].author);
}
function sOnClick()
{
jsuser.getBook(callbackBooks);
}
function callbackBooks(msg)
{
alert(msg);
DWRUtil.setValue('result',msg);
}
運(yùn)行服務(wù)器輸入http://localhost:8080/DWRStudy/UserInfo.html,可看到運(yùn)行結(jié)果
這個(gè)例子需要解釋的就是dwr.xml了
在這里用到了兩個(gè)java類,User、Book,方法呢就是User.getUser和User.getBook,而Book類呢由于我們沒有在javascript中調(diào)用,所以就不用配置Book的create了。
大家可能會(huì)奇怪為什么會(huì)多出來兩個(gè)<convert match="org.li.dwr.User" converter="bean"></convert>
<convert match="org.li.dwr.Book" converter="bean"></convert>
呢,是因?yàn)樵谡{(diào)用getBook和getUser的時(shí)候會(huì)返回給javascript有關(guān)User和Book的對(duì)象或數(shù)據(jù),這里的用<convert match=”類” converter=”bean”/>做一下轉(zhuǎn)換,否則javascript將不會(huì)得到有效的數(shù)據(jù)。
下面討論一下DWR的安全性,由于我們將javaBean整體都對(duì)外暴露了,所以說會(huì)有非常多的安全問題,真對(duì)這些DWR也作了一些的措施就是上面例子中dwr.xml的配置:
<include method="getUser"/>
<include method="getBook"/>
<filter class="org.li.dwr.log.DWRLog"></filter>
這樣配置的話就只暴露了User類的兩個(gè)方法getUser,getBook。就相對(duì)安全多了,相反還有<exclude>的配置它們是類似的。對(duì)于安全我們也可以用DWR的過濾器來實(shí)現(xiàn),這里我用過濾器實(shí)現(xiàn)的是一個(gè)日志記錄。過濾器類只需要實(shí)現(xiàn)AjaxFilter接口就可以了,不過注意的是這個(gè)過濾器不是HttpServelt的過濾器而是DWR自己內(nèi)部實(shí)現(xiàn)的(有興趣可以查看一下源代碼)。
真對(duì)DWR的安全性上來說,官方也不敢保證,官方只是說自己可以看一下源代碼因地施宜。
不過DWR可以和acegi集成,讓acegi來管理安全問題。由于acegi我還沒有完全搞定關(guān)于DWR和acegi的集成,先放一放日后補(bǔ)充。
下面對(duì)DWR.xml的配置具體補(bǔ)充一下:
首先是<init></init>里面有<converter>和<create>是配置在初始化的時(shí)候需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建和轉(zhuǎn)化的類。
然后是<allow></allow>里面有<converter>和<create>這個(gè)地方就是正式的配置了,creator里有param,filter,include,exclude,auth,除了auth我們都接觸過了,而auth是集成J2EE的安全認(rèn)證用的,這個(gè)可能和acegi的集成有關(guān)吧(?)。<converter>呢,它的converter有很多
? Array Converter
? Bean and Object Converters
? Collection Converter
? Enum Converter
? DOM Objects
這些都是轉(zhuǎn)換的時(shí)候配置的
還有就是<signatures></signatures>的配置了,申明一些不java用反射不可得到的參數(shù)類型。
我在上面例子上用的getBook來本來想用signatures實(shí)現(xiàn)List<Book>的轉(zhuǎn)換可是沒有成功(不用配置就可以)
主要是真對(duì)jdk1.4以下的,我本機(jī)用的是jdk6,所以屢試不爽最后在官方DWR2的特性中看到如果你用的是DWR2和JDK5以上的話就不用配置了DWR會(huì)自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換。
下面講一下DWR與Spring的集成:
還是上面那個(gè)例子用Spring搞定大部分和上面一樣
新建類User(包換了)
Java代碼
package org.li.dwr.spring;
import java.util.List;
import org.li.dwr.Book;
public class User
{
private String welcome;
private String username;
private String address;
private List<Book> books;
private int age;
public String getAddress()
{
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address)
{
this.address = address;
}
public int getAge()
{
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age)
{
this.age = age;
}
public String getUsername()
{
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username)
{
this.username = username;
}
public String getWelcome()
{
return welcome;
}
public void setWelcome(String welcome)
{
this.welcome = welcome;
}
public List<Book> getBooks()
{
return books;
}
public void setBooks(List<Book> books)
{
this.books = books;
}
public User getUser(String welcome)
{
this.welcome=welcome;
return this;
}
}
package org.li.dwr.spring;
import java.util.List;
import org.li.dwr.Book;
public class User
{
private String welcome;
private String username;
private String address;
private List<Book> books;
private int age;
public String getAddress()
{
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address)
{
this.address = address;
}
public int getAge()
{
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age)
{
this.age = age;
}
public String getUsername()
{
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username)
{
this.username = username;
}
public String getWelcome()
{
return welcome;
}
public void setWelcome(String welcome)
{
this.welcome = welcome;
}
public List<Book> getBooks()
{
return books;
}
public void setBooks(List<Book> books)
{
this.books = books;
}
public User getUser(String welcome)
{
this.welcome=welcome;
return this;
}
}
Book還是以前那個(gè)
在src下新建application.xml文件(spring的配置文件)
Java代碼
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
<beans>
<bean id="user" class="org.li.dwr.spring.User">
<property name="username">
<value>javafish</value>
</property>
<property name="age">
<value>21</value>
</property>
<property name="address">
<value>北京市海淀區(qū)</value>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
<beans>
<bean id="user" class="org.li.dwr.spring.User">
<property name="username">
<value>javafish</value>
</property>
<property name="age">
<value>21</value>
</property>
<property name="address">
<value>北京市海淀區(qū)</value>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
在dwr.xml加入:
Java代碼
<create javascript="springUser" creator="spring">
<param name="beanName" value="user"></param>
<!-- 指定Spring配置文件的位置,如果沒設(shè)置DWR會(huì)根據(jù)web.xml找到主配置文件,不過速度上就慢了 -->
<param name="location" value="applicationContext.xml"></param>
</create><convert match="org.li.dwr.spring.User" converter="bean"></convert>
<create javascript="springUser" creator="spring">
<param name="beanName" value="user"></param>
<!-- 指定Spring配置文件的位置,如果沒設(shè)置DWR會(huì)根據(jù)web.xml找到主配置文件,不過速度上就慢了 -->
<param name="location" value="applicationContext.xml"></param>
</create><convert match="org.li.dwr.spring.User" converter="bean"></convert>
新建springUserInfo.html
Java代碼
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>UserInfo.html</title>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/interface/springUser.js'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/engine.js'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/util.js'></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="springuserInfo.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
