導(dǎo)語：大數(shù)據(jù)行業(yè)發(fā)展得越來越好，企業(yè)不惜重金聘請數(shù)據(jù)分析師，“學(xué)習(xí)Hadoop，找好工作不是夢想”的口號激勵著無數(shù)同學(xué)投身大數(shù)據(jù)事業(yè)，然而就業(yè)卻并不那么簡單，“工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)”無疑給尋求高薪工作的同學(xué)破了盆冷水，怎樣解決經(jīng)驗(yàn)問題？怎樣讓自己顯得更加專業(yè)？怎樣讓自己有更深入的行業(yè)洞察力？技術(shù)招聘人員為具備Hadoop技能的求職者提出了一些見解和建議。InformationWeek作家Kevin Casey為我們做了詳細(xì)分析。


開源Apache Hadoop項(xiàng)目一直是個熱門，這對于具備Hadoop及相關(guān)技能的IT求職者來說是個好消息。
Matt Andrieux是舊金山Riviera Partners公司技術(shù)招聘部門負(fù)責(zé)人，他告訴我們對Hadoop及相關(guān)技能的需求在過去幾年中呈直線上升趨勢。 Andrieux在接受電子郵件采訪時還向我們透露：“我們的分析表明大多招聘企業(yè)是初創(chuàng)公司，它們正在招聘大量的工程師來幫助它們通過各種方式利用數(shù)據(jù)，讓公司擺脫困境。很多公司都將它們的整個業(yè)務(wù)建立在數(shù)據(jù)收集和分析基礎(chǔ)上，其實(shí)在任何行業(yè)都是這樣。”
Andrieux指出并不是Hadoop刺激了經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮，相反，正是由于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生大量的數(shù)據(jù)處理需求，從而推動了Hadoop和類似技術(shù)的發(fā)展。
Andrieux說：“由于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上人類和機(jī)器的活動，造成非結(jié)構(gòu)化數(shù)據(jù)爆炸式增長，推動了Hadoop的興起。非結(jié)構(gòu)化數(shù)據(jù)存在巨大的價值，但通過以往類似SQL的索引技術(shù)幾乎不可能挖掘出有意義的信息。大數(shù)據(jù)生態(tài)圈中Hadoop和類似工具為工程師提供從非結(jié)構(gòu)化數(shù)據(jù)中創(chuàng)建結(jié)構(gòu)化數(shù)據(jù)的能力，在大規(guī)模分布式范圍內(nèi)獲取有價值的業(yè)務(wù)洞察力。
就業(yè)市場比較看好熟悉Hadoop這類大數(shù)據(jù)工具（如Cassandra、CouchDB、MongoDB、Riak等）的求職者。


我們又邀請Andrieux深入挖掘過去的求職熱點(diǎn)問題，了解當(dāng)前具有Hadoop技能以及相關(guān)專業(yè)知識的IT人士面臨的就業(yè)現(xiàn)狀。
1. 經(jīng)驗(yàn)很重要
當(dāng)被問到公司招聘具備Hadoop技能的IT人員都有哪些要求時，Andrieux 回答，“經(jīng)驗(yàn)是最重要的”。當(dāng)你渴望找到一份與數(shù)據(jù)相關(guān)工作時，你也就邁進(jìn)了競爭殘酷的就業(yè)市場——雖然你總有一天會積累起經(jīng)驗(yàn)，但是此刻才最重要。
假如你有必要的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，那就要適當(dāng)?shù)卣故境鰜怼?
