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Spring系列教程八： Spring实现事务的两种方式

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一、 Spring事務(wù)概念：

事務(wù)是一系列的動(dòng)作，它們綜合在一起才是一個(gè)完整的工作單元，這些動(dòng)作必須全部完成，如果有一個(gè)失敗的話，那么事務(wù)就會(huì)回滾到最開(kāi)始的狀態(tài)，仿佛什么都沒(méi)發(fā)生過(guò)一樣。

?在企業(yè)級(jí)應(yīng)用程序開(kāi)發(fā)中，事務(wù)管理必不可少的技術(shù)，用來(lái)確保數(shù)據(jù)的完整性和一致性。?

事務(wù)有四個(gè)特性：ACID

原子性（Atomicity）：事務(wù)是一個(gè)原子操作，由一系列動(dòng)作組成。事務(wù)的原子性確保動(dòng)作要么全部完成，要么完全不起作用。
一致性（Consistency）：一旦事務(wù)完成（不管成功還是失敗），系統(tǒng)必須確保它所建模的業(yè)務(wù)處于一致的狀態(tài)，而不會(huì)是部分完成部分失敗。在現(xiàn)實(shí)中的數(shù)據(jù)不應(yīng)該被破壞。
隔離性（Isolation）：可能有許多事務(wù)會(huì)同時(shí)處理相同的數(shù)據(jù)，因此每個(gè)事務(wù)都應(yīng)該與其他事務(wù)隔離開(kāi)來(lái)，防止數(shù)據(jù)損壞。
持久性（Durability）：一旦事務(wù)完成，無(wú)論發(fā)生什么系統(tǒng)錯(cuò)誤，它的結(jié)果都不應(yīng)該受到影響，這樣就能從任何系統(tǒng)崩潰中恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)。通常情況下，事務(wù)的結(jié)果被寫(xiě)到持久化存儲(chǔ)器中。

?舉個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的例子：例如陳多多給陳多糖轉(zhuǎn)錢，但是在轉(zhuǎn)錢的過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)了問(wèn)題，銀行系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)了問(wèn)題，那么陳多多的錢給陳多糖轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)去了，但是陳多糖卻沒(méi)有收到錢？這個(gè)就很尷尬

那么怎么避免？出現(xiàn)這個(gè)問(wèn)題啦？這個(gè)時(shí)候就要用到我們spring中的事務(wù)管理

二、用xml的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)事務(wù)管理

第一步、導(dǎo)jar包

<dependencies><dependency><groupId>log4j</groupId><artifactId>log4j</artifactId><version>1.2.17</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-context</artifactId><version>LATEST</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId><version>LATEST</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-instrument</artifactId><version>LATEST</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId><version>LATEST</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId><version>LATEST</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-messaging</artifactId><version>LATEST</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-web</artifactId><version>LATEST</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>junit</groupId><artifactId>junit</artifactId><version>LATEST</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId><version>LATEST</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>fastjson</artifactId><version>1.2.47</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.mchange</groupId><artifactId>c3p0</artifactId><version>0.9.5.2</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>mysql</groupId><artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId><version>8.0.15</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>javax.servlet</groupId><artifactId>jstl</artifactId><version>1.2</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>taglibs</groupId><artifactId>standard</artifactId><version>1.1.2</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>javax.servlet</groupId><artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId><version>4.0.0</version><scope>provided</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.mybatis</groupId><artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId><version>1.3.2</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.mybatis</groupId><artifactId>mybatis</artifactId><version>3.5.0</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>aspectj</groupId><artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId><version>1.5.4</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>aspectj</groupId><artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId><version>1.5.4</version></dependency></dependencies><build><resources><resource><directory>src/main/java</directory><includes><include>**/*.xml</include></includes><filtering>false</filtering></resource></resources></build>

第二步、創(chuàng)建Mapper接口和實(shí)體類

package com.bdqn.zmj.dao;import com.bdqn.zmj.entity.user;import java.util.List;public interface UserMapper {List<user> GetList();//轉(zhuǎn)出void jian();//轉(zhuǎn)入void add(); } package com.bdqn.zmj.entity;public class user {int uid;String uname;int money;//注意這里對(duì)應(yīng)的是映射文件里的UserId，而不是這類里的uidpublic int getUserId() {return uid;}public void setUserId(int uid) {this.uid = uid;}public String getUserName() {return uname;}public void setUserName(String uname) {this.uname = uname;}public int getMoney() {return money;}public void setMoney(int money) {this.money = money;} }

第三步、創(chuàng)建mybatis映射文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE mapperPUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN""http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.bdqn.zmj.dao.UserMapper"><resultMap id="userMap" type="user"><id property="userId" column="uid" /><result property="userName" column="uname"/><result property="money" column="money" /></resultMap><select id="GetList" resultMap="userMap">select * from t_user</select><update id="jian">update t_user set money = money-500 where uid =1</update><update id="add">update t_user set money = money +500 where uid =2</update> </mapper>