請輸入你的名字:
<input id="name" type="text"/>
<input id="jbutton" type="button" value="得到j(luò)avafish(spring)的信息"/>
<div id="result"></div>
<script>load()</script>
</body>
</html>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>UserInfo.html</title>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/interface/springUser.js'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/engine.js'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/util.js'></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="springuserInfo.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
請輸入你的名字:
<input id="name" type="text"/>
<input id="jbutton" type="button" value="得到j(luò)avafish(spring)的信息"/>
<div id="result"></div>
<script>load()</script>
</body>
</html>
新建springUserInfo.js
Java代碼
function load()
{
var jbutton = $("jbutton");
jbutton.onclick=function(event)
{
bOnClick();
};
var sbutton = $("sbutton");
sbutton.onclick=function(event)
{
sOnClick();
};
}
function bOnClick()
{
springUser.getUser($("name").value,callback);
}
function callback(msg)
{
var user = msg;
DWRUtil.setValue('result',"歡迎你!"+user.welcome+" 姓名:"+user.username+",年齡:"+user.age+",住址:"+user.address);
}
function load()
{
var jbutton = $("jbutton");
jbutton.onclick=function(event)
{
bOnClick();
};
var sbutton = $("sbutton");
sbutton.onclick=function(event)
{
sOnClick();
};
}
function bOnClick()
{
springUser.getUser($("name").value,callback);
}
function callback(msg)
{
var user = msg;
DWRUtil.setValue('result',"歡迎你!"+user.welcome+" 姓名:"+user.username+",年齡:"+user.age+",住址:"+user.address);
}
在web.xml中加入
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>
org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
</listener-class>
</listener>
運(yùn)行服務(wù)器輸入http://localhost:8080/DWRStudy/springUserInfo.html,可以看到運(yùn)行結(jié)果
主要的區(qū)別是dwr.xml的配置,需要在creator=spring,然后里面的<param>的name用beanName,值是spring的配置文件里的bean的id。Name=location是指定spring的配置文件的路徑(如果不指定DWR可以根據(jù)web.xml自動(dòng)找到spring的主配置文件)。
DWR的Annotation配置
還是上面spring那個(gè)例子的功能再來一遍(new 的配置太簡單),這樣的話項(xiàng)目中的dwr.xml對(duì)于這個(gè)例子就沒有作用了
新建User類(包名換了)
Java代碼
package org.li.dwr.spring.annotation;
import java.util.List;
import org.directwebremoting.annotations.Convert;
import org.directwebremoting.annotations.Create;
import org.directwebremoting.annotations.Param;
import org.directwebremoting.annotations.RemoteMethod;
import org.directwebremoting.annotations.RemoteProperty;
import org.directwebremoting.convert.BeanConverter;
import org.directwebremoting.spring.SpringCreator;
import org.li.dwr.Book;
@Create(creator=SpringCreator.class,name="anspringuser",creatorParams={@Param(name="beanName",value="anuser"),@Param(name="location",value="applicationContext.xml")})
@Convert(converter=BeanConverter.class)
public class User
{
private String welcome;
private String username;
@RemoteProperty
private String address;
private List<Book> books;
private int age;
public String getAddress()
{
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address)
{
this.address = address;
}
public int getAge()
{
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age)
{
this.age = age;
}
public String getUsername()
{
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username)
{
this.username = username;
}
public String getWelcome()
{
return welcome;
}
public void setWelcome(String welcome)
{
this.welcome = welcome;
}
public List<Book> getBooks()
{
return books;
}
public void setBooks(List<Book> books)
{
this.books = books;
}
@RemoteMethod
public User getUser(String welcome)
{
this.welcome=welcome;
return this;
}
}
package org.li.dwr.spring.annotation;
import java.util.List;
import org.directwebremoting.annotations.Convert;
import org.directwebremoting.annotations.Create;
import org.directwebremoting.annotations.Param;
import org.directwebremoting.annotations.RemoteMethod;
import org.directwebremoting.annotations.RemoteProperty;
import org.directwebremoting.convert.BeanConverter;
import org.directwebremoting.spring.SpringCreator;
import org.li.dwr.Book;
@Create(creator=SpringCreator.class,name="anspringuser",creatorParams={@Param(name="beanName",value="anuser"),@Param(name="location",value="applicationContext.xml")})
@Convert(converter=BeanConverter.class)
public class User
{
private String welcome;
private String username;
@RemoteProperty
private String address;
private List<Book> books;
private int age;
public String getAddress()
{
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address)
{
this.address = address;
}
public int getAge()
{
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age)
{
this.age = age;
}
public String getUsername()
{
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username)
{
this.username = username;
}
public String getWelcome()
{
return welcome;
}
public void setWelcome(String welcome)
{
this.welcome = welcome;
}
public List<Book> getBooks()
{
return books;
}
public void setBooks(List<Book> books)
{
this.books = books;
}
@RemoteMethod
public User getUser(String welcome)
{
this.welcome=welcome;
return this;
}
}
新建過濾器類DWRAnLog
Java代碼
package org.li.dwr.log.annotation;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import org.directwebremoting.AjaxFilter;
import org.directwebremoting.AjaxFilterChain;
import org.directwebremoting.annotations.Filter;
import org.directwebremoting.filter.SpringTransactionAjaxFilter;
@Filter(type=SpringTransactionAjaxFilter.class)
public class DWRAnLog implements AjaxFilter
{
