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Swimming biomechanics highly influence swimming success. Sun Yang 1500 swimming stroke analysis London 2012 hopes to provide a frame by frame analysis of the current top male distance swimmer. As you will see, some of the mechanics Yang uses are far superior to other swimmers, however he still has some deviations. Moreover, he demonstrates a few nuances uncommon, but potentially progressive for the stroke.

游泳生物學(xué)很大程度影響了游泳成績(jī)。本文對(duì)孫楊動(dòng)作進(jìn)行一幀一幀的分析。你將會(huì)看到，在一些技術(shù)上孫楊遠(yuǎn)超過其他對(duì)手，但是他還存在一些不足。另外，他展示了一些不常見的技巧，對(duì)于游進(jìn)有潛在的推動(dòng)作用。

Frame 1:

Pushes off wall with streamline slightly separated from ears. Head is down facing floor of pool. Little to no flutter kick is occurring during this frame.

第一幀：蹬壁后保持從耳邊稍微分開的流線型。頭向下面朝池底。在這一幀中，腳幾乎不打水。

Frame 2:

Initiates pull with right arm. Head position remains in same position as frame 1, and kick still appears to be minimal.

第二針：起始以右臂劃水。頭部位置保持和第一幀相同，并且仍然最小化踢水。

Frame 3:

Initiation of pull continues (note the absent of any white bubbles or turbulence with this hand). Both arms begins to abduct (come apart) from the head. Head remains fixed. Right hip flexion and knee flexion while the left hip appears to extend.

第三針：劃水繼續(xù)（請(qǐng)注意他的手邊沒有白色小泡泡或者渦流）。兩手一起開始從頭部向外伸展（兩個(gè)方向）。頭部仍然保持不動(dòng)。當(dāng)左臀開始伸展的時(shí)候，右臀和膝蓋微彎。

Frame 4:

High elbow on right arm continues to be more pronounced with an increased in shoulder internal rotation. Right arm appears to begin flexing to help achieve an early vertical forearm. Left arm abducts slight more. Head begins to lift through an apparent cervical extension. Right leg kicks through to finish kick and left leg remains in slight extension.

第四幀：右臂高肘開始表現(xiàn)出來(lái)，并且增加了肩部的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。右臂似乎開始彎曲以便形成早期的垂直前臂。左臂分開的更多。頭部通過一個(gè)明顯的進(jìn)步伸展開始抬高。左腿保持輕微的伸展，右腿開始踢水直到做完整個(gè)的踢水動(dòng)作。

Frame 5:

Right shoulder internally rotates more as the wrist returns to neutral, early vertical forearm is achieved. Left arms abducts even more. Head appears to extend more. Legs appear unchanged, while the right ankle appears to slightly dorsiflex to return to streamline.

第五幀：右肩向內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)同時(shí)手腕回到中立，完成早期垂直前臂。左臂繼續(xù)分開。頭部也更加伸展。當(dāng)右腳踝似乎輕微的背曲回到流線型，右腿似乎無(wú)變化，

Frame 6:

Right shoulder extension begins for the catch, while the arm remains fixed in internal rotation. Left arms abducts even more and is now in full shoulder and elbow extension. Head extends and rotates right. Left hip extends more in preparation for a downkick.

第六幀：當(dāng)手臂仍然保持向內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，右肩開始為了抓水而伸展。左臂分開更多并且保持直臂肘部拉伸。頭部伸展并轉(zhuǎn)向右側(cè)。左臀拉伸準(zhǔn)備下踢。

Frame 7:

Right shoulder comes under the body with the shoulder fixed in internal rotation with the wrist in extension. The left arms appears unchanged. The head rotates and extends more. The body initiates right rotation. The left leg rises, from what appears knee flexion.

第七幀：右肩在身體下方，并且肩部保持內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)，手腕伸展。左臂無(wú)變化，保持前伸。轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)頭部。身體開始右轉(zhuǎn)。左腿從看似膝蓋微彎開始抬高，

Frame 8:

Right shoulder continues catch as the arm adducts, now approximately 45 degree abduction. Left arms remains fixed. Head appears to only rotate more. The body continues to increase right rotation. Right leg appears to undergo slight hip extension. Left leg has large amount of knee flexion, to what appears bring the foot through the surface of the water.