第四步、Service層代碼

package com.bdqn.zmj.service;import com.bdqn.zmj.dao.UserMapper; import com.bdqn.zmj.entity.user; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;import java.util.List; /* * 事務(wù)一般都加在service層，因?yàn)閟ervice調(diào)用dao * 當(dāng)servoce調(diào)用多個(gè)dao方法的時(shí)候事務(wù)如下處理 * 加載controller層：當(dāng)controller調(diào)用多個(gè)service方法發(fā)的時(shí)候事務(wù)如何處理 * * */ @Service public class UserService{@AutowiredUserMapper dao;public List<user> GetList(){return dao.GetList();}@Transactionalpublic void transfer() {dao.jian();int i = 10/0;dao.add();} }

第五步、ApplicationContext配置文件、mybatis映射文件、Log4J配置文件、數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/txhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/aophttp://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/contexthttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/mvchttp://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd"><context:component-scan base-package="com.bdqn.zmj"/><context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"/><bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"><property name="driverClass" value="${driver}"/><property name="jdbcUrl" value="${url}"/><property name="user" value="${user}"/><property name="password" value="${password}"/></bean><bean id="sessionFactoryBean" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean"><property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"></property><property name="mapperLocations" value="com/bdqn/zmj/mapper/*.xml"></property><property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property></bean><bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer"><property name="basePackage" value="com.bdqn.zmj.dao"/><property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sessionFactoryBean"/></bean><bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"><property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/></bean>配置事務(wù)傳播行為，就是有事務(wù)的方法調(diào)用沒(méi)有事務(wù)的方法的時(shí)候，事務(wù)應(yīng)該如何傳遞<tx:advice id="txadvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager"><tx:attributes><tx:method name="transfer" propagation="REQUIRED"/></tx:attributes></tx:advice><aop:config><aop:pointcut id="pointcut" expression="execution(* com.bdqn.zmj..*.*(..))"/><aop:advisor advice-ref="txadvice" pointcut-ref="pointcut"/></aop:config> </beans> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE configurationPUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN""http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">  <configuration><settings><setting name="logImpl" value="LOG4J"/></settings><typeAliases><package name="com.bdqn.zmj.entity"/></typeAliases></configuration> log4j.rootLogger=info,CONSOLE ############################################################# # Console Appender ############################################################# log4j.appender.CONSOLE=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender log4j.appender.Threshold=info ##log4j.appender.CONSOLE.DatePattern=yyyy-MM-dd log4j.appender.CONSOLE.Target=System.out log4j.appender.CONSOLE.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout log4j.appender.CONSOLE.layout.ConversionPattern= %d{yyyy-M-d HH:mm:ss}%x[%5p] %m%n driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/fresh?serverTimezone=UTC user=root password=root

第六步、編寫(xiě)測(cè)試類

package com.bdqn.zmj.test;import com.bdqn.zmj.entity.user; import com.bdqn.zmj.service.UserService; import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Test; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;import java.util.List;public class Testone {ApplicationContext context = null;@Beforepublic void load(){context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");}@Test//事務(wù)，下面的方法只有全執(zhí)行和全不執(zhí)行兩種狀態(tài)public void test2(){UserService service = context.getBean("userService", UserService.class);service.transfer();} }

數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中的數(shù)據(jù)沒(méi)有變化，操作失敗，數(shù)據(jù)回滾回去了！！！

二、用注解的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)事務(wù)管理

只需要改變兩個(gè)地方即可

第一、service層，方法上加上?@Transactional

第二步、ApplicationContext.xml中，只留下配置事務(wù)管理器、然后加上掃描事務(wù)的<tx:annotation-driven />

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/txhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/aophttp://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/contexthttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/mvchttp://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd"><context:component-scan base-package="com.bdqn.zmj"/><context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"/><bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"><property name="driverClass" value="${driver}"/><property name="jdbcUrl" value="${url}"/><property name="user" value="${user}"/><property name="password" value="${password}"/></bean><bean id="sessionFactoryBean" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean"><property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"></property><property name="mapperLocations" value="com/bdqn/zmj/mapper/*.xml"></property><property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property></bean><bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer"><property name="basePackage" value="com.bdqn.zmj.dao"/><property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sessionFactoryBean"/></bean><bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"><property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/></bean><tx:annotation-driven /> </beans>

這兩種方式都可以實(shí)現(xiàn)事務(wù)配置、但是我們不配置細(xì)節(jié)的話，用的都是注解的方式、xml方式用于比較細(xì)致的配置，比如什么銀行轉(zhuǎn)賬什么的

轉(zhuǎn)載于:https://my.oschina.net/u/4115727/blog/3054097

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