public Object doFilter(Object obj, Method method, Object[] params, AjaxFilterChain chain) throws Exception
{
System.out.println("annotation過濾器Log輸出:..對(duì)象:"+obj.getClass().getName()+"方法:"+method.getName());
return chain.doFilter(obj, method, params);
}
}
package org.li.dwr.log.annotation;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import org.directwebremoting.AjaxFilter;
import org.directwebremoting.AjaxFilterChain;
import org.directwebremoting.annotations.Filter;
import org.directwebremoting.filter.SpringTransactionAjaxFilter;
@Filter(type=SpringTransactionAjaxFilter.class)
public class DWRAnLog implements AjaxFilter
{
public Object doFilter(Object obj, Method method, Object[] params, AjaxFilterChain chain) throws Exception
{
System.out.println("annotation過濾器Log輸出:..對(duì)象:"+obj.getClass().getName()+"方法:"+method.getName());
return chain.doFilter(obj, method, params);
}
}
在spring的applicationContext.xml里加入
Java代碼
<bean id="anuser" class="org.li.dwr.spring.annotation.User">
<property name="username">
<value>javafish</value>
</property>
<property name="age">
<value>21</value>
</property>
<property name="address">
<value>北京市海淀區(qū)</value>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="anuser" class="org.li.dwr.spring.annotation.User">
<property name="username">
<value>javafish</value>
</property>
<property name="age">
<value>21</value>
</property>
<property name="address">
<value>北京市海淀區(qū)</value>
</property>
</bean>
新建AnSpringUserInfoHtml.html
Java代碼
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>UserInfo.html</title>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/interface/anspringuser.js'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/engine.js'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/util.js'></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="anspringuserInfo.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
請輸入你的名字:
<input id="name" type="text"/>
<input id="jbutton" type="button" value="得到j(luò)avafish(spring)的信息"/>
<div id="result"></div>
<script>load()</script>
</body>
</html>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>UserInfo.html</title>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/interface/anspringuser.js'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/engine.js'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/util.js'></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="anspringuserInfo.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
請輸入你的名字:
<input id="name" type="text"/>
<input id="jbutton" type="button" value="得到j(luò)avafish(spring)的信息"/>
<div id="result"></div>
<script>load()</script>
</body>
</html>
新建anspringuserInfo.js
Java代碼
function load()
{
var jbutton = $("jbutton");
jbutton.onclick=function(event)
{
bOnClick();
};
}
function bOnClick()
{
alert("haha");
anspringuser.getUser($("name").value,callback);
}
function callback(msg)
{
var user = msg;
DWRUtil.setValue('result',"歡迎你!"+user.welcome+" 姓名:"+user.username+",年齡:"+user.age+",住址:"+user.address);
}
function load()
{
var jbutton = $("jbutton");
jbutton.onclick=function(event)
{
bOnClick();
};
}
function bOnClick()
{
alert("haha");
anspringuser.getUser($("name").value,callback);
}
function callback(msg)
{
var user = msg;
DWRUtil.setValue('result',"歡迎你!"+user.welcome+" 姓名:"+user.username+",年齡:"+user.age+",住址:"+user.address);
}
在web.xml中
的DWR的servlet的初始化參數(shù)里加入
Java代碼
<init-param>
<param-name>classes</param-name>
<param-value>
org.li.dwr.log.annotation.DWRAnLog,org.li.dwr.spring.annotation.User
</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>classes</param-name>
<param-value>
org.li.dwr.log.annotation.DWRAnLog,org.li.dwr.spring.annotation.User
</param-value>
</init-param>
運(yùn)行服務(wù)器輸入http://localhost:8080/DWRStudy/AnSpringUserInfo.html,成功了
用Annotation的配置和dwr.xml的意思基本一樣,這里就不多做介紹了。
Util.js的函數(shù)庫
$()和prototype.js一樣相當(dāng)于document.getElementById
(Set)getValue()(設(shè)置)得到元素的值一般是(設(shè)置)得到元素的innerHTML。
getText()得到元素的文本值
(set)getValues()(設(shè)置)得到元素下的元素,以array為對(duì)象載體。
這里都是一些最常用的函數(shù),具體可以看一下util.js文件。
DWR是作為遠(yuǎn)程調(diào)用的ajax框架,將服務(wù)端的java類,方法和瀏覽器的javascript的類,方法對(duì)應(yīng)起來。現(xiàn)在官方最新的版本是DWR2.0,可以在http://getahead.ltd.uk/dwr/download下載到。
我們真對(duì)DWR2.0做一些例子講解一下它的特性:
Hello World:
新建一個(gè)web項(xiàng)目DWRStudy,在項(xiàng)目中構(gòu)建路徑中加入dwr.jar,
新建類Hello如下:
Java代碼
package org.li.dwr;
package org.li.dwr;
import java.util.Date;
public class Hello
{
public String getHelloWorld()
{
return "現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間為:"+new Date();
}
}
package org.li.dwr;
package org.li.dwr;
import java.util.Date;
public class Hello
{
public String getHelloWorld()
{
return "現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間為:"+new Date();
}
}
在WEB-INF目錄下新建dwr.xml文件:
Java代碼
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE dwr PUBLIC "-//GetAhead Limited//DTD Direct Web Remoting 2.0//EN" "http://www.getahead.ltd.uk/dwr/dwr20.dtd">
<dwr>
<allow>
<!-- javascript的對(duì)象是jshello,create="new"是DWR自己創(chuàng)建類 -->
<create javascript="jshello" creator="new" scope="application">
<param name="class" value="org.li.dwr.Hello"></param>
</create>
</allow>
</dwr>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE dwr PUBLIC "-//GetAhead Limited//DTD Direct Web Remoting 2.0//EN" "http://www.getahead.ltd.uk/dwr/dwr20.dtd">
<dwr>
<allow>
<!-- javascript的對(duì)象是jshello,create="new"是DWR自己創(chuàng)建類 -->
<create javascript="jshello" creator="new" scope="application">
<param name="class" value="org.li.dwr.Hello"></param>
</create>
</allow>
</dwr>
在WebRoot目錄里新建hello.js
Java代碼
