java io有关
寫(xiě)在前面:本文章基本覆蓋了java IO的全部?jī)?nèi)容,java新IO沒(méi)有涉及,因?yàn)槲蚁牒瓦@個(gè)分開(kāi),以突出那個(gè)的重要性,新IO哪一篇文章還沒(méi)有開(kāi)始寫(xiě),估計(jì)很快就能和大家見(jiàn)面。照舊,文章依舊以例子為主,因?yàn)橹v解內(nèi)容的java書(shū)很多了,我覺(jué)的學(xué)以致用才是真。代碼是寫(xiě)出來(lái)的,不是看出來(lái)的。
最后歡迎大家提出意見(jiàn)和建議。
【案例1】創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新文件
?| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 | import?java.io.*; class?hello{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) { ????????File f=new?File("D:\\hello.txt"); ????????try{ ????????????f.createNewFile(); ????????}catch?(Exception e) { ????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????} ????} } |
【運(yùn)行結(jié)果】:
程序運(yùn)行之后,在d盤(pán)下會(huì)有一個(gè)名字為hello.txt的文件。
【案例2】File類的兩個(gè)常量
?| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | import?java.io.*; class?hello{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) { ????????System.out.println(File.separator); ????????System.out.println(File.pathSeparator); ????} } |
【運(yùn)行結(jié)果】:
\
;
此處多說(shuō)幾句:有些同學(xué)可能認(rèn)為,我直接在windows下使用\進(jìn)行分割不行嗎?當(dāng)然是可以的。但是在linux下就不是\了。所以,要想使得我們的代碼跨平臺(tái),更加健壯,所以,大家都采用這兩個(gè)常量吧,其實(shí)也多寫(xiě)不了幾行。呵呵、
現(xiàn)在我們使用File類中的常量改寫(xiě)上面的代碼:
?| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 | import?java.io.*; class?hello{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) { ????????String fileName="D:"+File.separator+"hello.txt"; ????????File f=new?File(fileName); ????????try{ ????????????f.createNewFile(); ????????}catch?(Exception e) { ????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????} ????} } |
你看,沒(méi)有多寫(xiě)多少吧,呵呵。所以建議使用File類中的常量。
?
刪除一個(gè)文件
?| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | /** ?* 刪除一個(gè)文件 ?* */ import?java.io.*; class?hello{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) { ????????String fileName="D:"+File.separator+"hello.txt"; ????????File f=new?File(fileName); ????????if(f.exists()){ ????????????f.delete(); ????????}else{ ????????????System.out.println("文件不存在"); ????????} ????????? ????} } |
創(chuàng)建一個(gè)文件夾
?| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 | /** ?* 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)文件夾 ?* */ import?java.io.*; class?hello{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) { ????????String fileName="D:"+File.separator+"hello"; ????????File f=new?File(fileName); ????????f.mkdir(); ????} } |
【運(yùn)行結(jié)果】:
D盤(pán)下多了一個(gè)hello文件夾
?
列出指定目錄的全部文件(包括隱藏文件):
?| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 | /** ?* 使用list列出指定目錄的全部文件 ?* */ import?java.io.*; class?hello{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) { ????????String fileName="D:"+File.separator; ????????File f=new?File(fileName); ????????String[] str=f.list(); ????????for?(int?i = 0; i < str.length; i++) { ????????????System.out.println(str[i]); ????????} ????} } |
【運(yùn)行結(jié)果】:
$RECYCLE.BIN
360
360Downloads
360Rec
360SoftMove
Config.Msi
da
Downloads
DriversBackup
eclipse
java web整合開(kāi)發(fā)和項(xiàng)目實(shí)戰(zhàn)
Lenovo
MSOCache
Program
Program Files
python
RECYGLER.{8F92DA15-A229-A4D5-B5CE-5280C8B89C19}
System Volume Information
Tomcat6
var
vod_cache_data
新建文件夾
(你的運(yùn)行結(jié)果應(yīng)該和這個(gè)不一樣的,呵呵)
但是使用list返回的是String數(shù)組,。而且列出的不是完整路徑,如果想列出完整路徑的話,需要使用listFiles.他返回的是File的數(shù)組
列出指定目錄的全部文件(包括隱藏文件):
?| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | /** ?* 使用listFiles列出指定目錄的全部文件 ?* listFiles輸出的是完整路徑 ?* */ import?java.io.*; class?hello{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) { ????????String fileName="D:"+File.separator; ????????File f=new?File(fileName); ????????File[] str=f.listFiles(); ????????for?(int?i = 0; i < str.length; i++) { ????????????System.out.println(str[i]); ????????} ????} } |
【運(yùn)行結(jié)果】:
D:\$RECYCLE.BIN
D:\360
D:\360Downloads
D:\360Rec
D:\360SoftMove
D:\Config.Msi
D:\da
D:\Downloads
D:\DriversBackup
D:\eclipse
D:\java web整合開(kāi)發(fā)和項(xiàng)目實(shí)戰(zhàn)
D:\Lenovo
D:\MSOCache
D:\Program
D:\Program Files
D:\python
D:\RECYGLER.{8F92DA15-A229-A4D5-B5CE-5280C8B89C19}
D:\System Volume Information
D:\Tomcat6
D:\var
D:\vod_cache_data
D:\新建文件夾
通過(guò)比較可以指定,使用listFiles更加方便、
?
