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基础命令
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系列一、LINUX命令
查看系統發行版？
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[root@hylhost?~]#?cat?/etc/issue?|?grep?Linux??Red?Hat?Enterprise?Linux?Server?release?5.5?(Tikanga)??? 查看系統內核信息？
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[root@hylhost?~]#?uname?-a??Linux?hylhost.domain.com?2.6.18-194.el5?#1?SMP?Tue?Mar?16?21:52:43?EDT?2010?i686?i686?i386?GNU/Linux??? 查看系統內核參數信息？
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#?cat?/etc/sysctl.conf?? 補充：修改內核參數后使用sysctl –p命令使內核參數生效
通常情況下，如何修改oracle的環境變量？
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#?su?-?oracle??$?vi?.bash_profile??? 查看機器型號？
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[root@hylhost?~]#?dmidecode?|?grep?"Product?Name"??????????Product?Name:?VirtualBox??????????Product?Name:?VirtualBox??--次處命令使用在虛擬機環境下顯示出如上信息??? 查看網卡信息？
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[root@hylhost?~]#?dmesg?|?grep?-i?eth??e1000:?eth0:?e1000_probe:?Intel(R)?PRO/1000?Network?Connection??ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP):?eth0:?link?is?not?ready??e1000:?eth0?NIC?Link?is?Up?1000?Mbps?Full?Duplex,?Flow?Control:?RX??ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE):?eth0:?link?becomes?ready??eth0:?no?IPv6?routers?present??e1000:?eth0?NIC?Link?is?Down??e1000:?eth0?NIC?Link?is?Up?1000?Mbps?Full?Duplex,?Flow?Control:?RX??? 查看內存信息？
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[root@hylhost?~]#?cat?/proc/meminfo??MemTotal:??????2075468?kB??MemFree:????????935756?kB??Buffers:????????103892?kB??Cached:?????????877804?kB??SwapCached:??????????0?kB??Active:?????????340736?kB??Inactive:???????735020?kB??HighTotal:?????1179584?kB??HighFree:???????198880?kB??LowTotal:???????895884?kB??LowFree:????????736876?kB??SwapTotal:?????4192956?kB??SwapFree:??????4192956?kB??Dirty:???????????????8?kB??Writeback:???????????0?kB??AnonPages:???????94088?kB??Mapped:??????????38204?kB??Slab:????????????52624?kB??PageTables:???????3664?kB??NFS_Unstable:????????0?kB??Bounce:??????????????0?kB??CommitLimit:???5230688?kB??Committed_AS:???361940?kB??VmallocTotal:???114680?kB??VmallocUsed:??????4716?kB??VmallocChunk:???109848?kB??HugePages_Total:?????0??HugePages_Free:??????0??HugePages_Rsvd:??????0??Hugepagesize:?????4096?kB??? 查看硬盤分區？
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[root@hylhost?~]#?df?-h??Filesystem????????????Size??Used?Avail?Use%?Mounted?on??/dev/sda3??????????????25G??3.5G???21G??15%?/??/dev/sda1?????????????487M???16M??446M???4%?/boot??tmpfs????????????????1014M?????0?1014M???0%?/dev/shm??? 查看硬盤型號？
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[root@hylhost?~]#?cat?/proc/scsi/scsi??Attached?devices:??Host:?scsi0?Channel:?00?Id:?00?Lun:?00????Vendor:?ATA??????Model:?VBOX?HARDDISK????Rev:?1.0?????Type:???Direct-Access????????????????????ANSI?SCSI?revision:?05?? 如何修改IP、主機名？
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1.?地址解析文件#?vi?/etc/hosts????2.?網卡配置文件#?vi?/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0??其中內容點為：??網卡設備名：DEVICE=eth0??是否為靜態：BOOTPROTO=static??IP地址：IPADDR=192.168.56.103??子網掩碼：NETMASK=255.255.255.0??硬件MAC地址：HWADDR=08:00:27:29:DB:B2??是否啟動：ONBOOT=yes????3.?網絡配置文件：#?vi?/etc/sysconfig/network??其中內容點為：??網絡配置：NETWORKING=yes??關閉ipv6設置：NETWORKING_IPV6=no??主機名：HOSTNAME=hyl??? 如何創建組、創建用戶？
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#?groupadd?oinstall??#?groupadd?dba??#?useradd?-g?oinstall?-G?dba?oracle?? 如何修改用戶密碼？