function load()//載入的時(shí)候調(diào)用
{
var jbutton = document.getElementById("jbutton");
jbutton.onclick=function(event)//注冊按鈕點(diǎn)擊事件
{
jbClick();
};
}
function jbClick()//按鈕點(diǎn)擊事件
{
jshello.getHelloWorld(callback);//沒有參數(shù)傳遞,只傳遞回調(diào)函數(shù)就行
}
function callback(msg)//回調(diào)函數(shù)
{
DWRUtil.setValue('jdiv',msg);
}
function load()//載入的時(shí)候調(diào)用
{
var jbutton = document.getElementById("jbutton");
jbutton.onclick=function(event)//注冊按鈕點(diǎn)擊事件
{
jbClick();
};
}
function jbClick()//按鈕點(diǎn)擊事件
{
jshello.getHelloWorld(callback);//沒有參數(shù)傳遞,只傳遞回調(diào)函數(shù)就行
}
function callback(msg)//回調(diào)函數(shù)
{
DWRUtil.setValue('jdiv',msg);
}
在WebRoot目錄里新建HelloWorld.html
Java代碼
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>HelloWorld.html</title>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/interface/jshello.js'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/engine.js'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/util.js'></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="hello.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<input id="jbutton" type="button" value="得到Hello World"/>
<div id="jdiv"></div>
<script>load()</script>
</body>
</html>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>HelloWorld.html</title>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/interface/jshello.js'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/engine.js'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/util.js'></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="hello.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<input id="jbutton" type="button" value="得到Hello World"/>
<div id="jdiv"></div>
<script>load()</script>
</body>
</html>
在web.xml中加入一個(gè)dwr的servlet:
Java代碼
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dwr-invoker</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>
org.directwebremoting.servlet.DwrServlet
</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>debug</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dwr-invoker</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/dwr/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dwr-invoker</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>
org.directwebremoting.servlet.DwrServlet
</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>debug</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dwr-invoker</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/dwr/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
在運(yùn)行一下服務(wù)器在瀏覽器里輸入http://localhost:8080/DWRStudy/HelloWorld.html,然后點(diǎn)一下按鈕下面就會(huì)顯示服務(wù)端的系統(tǒng)時(shí)間了,而瀏覽器頁面并沒有被刷新。
下面解釋一下:
1. 新建的Hello類中有一個(gè)getHelloWorld方法這個(gè)方法就是作為遠(yuǎn)程調(diào)用的服務(wù)端方法,這個(gè)Hello類也就是遠(yuǎn)程調(diào)用的類。方法的返回值為服務(wù)端當(dāng)前的時(shí)間
2. dwr.xml是DWR用來配置服務(wù)端類和瀏覽器端javascript類之間的映射。可以下載dtd看一下,在<allow></allow>里類配置映射類如:<create javascript="jshello" creator="new" scope="application">
<param name="class" value="org.li.dwr.Hello"></param>
</create>
javascript="jshello"是在瀏覽器端的javascript的映射的類名,(不要用javascript里的關(guān)鍵字)creator="new"是表示這個(gè)類是dwr自己創(chuàng)建的,如果creator="new"那么就必須有下面的<param name=”class” value=”類的全路徑”></param>,creator還可為spring(與spring集成的時(shí)候),script(與apache的一個(gè)框架BSF集成的時(shí)候用),后來又加入了struts,jsf,ejb3.現(xiàn)在是個(gè)HelloWorld讓大家體驗(yàn)一下,具體后面會(huì)細(xì)講。最后的scope=”application”是說這個(gè)pojo類的范圍,和jsp是一樣的。
3. 創(chuàng)建hello.js和HelloWorld.html都是看自己是怎么發(fā)揮了,注意的是在HelloWorld.html中導(dǎo)入js文件的時(shí)候注意順序和路徑命名規(guī)律,自己發(fā)揮的這個(gè)hello.js一定放在后面,因?yàn)橐{(diào)用其它js文件中的函數(shù)。由于在HelloWorld.html里寫入了<script>load()</script>所以在html加載的時(shí)候會(huì)調(diào)用hello.js里的load方法(注意這幾個(gè)js文件里的函數(shù)最好不要重名)在load里面做的事情就是注冊一下id為jbutton的按鈕的點(diǎn)擊事件。當(dāng)我們點(diǎn)擊id為jbutton的按鈕的時(shí)候就開始用與服務(wù)器端的類相對(duì)應(yīng)的javascript類了(jshello),直接調(diào)用jshello類的getHelloWorld方法,可以向函數(shù)傳遞參數(shù),不過要在最后加一個(gè)回調(diào)函數(shù)。而我們的服務(wù)端的類沒有參數(shù)就直接傳回調(diào)函數(shù)了。在回調(diào)函數(shù)的形參msg是服務(wù)端Hello類中g(shù)etHelloWorld方法返回值。在回調(diào)函數(shù)里面調(diào)用了DWR的工具類DWRUtil類的setValue方法設(shè)置id為jdiv的值。另外我們把doucment.getElementById(“jbutton”);換與$(“jbutton”)也可以得到同樣的效果,這就有點(diǎn)像prototype了。
4. 在web.xml里加入DWRServlet的配置一是為了遠(yuǎn)程調(diào)用,二是自動(dòng)生成了<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/interface/jshello.js'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/engine.js'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/util.js'></script>文件。
上個(gè)HelloWorld例子只是返回了一個(gè)字符串,當(dāng)然我們顯示字符串很容易,可是如果返回一個(gè)對(duì)象怎么辦呢?,DWR為我們將java類和javascript的DOM對(duì)象,不過這得需要我們在dwr.xml里配置。
再看一個(gè)綜合的例子:
新建類User
Java代碼
package org.li.dwr;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Properties;
public class User
{
private String welcome;
private String username;
private String address;
private List<Book> books;
private int age;
public String getAddress()
{
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address)
{
this.address = address;
}
public int getAge()
{
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age)
{
this.age = age;
}
public String getUsername()
{
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username)
{
this.username = username;
}
public String getWelcome()
{
return welcome;
}
public void setWelcome(String welcome)
{
this.welcome = welcome;
}
public List<Book> getBooks()
{
return books;
}
public void setBooks(List<Book> books)
{
this.books = books;
}
public List<Book> getBook()
{
this.books = new ArrayList<Book>();
Book javaBook = new Book();
Book vcBook = new Book();
javaBook.setAuthor("孫鑫");