Andrieux說：“我們客戶中的那些初創(chuàng)公司正在尋找可以將大數(shù)據(jù)運(yùn)用到實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中的工程師，僅僅展示還是不夠的，最好能有在大公司的項(xiàng)目實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)。”
2. 怎樣獲取經(jīng)驗(yàn)
對于年輕IT求職者或者經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富但想要學(xué)習(xí)新技能的IT人士，Andrieux推薦了兩個方法：專業(yè)培訓(xùn)和認(rèn)證、參加當(dāng)?shù)氐男袠I(yè)聚會。
Andrieux建議：“如果有人想要進(jìn)入大數(shù)據(jù)領(lǐng)域和學(xué)習(xí)Hadoop，我建議參加像Cloudera和Hortonworks這樣大公司提供的Hadoop專業(yè)培訓(xùn)并通過相關(guān)認(rèn)證。”這些培訓(xùn)給工程師們提供實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)，而且通常可以得到該領(lǐng)域?qū)＜业闹笇?dǎo)。
當(dāng)?shù)匦袠I(yè)組織為求職者們提供另一種教育，還有重要的社交機(jī)會。Andrieux說：“例如：theBay區(qū)（Riviera Partners公司所在地）周圍的聚會群體每周或每月都有聚會，廣泛討論面向數(shù)據(jù)的主題，這些聚會的發(fā)言者往往是有影響力的行業(yè)領(lǐng)袖，在該領(lǐng)域有豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)并且能夠提供最佳實(shí)踐建議。聚會中有大量的交流機(jī)會，可以認(rèn)識很多數(shù)據(jù)專家。”
3. 了解招聘中常用的術(shù)語
在簡歷、履歷和其他求職文件中，一些專業(yè)詞匯和術(shù)語往往能夠吸引招聘人員和人事經(jīng)理的眼球。Andrieux提供的三個有代表性的例子：大規(guī)模設(shè)計(jì)和建造可擴(kuò)展性分布式數(shù)據(jù)存儲、系統(tǒng)和管道；實(shí)現(xiàn)xxxx節(jié)點(diǎn)的Hadoop集群；從零開始或者從底層開始構(gòu)建。
4. 與Hadoop相關(guān)的工作不一定在標(biāo)題中包含“Hadoop”
如果你在找工作，目光不要過于狹隘——切記大數(shù)據(jù)相關(guān)的職位有各種各樣形式，而且有些工作看起來與Hadoop相關(guān)，實(shí)際卻只是一種偽裝。Andrieux說：“常見的數(shù)據(jù)工程師甚至像后端工程師這樣的職位也是與Hadoop相關(guān)的工作。”
5. 持續(xù)關(guān)注不斷發(fā)展的行業(yè)環(huán)境
Andrieux注意到Hadoop是一個相對年輕的技術(shù)，和整個大數(shù)據(jù)行業(yè)一樣。因此，要想在大數(shù)據(jù)行業(yè)或者相關(guān)行業(yè)得到較好的發(fā)展，及時關(guān)注最新的行業(yè)趨勢和變化特別重要。
堅(jiān)持關(guān)注數(shù)據(jù)大會，比如Strate和Hadoop峰會。Andrieux說：“關(guān)注這些數(shù)據(jù)大會都是非常有利于了解行業(yè)前沿技術(shù)，在這些會議上會有很多著名的企業(yè)參加。關(guān)注行業(yè)領(lǐng)袖們在他們公司網(wǎng)站上的博客，了解一些數(shù)據(jù)大會上的重要演講，不要害怕與招聘者談?wù)撔袠I(yè)發(fā)展趨勢，只是我們看行業(yè)趨勢要比公眾更具前瞻性。”
6. Hadoop相關(guān)工作不是唯一的選擇
可以肯定的是，Hadoop仍然熱門，但Andrieux指出：Hadoop不是應(yīng)對數(shù)據(jù)指數(shù)型增長的唯一平臺或技能。“Hadoop不是市場應(yīng)對數(shù)據(jù)需求的唯一選擇，關(guān)注一下應(yīng)對大數(shù)據(jù)的不同技術(shù)，問問周圍其他人在用哪些技術(shù)，有什么樣的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)。”
英語原文：
When you’re hot, you’re hot, and the open-source Apache Hadoop project has been scorching for a while. That’s good news for IT job hunters with serious Hadoop chops and related skills.
Demand for those skills has pointed skyward for the past several years, according to Matt Andrieux, lead technical recruiter at Riviera Partners in the San Francisco Bay Area. “Our portfolio companies, which are mostly startups, are looking for a wide range of engineers that can help them leverage data in various ways that will help their bottom line,” Andrieux said in an email interview. “Many companies are basing their entire business off of data collection and analysis, which can be useful for any industry.”