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#?passwd?oracle??? 如何查看用戶的uid、gid？
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#?id?oracle??? 如何創建oracle用戶目錄？
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#?mkdir?-p?/u01/app/oracle??? 如何修改目錄的所屬關系？
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#?chown?-R?oracle:oinstall?/home/u01/app??? 如何改變目錄的權限？
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#?chmod?-R?775?/home/u01/app??? 如何添加swap分區？
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生成一個空文件：#?dd?if=/dev/zero?of=/u01/swpf1?bs=1024k?count=2048??創建一個swap文件：#?mkswap?-c?/u01/swpf1??生成一個swap文件：#?swapon?/u01/swpf1??修改開機自啟動：#?vi?/etc/fstab??添加/u01/swpf1?????swap?????swap????defaults????0?0??? 如何解壓各種常見的包？
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（例1）、解壓.cpio.gz格式包??#?zcat?10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio.gz?|?cpio?-idmv?>?/dev/null?2>&1????（例2）、解壓.cpio格式包??#?cpio?-idmv?<?10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio????（例3）、解壓.zip??#?unzip?p8202632_10205_Linux-x86-64.zip??? 刪除？
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刪除目錄：?rm?-rf?<目錄名>??? 掛載？
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1.?掛載光盤的方法：??[root@hyl?soft]#?df?-h??Filesystem????????????Size??Used?Avail?Use%?Mounted?on??/dev/sr0??????????????4.2G??4.2G?????0?100%?/media/CentOS_6.2_Final??[root@hyl?soft]#?mount?/dev/sr0?/cd??mount:?block?device?/dev/sr0?is?write-protected,?mounting?read-only????2.?掛載鏡像文件的方法：??[root@hyl?soft]#?ls??WASND70_LINX64_Disk1.iso??WASND70_LINX64_Disk2.iso???[root@hyl?soft]#?mount?-o?loop?/soft/WASND70_LINX64_Disk1.iso?/cd1??[root@hyl?soft]#?mount?-o?loop?/soft/WASND70_LINX64_Disk2.iso?/cd2??? yum？
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1.?配置yum??#?cd?/etc/yum.repos.d/??到此路徑下修改yum.repo，注意幾處細節：??baseurl=file:///cdrom1????????//修改成掛載路徑??gpgcheck=0?????????????????//關閉校驗??enabled=1??????????????????????????????????????//啟動??2.?查詢yum列表??#?yum?list????3.?yum安裝包??#?yum?install?-y?libaio*???? yum配置參考，可點擊訪問：配置yum舉例
top關注可以得到哪些信息？
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第一部分：??1.?top：當前時間?|?系統運行時長?|?終端數?|?系統負載（1分鐘前、5分鐘前、15分鐘前）??2.?tasks：系統進程總數?|?當前運行進程數?|?等待狀態進程數?|?停止進程數?|?被復原進程數??3.?cpu：cpu使用率??4.?mem：內存總量?|?使用量?|?空閑內存量?|?緩沖使用中內存量??5.?swap：wasp分區使用情況??第二部分：可以使用交互命令控制??第三部分：內部進程使用情況列表??? rpm？
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1.?安裝包??#rpm??-ivh??<rpm包名>????2.?查詢是否已經安裝的包??[root@hyl?bin]#?rpm?-qa?|grep?numactl??numactl-devel-2.0.3-9.el6.x86_64??numactl-2.0.3-9.el6.x86_64????3.?卸載已經安裝的包??[root@hyl?~]#?rpm?-e?numactl-devel-2.0.3-9.el6.x86_64??[root@hyl?~]#?rpm?-e?numactl-2.0.3-9.el6.x86_64?? ?如何將結果輸出到日志文件中？
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例如將安裝包信息寫入到rpm.log文件中，命令為：rpm?-ivh?binutils-2.17.50.0.6-14.el5.x86_64.rpm?>>?rpm.log?2>&1??? 系列二、SQL指令
執行SQL腳本方法？
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SQL>@/soft/mkuser.sql??? 查看數據庫里有哪些用戶？
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SQL>?select?username,account_status?from?dba_users;??USERNAME????????ACCOUNT_STATUS??---------------?-------------------------??OUTLN???????????OPEN??SYS?????????????OPEN??SYSTEM??????????OPEN??ROSE????????????OPEN??SCOTT???????????OPEN??ops$oracle??????OPEN??TOM?????????????OPEN??DBSNMP??????????EXPIRED?&?LOCKED??TSMSYS??????????EXPIRED?&?LOCKED??DIP?????????????EXPIRED?&?LOCKED???
本文轉自 張沖andy 博客園博客，原文鏈接：?http://www.cnblogs.com/andy6/p/6065890.html? ，如需轉載請自行聯系原作者
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