vcBook.setAuthor("孫鑫");
javaBook.setName("java Web開發(fā)詳解");
vcBook.setName("vc++深入詳解");
this.books.add(javaBook);
this.books.add(vcBook);
return this.books;
}
public User getUser(String welcome)
{
this.welcome=welcome;
try
{
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("D:\\workspace\\DWRStudy\\src\\user.properties");
Properties pp = new Properties();
pp.load(fis);
this.username=pp.getProperty("username");
this.age=Integer.valueOf(pp.getProperty("age"));
this.address=pp.getProperty("address");
fis.close();
}
catch (FileNotFoundException e)
{
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
catch (IOException e)
{
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return this;
}
}
package org.li.dwr;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Properties;
public class User
{
private String welcome;
private String username;
private String address;
private List<Book> books;
private int age;
public String getAddress()
{
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address)
{
this.address = address;
}
public int getAge()
{
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age)
{
this.age = age;
}
public String getUsername()
{
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username)
{
this.username = username;
}
public String getWelcome()
{
return welcome;
}
public void setWelcome(String welcome)
{
this.welcome = welcome;
}
public List<Book> getBooks()
{
return books;
}
public void setBooks(List<Book> books)
{
this.books = books;
}
public List<Book> getBook()
{
this.books = new ArrayList<Book>();
Book javaBook = new Book();
Book vcBook = new Book();
javaBook.setAuthor("孫鑫");
vcBook.setAuthor("孫鑫");
javaBook.setName("java Web開發(fā)詳解");
vcBook.setName("vc++深入詳解");
this.books.add(javaBook);
this.books.add(vcBook);
return this.books;
}
public User getUser(String welcome)
{
this.welcome=welcome;
try
{
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("D:\\workspace\\DWRStudy\\src\\user.properties");
Properties pp = new Properties();
pp.load(fis);
this.username=pp.getProperty("username");
this.age=Integer.valueOf(pp.getProperty("age"));
this.address=pp.getProperty("address");
fis.close();
}
catch (FileNotFoundException e)
{
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
catch (IOException e)
{
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return this;
}
}
新建Book類:
Java代碼
package org.li.dwr;
public class Book
{
private String name;
private String author;
public String getAuthor()
{
return author;
}
public void setAuthor(String author)
{
this.author = author;
}
public String getName()
{
return name;
}
public void setName(String name)
{
this.name = name;
}
}
package org.li.dwr;
public class Book
{
private String name;
private String author;
public String getAuthor()
{
return author;
}
public void setAuthor(String author)
{
this.author = author;
}
public String getName()
{
return name;
}
public void setName(String name)
{
this.name = name;
}
}
新建DWRLog類
Java代碼
package org.li.dwr.log;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import org.directwebremoting.AjaxFilterChain;
public class DWRLog implements org.directwebremoting.AjaxFilter
{
public Object doFilter(Object obj, Method method, Object[] params, AjaxFilterChain chain) throws Exception
{
System.out.println("過濾器Log輸出:..對(duì)象:"+obj.getClass().getName()+"方法:"+method.getName());
return chain.doFilter(obj, method,params);
}
}
package org.li.dwr.log;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import org.directwebremoting.AjaxFilterChain;
public class DWRLog implements org.directwebremoting.AjaxFilter
{
public Object doFilter(Object obj, Method method, Object[] params, AjaxFilterChain chain) throws Exception
{
System.out.println("過濾器Log輸出:..對(duì)象:"+obj.getClass().getName()+"方法:"+method.getName());
return chain.doFilter(obj, method,params);
}
}
新建D:\\workspace\\DWRStudy\\src\\user.properties
username=javafish
age=21
address=北京市海淀區(qū)
然后在dwr.xml里加入
Java代碼
<create javascript="jsuser" creator="new">
<param name="class" value="org.li.dwr.User"></param>
<!-- 過濾允許調(diào)用的方法 -->
<include method="getUser"/>
<include method="getBook"/>
<!-- 配置自己的過濾器 -->
<filter class="org.li.dwr.log.DWRLog"></filter>
</create>
<!-- 需要轉(zhuǎn)換的類 -->
<convert match="org.li.dwr.User" converter="bean"></convert>
<convert match="org.li.dwr.Book" converter="bean"></convert>
<create javascript="jsuser" creator="new">
<param name="class" value="org.li.dwr.User"></param>
<!-- 過濾允許調(diào)用的方法 -->
<include method="getUser"/>
<include method="getBook"/>
<!-- 配置自己的過濾器 -->
<filter class="org.li.dwr.log.DWRLog"></filter>
</create>
<!-- 需要轉(zhuǎn)換的類 -->
<convert match="org.li.dwr.User" converter="bean"></convert>
<convert match="org.li.dwr.Book" converter="bean"></convert>
新建UserInfo.html
Java代碼
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>UserInfo.html</title>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/interface/jsuser.js'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/engine.js'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/util.js'></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="userInfo.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
請輸入你的名字:
<input id="name" type="text"/>
<input id="jbutton" type="button" value="得到j(luò)avafish的信息"/>
<input id="sbutton" type="button" value="得到j(luò)avafish的書"/>
<div id="result"></div>
<script>load()</script>
</body>
