mkfs -t ext3 错误/dev/sdxx is apparently in use by the system; 解决方法
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一． 測試一： 直接mount
用fdisk 格式化之后如下：
[root@rac1 u01]# fdisk -l
……
Disk /dev/sdk: 536.8 GB, 536870912000 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 65270cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytes
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??Device Boot????? Start???????? End????? Blocks??Id? System
/dev/sdk1?????????????? 1?????? 65270??524281243+? 83? Linux
……
?[root@rac1u01]#
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但是創(chuàng)建文件系統(tǒng)時報錯：
[root@rac1 u01]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdk1
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
/dev/sdk1 isapparently in use by the system; will not make a filesystem here!
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提示/dev/sdk1 正在被使用。 /dev/sdk1 正在被DM管理，所以我們創(chuàng)建文件系統(tǒng)時提示報錯，我們手工的移除，就可以正常的創(chuàng)建文件系統(tǒng)，操作如下：
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[root@rac1 u01]# dmsetup status
mpath2: 0 2097152 multipath 2 0 1 0 1 1 A 01 0 8:16 A 0
mpath11p1: 0 1048562487 linear
mpath9: 0 209715200 multipath 2 0 1 0 1 1 A0 1 0 8:128 A 0
mpath8: 0 629145600 multipath 2 0 1 0 1 1 A0 1 0 8:112 A 0
mpath7: 0 629145600 multipath 2 0 1 0 1 1 A0 1 0 8:96 A 0
mpath6: 0 2097152 multipath 2 0 1 0 1 1 A 01 0 8:80 A 0
mpath5: 0 2097152 multipath 2 0 1 0 1 1 A 01 0 8:64 A 0
mpath11: 0 1048576000 multipath 2 0 1 0 1 1A 0 1 0 8:160 A 0
mpath4: 0 2097152 multipath 2 0 1 0 1 1 A 01 0 8:48 A 0
mpath10: 0 209715200 multipath 2 0 1 0 1 1A 0 1 0 8:144 A 0
mpath3: 0 2097152 multipath 2 0 1 0 1 1 A 01 0 8:32 A 0
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[root@rac1 u01]# dmsetup remove_all
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[root@rac1 u01]# dmsetupstatus?????????
No devices found
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[root@rac1 u01]# mkfs -text3 /dev/sdk1?
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
65536000 inodes, 131070310 blocks
6553515 blocks (5.00%) reserved for thesuper user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
4000 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments pergroup
16384 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
???????32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
???????4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
???????102400000
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Writing inode tables: done???????????????????????????
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystemaccounting information: done
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This filesystem will be automaticallychecked every 36 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.? Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
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--創(chuàng)建文件系統(tǒng)成功。
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--mount 成功：
[root@rac1 u01]# mount /dev/sdk1/u01/backup
[root@rac1 u01]# df -lh
Filesystem??????????? Size? Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3????????????? 59G?? 22G??35G? 39% /
/dev/sda1???????????? 996M?? 51M?894M?? 6% /boot
tmpfs????????????????? 32G???? 0??32G?? 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda4???????????? 145G? 188M?138G?? 1% /u01/dave
/dev/sdk1???????????? 493G? 198M?467G?? 1% /u01/backup
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--修改/etc/fstab 文件，讓開機(jī)自動掛載：
[root@rac2 mapper]# vi /etc/fstab
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LABEL=/???????????????? /?????????????????????? ext3??? defaults??????? 1 1
LABEL=/boot???????????? /boot?????????????????? ext3??? defaults??????? 1 2
tmpfs?????????????????? /dev/shm??????????????? tmpfs?? defaults??????? 0 0
devpts?????????????????/dev/pts??????????????? devpts? gid=5,mode=620? 0 0
sysfs?????????????????? /sys??????????????????? sysfs?? defaults??????? 0 0
proc??????????????????? /proc?????????????????? proc??? defaults??????? 0 0
LABEL=SWAP-sda2???????? swap?????????? ?????????swap???defaults??????? 0 0
/dev/sdk1?????????????? /u01/backup???????????? ext3??? defaults??????? 0 0
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但重啟后測試，該文件不能正常掛載，手工掛載也會失敗。
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所以，這種解決方法不行。
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補(bǔ)充內(nèi)容：
Device mapper 是 Linux 2.6 內(nèi)核中提供的一種從邏輯設(shè)備到物理設(shè)備的映射框架機(jī)制,在該機(jī)制下,用戶可以很方便的根據(jù)自己的需要制定實(shí)現(xiàn)存儲資源的管理策略,如條帶化,鏡像,快照等. 當(dāng)前比較流行的 Linux 下的邏輯卷管理器如 LVM2（Linux Volume Manager 2 version)、EVMS(EnterpriseVolume Management System)、dmraid(Device Mapper RaidTool)等都是基于該機(jī)制實(shí)現(xiàn)的. 只要用戶在用戶空間制定好映射策略，按照自己的需要編寫處理具體IO請求的 target driver插件,就可以很方便的實(shí)現(xiàn)這些特性.
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Device Mapper主要包含內(nèi)核空間的映射和用戶空間的device mapper庫及dmsetup工具.
