mysql dba管理_Mysql DBA 高级运维学习之路-mysql数据库常用管理应用
1.創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
命令語(yǔ)法：create database 注意庫(kù)名不能數(shù)字開(kāi)頭
(1)創(chuàng)建linzhongniao庫(kù)
mysql> create database linzhongniao;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases like "l%";
+---------------+
| Database (l%) |
+---------------+
| linzhongniao |
+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
(2)查看建庫(kù)語(yǔ)句
可以查看到剛才的建庫(kù)語(yǔ)句和數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的默認(rèn)字符集信息
mysql> show create database linzhongniao\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Database: linzhongniao
Create Database: CREATE DATABASE `linzhongniao` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */ 默認(rèn)字符集是latin1，在安裝的時(shí)候可以指定字符集
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
(3)創(chuàng)建字符集為latin的庫(kù)
mysql> create database linzhongniao_latin default character set latin1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show create database linzhongniao_latin\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Database: linzhongniao_latin
Create Database: CREATE DATABASE `linzhongniao_latin` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
(4)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)名為linzhongniao_gbk的gbk數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
mysql> create database linzhongniao_gbk default character set gbk;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show create database linzhongniao_gbk\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Database: linzhongniao_gbk
Create Database: CREATE DATABASE `linzhongniao_gbk` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk */
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
總結(jié)：創(chuàng)建不同字符集格式的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)命令
create database linzhongniao; 默認(rèn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)配置，相當(dāng)于創(chuàng)建拉丁字符集數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。
create database linzhongniao_gbk DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk; 創(chuàng)建gbk字符集數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
create database linzhongniao_utf8 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8; 創(chuàng)建utf8字符集數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
create database linzhongniao_latin default character set latin1; 創(chuàng)建latin字符集數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
提示：
1、字符集的不一致是導(dǎo)致數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中文內(nèi)容亂碼的罪魁禍?zhǔn)?#xff0c;根據(jù)開(kāi)發(fā)的環(huán)境確定字符集(建議UTF8。
2、如果編譯安裝mysql的時(shí)候可以指定特定的字符集，以后創(chuàng)建對(duì)應(yīng)字符集的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)就不需要指定了。如下：
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \ #指定默認(rèn)字符集
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
3、編譯的時(shí)候沒(méi)有指定字符集或者指定了和程序不同的字符集，如何解決？
指定字符集創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)即可，數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)要支持創(chuàng)建庫(kù)所需要的字符集，例如
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=gbk,gb2312,utf8,asci或
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all
2.查看數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)信息
命令：show databases;
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| linzhongniao |
| linzhongniao_gbk |
| linzhongniao_latin |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases like '%li%';
+--------------------+
| Database (%li%)|
+--------------------+
| linzhongniao |
| linzhongniao_gbk |
| linzhongniao_latin |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3.連接數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
命令：use 相當(dāng)于linux下的cd切換目錄的命令，use是切換數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
例如：
mysql> use linzhongniao
Database changed
4.查看當(dāng)前使用庫(kù)
mysql>select database();相當(dāng)于linux下的pwd
+------------+
| database() |
+------------+
| linzhongniao|
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
5.刪除數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
命令：drop database
例如：刪除名為linzhongniao的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| linzhongniao |
| linzhongniao_gbk |
| linzhongniao_latin |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop database linzhongniao_latin;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| linzhongniao |
| linzhongniao_gbk |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
不會(huì)要經(jīng)常看幫助
system@ceshi 07:5010->help drop database
Name: 'DROP DATABASE'
Description:
Syntax:
DROP {DATABASE | SCHEMA} [IF EXISTS] db_name
6.查看當(dāng)前數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的版本
mysql> select version();
+------------+
| version() |
+------------+
| 5.5.32-log |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
7.查看當(dāng)前登錄數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的用戶
mysql> select user();
+----------------+
| user() |
+----------------+
| root@localhost |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
8.查看當(dāng)前的時(shí)間
mysql>select now();
+---------------------+
| now() |
+---------------------+
| 2018-01-18 20:14:43 |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
9.查看當(dāng)前數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)包含的表信息
切換到指定庫(kù)里面去查看
mysql>show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec) 空表，新庫(kù)還沒(méi)有建表
mysql>show tables like 'user';
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql>show tables from linzhongniao; 查詢指定數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的表
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql>show tables in linzhongniao;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
10.刪除mysql庫(kù)多余賬號(hào)
語(yǔ)法：drop user “user”@”主機(jī)域”<=注意引號(hào)可以是單引號(hào)或雙引號(hào)，但是不能不加。
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+------+--------------+
| user | host |
+------+--------------+
| root | 127.0.0.1|
| root | ::1 |
| | linzhongniao |
| root | linzhongniao |
| | localhost|
| root | localhost|
+------+--------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop user ''@'localhost'; 沒(méi)有的部分就用兩個(gè)單引號(hào)代替即可
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+------+--------------+
| user | host |
+------+--------------+
| root | 127.0.0.1|
| root | ::1 |
| | linzhongniao |
| root | linzhongniao |
| root | localhost|
+------+--------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
注意：如果drop刪除不了(一般是特殊字符或大寫(xiě)導(dǎo)致的)，可以用下面方式刪除。
mysql> delete from mysql.user where user=' ' and host='localhost';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+------+--------------+
| user | host |
+------+--------------+
| root | 127.0.0.1|
| root | ::1 |
| | linzhongniao |
| root | linzhongniao |
| root | localhost|
+------+--------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
總結(jié)
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