</html>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>UserInfo.html</title>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/interface/jsuser.js'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/engine.js'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/util.js'></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="userInfo.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
請輸入你的名字:
<input id="name" type="text"/>
<input id="jbutton" type="button" value="得到j(luò)avafish的信息"/>
<input id="sbutton" type="button" value="得到j(luò)avafish的書"/>
<div id="result"></div>
<script>load()</script>
</body>
</html>
新建userInfo.js
Java代碼
function load()
{
var jbutton = $("jbutton");
jbutton.onclick=function(event)
{
bOnClick();
};
var sbutton = $("sbutton");
sbutton.onclick=function(event)
{
sOnClick();
};
}
function bOnClick()
{
jsuser.getUser($("name").value,callback);
}
function callback(msg)
{
var user = msg;
DWRUtil.setValue('result',"歡迎你!"+user.welcome+" 姓名:"+user.username+",年齡:"+user.age+",住址:"+user.address+user.books[0].author);
}
function sOnClick()
{
jsuser.getBook(callbackBooks);
}
function callbackBooks(msg)
{
alert(msg);
DWRUtil.setValue('result',msg);
}
function load()
{
var jbutton = $("jbutton");
jbutton.onclick=function(event)
{
bOnClick();
};
var sbutton = $("sbutton");
sbutton.onclick=function(event)
{
sOnClick();
};
}
function bOnClick()
{
jsuser.getUser($("name").value,callback);
}
function callback(msg)
{
var user = msg;
DWRUtil.setValue('result',"歡迎你!"+user.welcome+" 姓名:"+user.username+",年齡:"+user.age+",住址:"+user.address+user.books[0].author);
}
function sOnClick()
{
jsuser.getBook(callbackBooks);
}
function callbackBooks(msg)
{
alert(msg);
DWRUtil.setValue('result',msg);
}
運(yùn)行服務(wù)器輸入http://localhost:8080/DWRStudy/UserInfo.html,可看到運(yùn)行結(jié)果
這個(gè)例子需要解釋的就是dwr.xml了
在這里用到了兩個(gè)java類,User、Book,方法呢就是User.getUser和User.getBook,而Book類呢由于我們沒有在javascript中調(diào)用,所以就不用配置Book的create了。
大家可能會(huì)奇怪為什么會(huì)多出來兩個(gè)<convert match="org.li.dwr.User" converter="bean"></convert>
<convert match="org.li.dwr.Book" converter="bean"></convert>
呢,是因?yàn)樵谡{(diào)用getBook和getUser的時(shí)候會(huì)返回給javascript有關(guān)User和Book的對(duì)象或數(shù)據(jù),這里的用<convert match=”類” converter=”bean”/>做一下轉(zhuǎn)換,否則javascript將不會(huì)得到有效的數(shù)據(jù)。
下面討論一下DWR的安全性,由于我們將javaBean整體都對(duì)外暴露了,所以說會(huì)有非常多的安全問題,真對(duì)這些DWR也作了一些的措施就是上面例子中dwr.xml的配置:
<include method="getUser"/>
<include method="getBook"/>
<filter class="org.li.dwr.log.DWRLog"></filter>
這樣配置的話就只暴露了User類的兩個(gè)方法getUser,getBook。就相對(duì)安全多了,相反還有<exclude>的配置它們是類似的。對(duì)于安全我們也可以用DWR的過濾器來實(shí)現(xiàn),這里我用過濾器實(shí)現(xiàn)的是一個(gè)日志記錄。過濾器類只需要實(shí)現(xiàn)AjaxFilter接口就可以了,不過注意的是這個(gè)過濾器不是HttpServelt的過濾器而是DWR自己內(nèi)部實(shí)現(xiàn)的(有興趣可以查看一下源代碼)。
真對(duì)DWR的安全性上來說,官方也不敢保證,官方只是說自己可以看一下源代碼因地施宜。
不過DWR可以和acegi集成,讓acegi來管理安全問題。由于acegi我還沒有完全搞定關(guān)于DWR和acegi的集成,先放一放日后補(bǔ)充。
下面對(duì)DWR.xml的配置具體補(bǔ)充一下:
首先是<init></init>里面有<converter>和<create>是配置在初始化的時(shí)候需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建和轉(zhuǎn)化的類。
然后是<allow></allow>里面有<converter>和<create>這個(gè)地方就是正式的配置了,creator里有param,filter,include,exclude,auth,除了auth我們都接觸過了,而auth是集成J2EE的安全認(rèn)證用的,這個(gè)可能和acegi的集成有關(guān)吧(?)。<converter>呢,它的converter有很多
? Array Converter
? Bean and Object Converters
? Collection Converter
? Enum Converter
? DOM Objects
這些都是轉(zhuǎn)換的時(shí)候配置的
還有就是<signatures></signatures>的配置了,申明一些不java用反射不可得到的參數(shù)類型。
我在上面例子上用的getBook來本來想用signatures實(shí)現(xiàn)List<Book>的轉(zhuǎn)換可是沒有成功(不用配置就可以)
主要是真對(duì)jdk1.4以下的,我本機(jī)用的是jdk6,所以屢試不爽最后在官方DWR2的特性中看到如果你用的是DWR2和JDK5以上的話就不用配置了DWR會(huì)自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換。
下面講一下DWR與Spring的集成:
還是上面那個(gè)例子用Spring搞定大部分和上面一樣
新建類User(包換了)
Java代碼
package org.li.dwr.spring;
import java.util.List;
import org.li.dwr.Book;
public class User
{
private String welcome;
private String username;
private String address;
private List<Book> books;
private int age;
public String getAddress()
{
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address)
{
this.address = address;
}
public int getAge()
{
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age)
{
this.age = age;
}
public String getUsername()
{
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username)
{
this.username = username;
}
public String getWelcome()
{
return welcome;
}
public void setWelcome(String welcome)
{
this.welcome = welcome;
}
public List<Book> getBooks()
{
return books;
}
public void setBooks(List<Book> books)
{
this.books = books;
}
public User getUser(String welcome)
{
this.welcome=welcome;
return this;
}
}
package org.li.dwr.spring;
import java.util.List;
import org.li.dwr.Book;
public class User
{
private String welcome;
private String username;
private String address;
private List<Book> books;
private int age;
public String getAddress()
{
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address)
{
this.address = address;
}
public int getAge()
{
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age)
{
this.age = age;
}
public String getUsername()
{
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username)
{
this.username = username;
}
public String getWelcome()
{
return welcome;
}
public void setWelcome(String welcome)
{
this.welcome = welcome;
}
public List<Book> getBooks()
{
return books;
}
public void setBooks(List<Book> books)
{
this.books = books;
}
public User getUser(String welcome)
{
this.welcome=welcome;
return this;
}
}
Book還是以前那個(gè)
在src下新建application.xml文件(spring的配置文件)
Java代碼
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
<beans>
<bean id="user" class="org.li.dwr.spring.User">
<property name="username">
<value>javafish</value>
</property>