右肩繼續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)水，手臂回收，現(xiàn)在分開大概45度。左臂依然前伸。頭部轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。身體繼續(xù)向右轉(zhuǎn)。右腿進(jìn)行輕微的臀部拉伸。左膝的彎曲角度很大，把腳帶出水面。

Frame 9:

Right arm adducts more as the hand passes the hip. The left arms is still fixed (potentially elongating via spinal rotation). The head extends and rotates, noticeable turbulence is present on right shoulder in this frame due to this swimmer's breathing biomechanics. The body rotates more right. Right leg continues to extend through the hip, while the leg knee undergoes hip flexion and knee extension (downkick).

第九幀：右臂劃水，手過了臀部。左臂繼續(xù)前伸（通過脊柱轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)形成拉伸）。頭部伸展轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，在這一幀中由于泳手的換氣，開始出現(xiàn)了明顯的渦流。身體更加向右轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。當(dāng)左膝進(jìn)行臀部彎曲和膝蓋伸展時(shí)（下踢），右腿繼續(xù)通過臀部伸展。

Frame 10:

Right arm is out of view, but appears to have initiated recovery. The left arm remains still. The head is at it's most rotated and extended position, resulting in the largest amount of visible turbulence on the upper right side of the body. The body is in maximal right rotation (maximizing left arm elongation). The right continues to perform an upkick (knee flexion initiating), while the left is performing a strong downkick predominantly through knee extension.

第十幀：右臂看不見了，但是似乎開始回臂了。左臂繼續(xù)前伸。頭部處于最大旋轉(zhuǎn)角度和伸展位置，導(dǎo)致大量的可見渦流在身體的右邊。身體最大程度的右轉(zhuǎn)（左臂最大程度的前伸）。當(dāng)左腿明顯通過膝蓋的伸展用力下踢時(shí)，右腿繼續(xù)上踢（膝蓋開始彎曲）。

Frame 11:

Right arm likely continues recovery, while the left arm is still fixed. The head begins to rotate left and flex to return to the water. Note the large turbulence during this phase. The body lowers in the water as it rotates left. The right leg continues it's upkick through increased knee flexion. The left leg finishes it's downkick with pronounced knee extension (note the athlete's dorsiflexed ankle, far from the 'typical' swimmer's body).

第十一幀：當(dāng)左臂繼續(xù)前伸，右臂繼續(xù)回臂動(dòng)作。頭開始向左轉(zhuǎn)并回到水中。這時(shí)會(huì)有大量的水花。當(dāng)向左轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí)，身體會(huì)下降。右腿繼續(xù)通過增加膝蓋彎曲程度進(jìn)行上踢。左腿完成它的下踢動(dòng)作，左膝拉伸（注意運(yùn)動(dòng)員的背曲腳踝，遠(yuǎn)離于典型泳手的身體）

Frame 12:

Right arm likely continuing recovery, as the left arms remains fixed while the left wrist flexes to initiate the pull. Head continues to rotate left, to return to streamline. No apparent body rotation. Right leg likely is initiating downkick, through hip flexion and knee extension. Left leg begins upkick through hip extension.

第十二幀：左手腕開始彎曲抓水時(shí)，左臂繼續(xù)前伸，右臂繼續(xù)恢復(fù)。頭繼續(xù)向左轉(zhuǎn)，回到流線型。沒有明顯的身體轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。右腿通過臀部彎曲和膝蓋拉伸開始下踢。左腿通過臀部拉伸開始上踢。

Frame 13:

Right arm likely continuing recovery, left arm begins to press down (likely through glenohumeral (shoulder) internal rotation) as the wrist appears to flex slightly more. Head likely continues left cervical rotation, no cervical flexion appears present in this frame. The right leg continuing the downkick through knee extesion. The left knee continues to upkick with large knee flexion.

第十三幀：當(dāng)左手腕似乎更加彎曲的時(shí)候，右臂繼續(xù)恢復(fù)，左臂開始下壓（貌似是通過肩部的內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)）。在這一幀中，頭繼續(xù)左轉(zhuǎn)，沒有明顯的頸部彎曲。右腿繼續(xù)通過膝蓋伸展下踢。左膝繼續(xù)通過大幅度的彎曲上踢。

Frame 14:

Right arm likely recovering, left arm continues internal rotation as the wrist returns to neutral. Head likely continuing left cervical rotation. Right leg is finishing the downkick with knee extension as the left leg finishes the upkick with knee flexion.