Andrieux noted that it’s not Hadoop itself that’s actually fueling the boom; rather, rising demand for Hadoop and similar skills is a byproduct of the enormous sums of data we’re generating these days.
“The hype is actually being driven by the massive explosion of unstructured data created by human and machine activity on the internet,” Andrieux said. “There is value in this unstructured data, but it’s nearly impossible to comb through it all with past indexing technologies like SQL. Hadoop and similar tools in the big data ecosystem provide engineers the ability to create structured data from unstructured data and derive valuable business insight on a massively distributed scale.”
Experience with big data tools similar to Hadoop, such as Cassandra, CouchDB, MongoDB, Riak, and more, is likewise in high demand, according Andrieux.
We asked Andrieux to help dig past the hype for insights into the current job market for IT pros with Hadoop and related expertise.
1. Sorry, greenhorns — experience matters.
Asked what his clients most commonly demand when looking for IT pros with Hadoop skills, Andrieux replied, “The more experience the better.” Sorry, newbies. You might find choppier seas when trying to land a coveted data gig — though there are certainly ways to build experience. (More on that in a moment.)
If you’ve got the requisite experience, on the other hand, flaunt it as appropriate.
“Our startup clientele are looking for engineers who can come into a production environment and hit the ground running,” Andrieux said. “Exposure to it is not enough, but engineers who have hands-on implementation in large-scale environments are preferred.”
2. Here’s how to build experience.
For younger IT pros or experienced ones looking to add new skills, Andrieux recommended two paths: professional training and certifications, and getting involved in local industry meetups.
“For someone looking to break into and learn Hadoop, I would suggest going through professional Hadoop training and certifications that companies like Cloudera and Hortonworks offer,” Andrieux advised. “These trainings give engineers real-world experience and are usually conducted by experts in the field.”
Local industry organizations offer another kind of education as well as significant networking opportunities. “Various meetup groups around the
Kevin Casey is a writer based in North Carolina who writes about technology for small and mid-size businesses.
Bay Area [for example] have weekly and monthly meetings about a wide range of data-oriented topics,” Andrieux said. “Speakers for these meetups often are thought leaders who have had extensive experience in the field and can offer their advice on best practices. There are huge networking opportunities at Meetups and [they are] a great way to meet others passionate about engineering.”
3. Learn the hiring lingo.
Certain words and phrases in resumes, bios, and other job-hunting collateral will jump out at recruiters and hiring managers looking for Hadoop and similar skills. Andrieux offered three examples of the kind of phrasing that currently stands out: Designed and built massively scalable distributed data storage, systems, and pipelines, Led implementation on an xxxx node Hadoop cluster, and Built from scratch or built from ground up.
4. Hadoop jobs don’t necessarily include ‘Hadoop’ in the title.
If you’re on the hunt, don’t search too narrowly — keep in mind that big data-related jobs come in various — and sometimes generic — guises. “We see titles such as Data Engineer or even common titles like Backend Engineer being used regularly,” Andrieux said.
5. Stay plugged into the evolving landscape.
Andrieux noted that Hadoop is a relatively young technology, as is the big data industry at large. As a result, it’s especially important to stay on top of trends and changes if you’re building a career in or around big data.
Always keep up on data conferences like Strata and Hadoop Summit. “These are great for identifying what is and is not working in the industry, and there is a wealth of companies to speak to at these conferences,” Andrieux said. “Follow blogs and watch keynote speeches that leaders in the industry post on their company websites. And don’t be afraid to talk with recruiters about their portfolio. We see trends develop much earlier than what is in the public eye.”
6. Remember: Hadoop’s not the only game in town.
Hadoop remains hot, for sure, but keep in mind Andrieux’s earlier point: It’s not the only platform or skill in demand as a result of exponential data growth. “Hadoop is not the only option on the market for data needs,” Andrieux pointed out. “Explore various other services and ask around on what other people like to use and its advantages and disadvantages.”

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