<property name="age">
<value>21</value>
</property>
<property name="address">
<value>北京市海淀區(qū)</value>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
<beans>
<bean id="user" class="org.li.dwr.spring.User">
<property name="username">
<value>javafish</value>
</property>
<property name="age">
<value>21</value>
</property>
<property name="address">
<value>北京市海淀區(qū)</value>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
在dwr.xml加入:
Java代碼
<create javascript="springUser" creator="spring">
<param name="beanName" value="user"></param>
<!-- 指定Spring配置文件的位置,如果沒設(shè)置DWR會(huì)根據(jù)web.xml找到主配置文件,不過速度上就慢了 -->
<param name="location" value="applicationContext.xml"></param>
</create><convert match="org.li.dwr.spring.User" converter="bean"></convert>
<create javascript="springUser" creator="spring">
<param name="beanName" value="user"></param>
<!-- 指定Spring配置文件的位置,如果沒設(shè)置DWR會(huì)根據(jù)web.xml找到主配置文件,不過速度上就慢了 -->
<param name="location" value="applicationContext.xml"></param>
</create><convert match="org.li.dwr.spring.User" converter="bean"></convert>
新建springUserInfo.html
Java代碼
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>UserInfo.html</title>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/interface/springUser.js'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/engine.js'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/util.js'></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="springuserInfo.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
請輸入你的名字:
<input id="name" type="text"/>
<input id="jbutton" type="button" value="得到j(luò)avafish(spring)的信息"/>
<div id="result"></div>
<script>load()</script>
</body>
</html>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>UserInfo.html</title>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/interface/springUser.js'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/engine.js'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/util.js'></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="springuserInfo.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
請輸入你的名字:
<input id="name" type="text"/>
<input id="jbutton" type="button" value="得到j(luò)avafish(spring)的信息"/>
<div id="result"></div>
<script>load()</script>
</body>
</html>
新建springUserInfo.js
Java代碼
function load()
{
var jbutton = $("jbutton");
jbutton.onclick=function(event)
{
bOnClick();
};
var sbutton = $("sbutton");
sbutton.onclick=function(event)
{
sOnClick();
};
}
function bOnClick()
{
springUser.getUser($("name").value,callback);
}
function callback(msg)
{
var user = msg;
DWRUtil.setValue('result',"歡迎你!"+user.welcome+" 姓名:"+user.username+",年齡:"+user.age+",住址:"+user.address);
}
function load()
{
var jbutton = $("jbutton");
jbutton.onclick=function(event)
{
bOnClick();
};
var sbutton = $("sbutton");
sbutton.onclick=function(event)
{
sOnClick();
};
}
function bOnClick()
{
springUser.getUser($("name").value,callback);
}
function callback(msg)
{
var user = msg;
DWRUtil.setValue('result',"歡迎你!"+user.welcome+" 姓名:"+user.username+",年齡:"+user.age+",住址:"+user.address);
}
在web.xml中加入
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>
org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
</listener-class>
</listener>
運(yùn)行服務(wù)器輸入http://localhost:8080/DWRStudy/springUserInfo.html,可以看到運(yùn)行結(jié)果
主要的區(qū)別是dwr.xml的配置,需要在creator=spring,然后里面的<param>的name用beanName,值是spring的配置文件里的bean的id。Name=location是指定spring的配置文件的路徑(如果不指定DWR可以根據(jù)web.xml自動(dòng)找到spring的主配置文件)。
DWR的Annotation配置
還是上面spring那個(gè)例子的功能再來一遍(new 的配置太簡單),這樣的話項(xiàng)目中的dwr.xml對(duì)于這個(gè)例子就沒有作用了
新建User類(包名換了)
Java代碼
package org.li.dwr.spring.annotation;
import java.util.List;
import org.directwebremoting.annotations.Convert;
import org.directwebremoting.annotations.Create;
import org.directwebremoting.annotations.Param;
import org.directwebremoting.annotations.RemoteMethod;
import org.directwebremoting.annotations.RemoteProperty;
import org.directwebremoting.convert.BeanConverter;
import org.directwebremoting.spring.SpringCreator;
import org.li.dwr.Book;
@Create(creator=SpringCreator.class,name="anspringuser",creatorParams={@Param(name="beanName",value="anuser"),@Param(name="location",value="applicationContext.xml")})
@Convert(converter=BeanConverter.class)
public class User
{
private String welcome;
private String username;
@RemoteProperty
private String address;
private List<Book> books;
private int age;
public String getAddress()
{
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address)
{
this.address = address;
}
public int getAge()
{
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age)
{
this.age = age;
}
public String getUsername()
{
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username)
{
this.username = username;
}
public String getWelcome()
{
return welcome;
}
public void setWelcome(String welcome)
{
this.welcome = welcome;
}
public List<Book> getBooks()
{
return books;
}
public void setBooks(List<Book> books)
{
this.books = books;
}
@RemoteMethod
public User getUser(String welcome)
{
this.welcome=welcome;
return this;
}
}
package org.li.dwr.spring.annotation;
import java.util.List;
import org.directwebremoting.annotations.Convert;
import org.directwebremoting.annotations.Create;
import org.directwebremoting.annotations.Param;
import org.directwebremoting.annotations.RemoteMethod;
import org.directwebremoting.annotations.RemoteProperty;
import org.directwebremoting.convert.BeanConverter;
import org.directwebremoting.spring.SpringCreator;
import org.li.dwr.Book;