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二． 實(shí)驗(yàn)二: 使用Multipath
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關(guān)于Multipath的配置說明，參考：
Multipath實(shí)現(xiàn)LUN設(shè)備名稱的持久化
http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/5979061
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--獲取wwid：
[root@rac1 mapper]# /sbin/scsi_id -g -u -s/block/sdk
3690b11c00022bc0e000003e55105b786
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--修改multipath.conf 文件：
[root@rac1 mapper]# vi /etc/multipath.conf
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multipaths {
???? ???multipath {
??????????????? wwid???????????????????3690b11c00022bc0e000003e55105b786
??????????????? alias?????????????????? backup
??????????????? path_grouping_policy??? multibus
??????????????? path_checker??????????? readsector0
??????????????? path_selector?????????? "round-robin 0"
??????????????? failback??????????????? manual
??????????????? rr_weight?????????????? priorities
??????????????? no_path_retry?????????? 5
???????}
#??????multipath {
#?????????????? wwid??????????????????? 1DEC_____321816758474
#?????????????? alias?????????????????? red
#??????}
}
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"/etc/multipath.conf" 177L, 4832Cwritten
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--重啟multipath：
[root@rac1 mapper]# service multipathdrestart
Stopping multipathd daemon:??????????????????????????????? [? OK? ]
Starting multipathd daemon:??????????????????????????????? [? OK? ]
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--檢查文件：
[root@rac1 mapper]# cd /dev/mapper/
[root@rac1 mapper]# ll
total 0
brw-rw---- 1 root disk253,? 9 Feb 20 12:35 backup
brw-rw---- 1 root disk253, 10 Feb 20 12:35 backupp1
crw------- 1 root root? 10, 60 Feb 20 12:35 control
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 253,? 8 Feb 20 12:35 mpath10
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 253,? 0 Feb 20 12:35 mpath2
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 253,? 1 Feb 20 12:35 mpath3
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 253,? 2 Feb 20 12:35 mpath4
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 253,? 3 Feb 20 12:35 mpath5
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 253,? 4 Feb 20 12:35 mpath6
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 253,? 5 Feb 20 12:35 mpath7
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 253,? 6 Feb 20 12:35 mpath8
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 253,? 7 Feb 20 12:35 mpath9
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--mount 文件：
[root@rac1 mapper]# mount/dev/mapper/backupp1 /u01/backup
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--檢查mount：
[root@rac1 mapper]# df -lh
Filesystem??????????? Size? Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3????????????? 59G?? 22G??34G? 39% /
/dev/sda1???????????? 996M?? 51M?894M?? 6% /boot
tmpfs????????????????? 32G? 364M??32G?? 2% /dev/shm
/dev/sda4???????????? 145G? 188M?138G?? 1% /u01/dave
/dev/mapper/backupp1? 493G?198M? 467G?? 1% /u01/backup
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修改/etc/fstab文件后，重啟可以正常的自動掛載。但是這里是2個節(jié)點(diǎn)，存儲配置的也是共享的。 但是在節(jié)點(diǎn)1創(chuàng)建的文件，在節(jié)點(diǎn)2上不能識別，經(jīng)測試，只有在重新mount之后，才可以看到另一個節(jié)點(diǎn)創(chuàng)建的文件。
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測試步驟如下：
[root@rac1 backup]# ll
total 24
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root???? 0 Feb 20 12:57 bl
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root? 4096 Feb 20 12:55 dave
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root???? 5 Feb 20 12:55 dvd
drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Feb 20 12:10lost+found
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--創(chuàng)建文件orcl：
[root@rac1 backup]# touch orcl
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--在節(jié)點(diǎn)2 umount 目錄：
[root@rac2 backup]# umount /u01/backup
umount: /u01/backup: device is busy
umount: /u01/backup: device is busy
[root@rac2 backup]# fuser -km /u01/backup
/u01/backup:????????? 9848c
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[root@rac2 ~]# df -lh
Filesystem??????????? Size? Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3????????????? 70G?? 20G??46G? 31% /
/dev/sda1???????????? 996M?? 51M?894M?? 6% /boot
tmpfs????????????????? 32G? 364M??32G?? 2% /dev/shm
/dev/mapper/backupp1? 493G?198M? 467G?? 1% /u01/backup
[root@rac2 ~]# umount ?/u01/backup
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--確認(rèn)umount 成功：
[root@rac2 ~]# df -lh
Filesystem??????????? Size? Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3????????????? 70G?? 20G??46G? 31% /
/dev/sda1????????????996M?? 51M?894M?? 6% /boot
tmpfs????????????????? 32G? 364M??32G?? 2% /dev/shm
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--再次mount：
[root@rac2 ~]# mount /dev/mapper/backupp1 /u01/backup
[root@rac2 ~]# cd /u01/backup
[root@rac2 backup]# ll
total 24
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root???? 0 Feb 20 12:57 bl
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root? 4096 Feb 20 12:55 dave
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root???? 5 Feb 20 12:55 dvd
drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Feb 20 12:10lost+found
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root???? 0 Feb 20 14:34 orcl
[root@rac2 backup]#
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這次就在節(jié)點(diǎn)2上看到我們節(jié)點(diǎn)1上創(chuàng)建的文件了。
總結(jié)
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