第十四幀：左手腕回到中立的時(shí)候，左臂繼續(xù)內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)，右臂繼續(xù)恢復(fù)。頭部繼續(xù)左轉(zhuǎn)。右腿完成下踢，左腿完成上踢。

Frame 15:

Right arm enters the water above head visible turbulence during this re-entry. Left arm undergoes more internal rotation to achieve early vertical forearm. Head continues to rotate left (currently near neutral position), cervical extension persists. Body rotates left and slightly drops. Right leg likely initiating upkick. Left leg is performing downkick with knee extension.

第十五幀：右臂頭前入水，這個(gè)動(dòng)作有明顯的水花。左臂進(jìn)行內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)去完成早期垂直前臂。頭部繼續(xù)左轉(zhuǎn)（當(dāng)前接近中立位置），頸部保持拉伸。身體左轉(zhuǎn)并且有些下沉。右腿開始上踢，左腿下踢。

Frame 16:

Right arm extends forward with minimal turbulence, left arm performs adduction to catch water. Head and body rotate left. Right leg undergoes knee flexion for upkick and left leg finishes downkick through knee extension.

第十六幀：右臂用最小的水花向前伸展，左臂開始內(nèi)收轉(zhuǎn)水。頭和身體向左轉(zhuǎn)。右腿為上踢膝蓋微彎，左腿通過膝蓋拉伸完成下踢。

Frame 17:

Right arm extends (likely from left body rotation). Left arm continues to catch water with a high elbow as arm during adduction. Head rotates left and extends. Body rotates left. Right leg begins downkick through knee extension while the left hip extends for the initiation of the upkick.

第十七幀：

右臂伸展（左半邊身體轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)）。左臂繼續(xù)高肘抓水。頭向左轉(zhuǎn)并伸展。身體向左轉(zhuǎn)。右腿開始通過膝蓋拉伸下踢，左臀伸展為上踢做準(zhǔn)備。

Frame 18:

Right arm continues to extend as the left arm undergoes shoulder extends to finish the catch. The head and body rotate left. The right knee kicks down through knee extension. The left knee begins knee flexion.

第十八幀：右臂繼續(xù)伸展，左臂進(jìn)行肩部拉伸去完成抓水。頭和身體左轉(zhuǎn)。右膝通過膝蓋拉伸向下踢水，左膝開始彎曲膝蓋。

Frame 19:

Right arms remains fixed. Left arm undergoes recovery. Head maintains cervical left rotation and extension (note large frontal turbulence at the head). Body begins rotation right. Left leg performs knee extension for downkick and right knee flexes to finish upkick.

第十九幀：右臂固定前伸。左臂開始恢復(fù)。頭部保持左轉(zhuǎn)并且伸展（頭前有水花）。身體開始右轉(zhuǎn)。左腿拉伸膝蓋開始下踢并且右膝彎曲完成上踢。

Frame 20:

Right arms presses down (likely from body dropping due to recovery arm) and wrist slightly flexes. Left arm continues to recover. Head remains fixed as turbulence remains high. Body continues to rotate right. The right leg finishes downkick with ankle dorsiflexion while the left leg initiates down kick with slight hip flexion.

第二十幀：右臂下壓（好像是由于回臂導(dǎo)致身體下沉）并且手腕微彎。左臂開始回收。頭部繼續(xù)保持高位有水花。身體繼續(xù)右轉(zhuǎn)。右腿通過腳踝背曲完成下踢，左臀微彎，左腿開始開始下踢。

Frame 21:

Right arm continues to press down, now likely due to recovery arm and initiation of shoulder internal rotation. Left arm continues recovery. Head begins rotation right with continued frontal turbulence. Body has slight rotation right. Right hip extends. Left knee extends.

第二十一幀：右臂繼續(xù)下壓，現(xiàn)在這一現(xiàn)象是更像是由于回臂和肩膀內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)造成的。左臂繼續(xù)回臂。頭開始右轉(zhuǎn)，頭前仍然有水花。身體輕微右轉(zhuǎn)。右臀拉伸，左膝伸展。

Frame 22:

Right continues to lower beginning catch while left arm still recovering. Head performs more rotation right. Body rotation appears constant. Right leg upkick continues and left leg downkick finishes.

第二十二幀：右臂繼續(xù)下壓開始轉(zhuǎn)水。左臂繼續(xù)回臂。頭部右轉(zhuǎn)。身體明顯轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，右腿上踢，左腿下踢

Frame 23:

Right arm internally rotates for the catch phase, left arm re-enters water with minimal turbulence at left hand. Head rotates right and flexes. Body rotates right. Right hip flexes for downkick and left hip extends.