@Create(creator=SpringCreator.class,name="anspringuser",creatorParams={@Param(name="beanName",value="anuser"),@Param(name="location",value="applicationContext.xml")})
@Convert(converter=BeanConverter.class)
public class User
{
private String welcome;
private String username;
@RemoteProperty
private String address;
private List<Book> books;
private int age;
public String getAddress()
{
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address)
{
this.address = address;
}
public int getAge()
{
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age)
{
this.age = age;
}
public String getUsername()
{
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username)
{
this.username = username;
}
public String getWelcome()
{
return welcome;
}
public void setWelcome(String welcome)
{
this.welcome = welcome;
}
public List<Book> getBooks()
{
return books;
}
public void setBooks(List<Book> books)
{
this.books = books;
}
@RemoteMethod
public User getUser(String welcome)
{
this.welcome=welcome;
return this;
}
}
新建過濾器類DWRAnLog
Java代碼
package org.li.dwr.log.annotation;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import org.directwebremoting.AjaxFilter;
import org.directwebremoting.AjaxFilterChain;
import org.directwebremoting.annotations.Filter;
import org.directwebremoting.filter.SpringTransactionAjaxFilter;
@Filter(type=SpringTransactionAjaxFilter.class)
public class DWRAnLog implements AjaxFilter
{
public Object doFilter(Object obj, Method method, Object[] params, AjaxFilterChain chain) throws Exception
{
System.out.println("annotation過濾器Log輸出:..對(duì)象:"+obj.getClass().getName()+"方法:"+method.getName());
return chain.doFilter(obj, method, params);
}
}
package org.li.dwr.log.annotation;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import org.directwebremoting.AjaxFilter;
import org.directwebremoting.AjaxFilterChain;
import org.directwebremoting.annotations.Filter;
import org.directwebremoting.filter.SpringTransactionAjaxFilter;
@Filter(type=SpringTransactionAjaxFilter.class)
public class DWRAnLog implements AjaxFilter
{
public Object doFilter(Object obj, Method method, Object[] params, AjaxFilterChain chain) throws Exception
{
System.out.println("annotation過濾器Log輸出:..對(duì)象:"+obj.getClass().getName()+"方法:"+method.getName());
return chain.doFilter(obj, method, params);
}
}
在spring的applicationContext.xml里加入
Java代碼
<bean id="anuser" class="org.li.dwr.spring.annotation.User">
<property name="username">
<value>javafish</value>
</property>
<property name="age">
<value>21</value>
</property>
<property name="address">
<value>北京市海淀區(qū)</value>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="anuser" class="org.li.dwr.spring.annotation.User">
<property name="username">
<value>javafish</value>
</property>
<property name="age">
<value>21</value>
</property>
<property name="address">
<value>北京市海淀區(qū)</value>
</property>
</bean>
新建AnSpringUserInfoHtml.html
Java代碼
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>UserInfo.html</title>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/interface/anspringuser.js'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/engine.js'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/util.js'></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="anspringuserInfo.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
請輸入你的名字:
<input id="name" type="text"/>
<input id="jbutton" type="button" value="得到j(luò)avafish(spring)的信息"/>
<div id="result"></div>
<script>load()</script>
</body>
</html>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>UserInfo.html</title>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/interface/anspringuser.js'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/engine.js'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='dwr/util.js'></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="anspringuserInfo.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
請輸入你的名字:
<input id="name" type="text"/>
<input id="jbutton" type="button" value="得到j(luò)avafish(spring)的信息"/>
<div id="result"></div>
<script>load()</script>
</body>
</html>
新建anspringuserInfo.js
Java代碼
function load()
{
var jbutton = $("jbutton");
jbutton.onclick=function(event)
{
bOnClick();
};
}
function bOnClick()
{
alert("haha");
anspringuser.getUser($("name").value,callback);
}
function callback(msg)
{
var user = msg;
DWRUtil.setValue('result',"歡迎你!"+user.welcome+" 姓名:"+user.username+",年齡:"+user.age+",住址:"+user.address);
}
function load()
{
var jbutton = $("jbutton");
jbutton.onclick=function(event)
{
bOnClick();
};
}
function bOnClick()
{
alert("haha");
anspringuser.getUser($("name").value,callback);
}
function callback(msg)
{
var user = msg;
DWRUtil.setValue('result',"歡迎你!"+user.welcome+" 姓名:"+user.username+",年齡:"+user.age+",住址:"+user.address);
}
在web.xml中
的DWR的servlet的初始化參數(shù)里加入
Java代碼
<init-param>
<param-name>classes</param-name>
<param-value>
org.li.dwr.log.annotation.DWRAnLog,org.li.dwr.spring.annotation.User
</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>classes</param-name>
<param-value>
org.li.dwr.log.annotation.DWRAnLog,org.li.dwr.spring.annotation.User
</param-value>
</init-param>
運(yùn)行服務(wù)器輸入http://localhost:8080/DWRStudy/AnSpringUserInfo.html,成功了
用Annotation的配置和dwr.xml的意思基本一樣,這里就不多做介紹了。
Util.js的函數(shù)庫
$()和prototype.js一樣相當(dāng)于document.getElementById
(Set)getValue()(設(shè)置)得到元素的值一般是(設(shè)置)得到元素的innerHTML。
getText()得到元素的文本值
(set)getValues()(設(shè)置)得到元素下的元素,以array為對(duì)象載體。
這里都是一些最常用的函數(shù),具體可以看一下util.js文件。
總結(jié)
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