第二十三幀：右臂內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)為抓水準(zhǔn)備，左臂重新入水左手帶有少量水花。頭右轉(zhuǎn)微彎。身體右轉(zhuǎn)。右臀為下踢彎曲，左臀伸展。

Frame 24:

Right arm maintains internal rotation and begins to adduct. Right arm continues to re-enter water with turbulence visible at elbow and upper arm. Head rotates right and slightly extends. Body rotates right. Right knee extends and the left hip extends.

第二十四幀：右臂保持轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)開始內(nèi)收。右臂繼續(xù)重新入水，肘部和上臂都有明顯水花。頭部右轉(zhuǎn)并微微拉伸。身體右轉(zhuǎn)。右膝和左臀伸展。

Frame 25:

Right arm continues to adduct and wrist appears to have slight extended, potentially finishing the catch phase too early. Left arm continues to extend forward, while the head rotates right and extends. Body continues to rotate right. Right leg begins upkick with hip extension as the left leg undergoes knee flexion.

第二十五幀：右臂繼續(xù)回收，手腕似乎拉伸，過早的完成轉(zhuǎn)水階段。左臂繼續(xù)前伸，頭右轉(zhuǎn)并且拉伸。身體右轉(zhuǎn)。右腿上踢，右臀拉伸，左腿膝蓋彎曲。

Frame 26:

Right arms returns to a straight forearm to finish the catch. Left arm continues to extend (via right body rotation). Head and body continue right rotation. The right leg continues to perform slight hip extension. The right hip flexes to initiate the downkick.

第二十六幀：右臂回直前臂完成抓水。左臂繼續(xù)拉伸（通過身體右轉(zhuǎn)）。頭和身體繼續(xù)右轉(zhuǎn)。右腿繼續(xù)進(jìn)行輕微臀部拉伸。右臀彎曲準(zhǔn)備下踢。

Frame 27:

The right arm finishes the catch through adduction and extension. The left arm continues to achieve relative extension via right body rotation. The head rotates right and extends. The body rotates right. The right leg performs knee flexion while the left knee undergoes knee extension.

第二十七幀：右臂通過回收和拉伸完成抓水。左臂通過身體右轉(zhuǎn)完成相關(guān)拉伸。頭部右轉(zhuǎn)并且拉伸。身體右轉(zhuǎn)。右腿膝蓋彎曲，左膝進(jìn)行膝蓋拉伸。

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Notable features:

顯著特點(diǎn)：

Streamlined body throughout the stroke. Minimal turbulence upon hand re-entry. turbulence around head and shoulder during poor breathing mechanics. One of the best EVF, especially on the left side. Streamlined body balance through matched contralateral down kick and hand re-entry. Streamlined head position when the athlete is not breathing.

整個(gè)游進(jìn)過程都保持流線型。最小的手部入水水花。換氣時(shí)，頭和肩膀周圍的水花也很小。最佳的EVF（Early Vertical Forearm），特別是左邊。通過匹配身體對(duì)側(cè)的下踢和入水保持流線型身體平衡。不呼吸的時(shí)候頭部也保持了流線型。

He clearly uses a high elbow anchor position on his left arm. This allows him an elongated distance per stroke and endurance capability. His right arm uses a little lower elbow anchor position, potentially helping him utilizes his hips more. Unfortunately, this angle prevents the reviewer from seeing the distance the arm is from the bodyline.

他的左臂很明確使用了高肘。這讓他在每一劃都保持行進(jìn)很長(zhǎng)的距離，并且擁有了很強(qiáng)的耐力。他的右臂使用了低肘位置，這幫助他更多的使用了他的臀部。不行的是，這個(gè)角度妨礙了遠(yuǎn)處的觀察者觀察手臂和身體的位置關(guān)系。

Areas to improve:

· Breathing mechanics, remove cervical extension during breath

· Ankle dorsiflexion during upkick, as this likely increases turbulence in the water [not sure if this feature facilities the rest of the downkick]

可以提高的地方：

1. 呼吸時(shí)，減少頸部拉伸。

2. 上踢時(shí)，腳踝背曲，這樣會(huì)可能會(huì)增加水中的水花。

Areas to copy:

· Streamline of body (except during breathing)

· Early vertical catch, especially on left

· Body balance between hand re-entry and downkick

可復(fù)制的地方：

1. 身體的流線型 （除了換氣時(shí)）

2. 早期垂直抓水，特別是左手

3. 手入水和下踢時(shí)的身體平衡

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(analysis by swimming science)

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