判斷一個(gè)指定的路徑是否為目錄
?| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | /** ?* 使用isDirectory判斷一個(gè)指定的路徑是否為目錄 ?* */ import?java.io.*; class?hello{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) { ????????String fileName="D:"+File.separator; ????????File f=new?File(fileName); ????????if(f.isDirectory()){ ????????????System.out.println("YES"); ????????}else{ ????????????System.out.println("NO"); ????????} ????} } |
【運(yùn)行結(jié)果】:YES
?
搜索指定目錄的全部?jī)?nèi)容
?
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 | /** ?* 列出指定目錄的全部?jī)?nèi)容 ?* */ import?java.io.*; class?hello{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) { ????????String fileName="D:"+File.separator; ????????File f=new?File(fileName); ????????print(f); ????} ????public?static?void?print(File f){ ????????if(f!=null){ ????????????if(f.isDirectory()){ ????????????????File[] fileArray=f.listFiles(); ????????????????if(fileArray!=null){ ????????????????????for?(int?i = 0; i < fileArray.length; i++) { ????????????????????????//遞歸調(diào)用 ????????????????????????print(fileArray[i]); ????????????????????} ????????????????} ????????????} ????????????else{ ????????????????System.out.println(f); ????????????} ????????} ????} } |
【運(yùn)行結(jié)果】:
D:\Tomcat6\work\Catalina\localhost\nevel\org\apache\jsp\framepages\web4welcome_jsp.java
D:\Tomcat6\work\Catalina\localhost\nevel\org\apache\jsp\help_005fhome_jsp.class
D:\Tomcat6\work\Catalina\localhost\nevel\org\apache\jsp\help_005fhome_jsp.java
D:\Tomcat6\work\Catalina\localhost\nevel\org\apache\jsp\home_jsp.class
D:\Tomcat6\work\Catalina\localhost\nevel\org\apache\jsp\home_jsp.java
D:\Tomcat6\work\Catalina\localhost\nevel\org\apache\jsp\index_jsp.class
D:\Tomcat6\work\Catalina\localhost\nevel\org\apache\jsp\index_jsp.java
D:\Tomcat6\work\Catalina\localhost\nevel\org\apache\jsp\login_jsp.class
D:\Tomcat6\work\Catalina\localhost\nevel\org\apache\jsp\login_jsp.java
D:\Tomcat6\work\Catalina\localhost\nevel\org\apache\jsp\modify_005fuser_005finfo_jsp.class
D:\Tomcat6\work\Catalina\localhost\nevel\org\apache\jsp\modify_005fuser_005finfo_jsp.java
D:\Tomcat6\work\Catalina\localhost\nevel\org\apache\jsp\register_005fnotify_jsp.class
D:\Tomcat6\work\Catalina\localhost\nevel\org\apache\jsp\register_005fnotify_jsp.java
D:\Tomcat6\work\Catalina\localhost\nevel\org\apache\jsp\sign_005fup_jsp.class
D:\Tomcat6\work\Catalina\localhost\nevel\org\apache\jsp\sign_005fup_jsp.java
D:\Tomcat6\work\Catalina\localhost\nevel\org\apache\jsp\transit_jsp.class
……
?
【使用RandomAccessFile寫(xiě)入文件】
?
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 | /** ?* 使用RandomAccessFile寫(xiě)入文件 ?* */ import?java.io.*; class?hello{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) throws?IOException { ????????String fileName="D:"+File.separator+"hello.txt"; ????????File f=new?File(fileName); ????????RandomAccessFile demo=new?RandomAccessFile(f,"rw"); ????????demo.writeBytes("asdsad"); ????????demo.writeInt(12); ????????demo.writeBoolean(true); ????????demo.writeChar('A'); ????????demo.writeFloat(1.21f); ????????demo.writeDouble(12.123); ????????demo.close();?? ????} } |
如果你此時(shí)打開(kāi)hello。txt查看的話,會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)那是亂碼。
?
字節(jié)流
【向文件中寫(xiě)入字符串】
?| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | /** ?* 字節(jié)流 ?* 向文件中寫(xiě)入字符串 ?* */ import?java.io.*; class?hello{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) throws?IOException { ????????String fileName="D:"+File.separator+"hello.txt"; ????????File f=new?File(fileName); ????????OutputStream out =new?FileOutputStream(f); ????????String str="你好"; ????????byte[] b=str.getBytes(); ????????out.write(b); ????????out.close(); ????} } |
查看hello.txt會(huì)看到“你好”
當(dāng)然也可以一個(gè)字節(jié)一個(gè)字節(jié)的寫(xiě)。
?| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 | /** ?* 字節(jié)流 ?* 向文件中一個(gè)字節(jié)一個(gè)字節(jié)的寫(xiě)入字符串 ?* */ import?java.io.*; class?hello{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) throws?IOException { ????????String fileName="D:"+File.separator+"hello.txt"; ????????File f=new?File(fileName); ????????OutputStream out =new?FileOutputStream(f); ????????String str="你好"; ????????byte[] b=str.getBytes(); ????????for?(int?i = 0; i < b.length; i++) { ????????????out.write(b[i]); ????????} ????????out.close(); ????} } |
結(jié)果還是:“你好”
?
向文件中追加新內(nèi)容:
?| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 | /** ?* 字節(jié)流 ?* 向文件中追加新內(nèi)容: ?* */ import?java.io.*; class?hello{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) throws?IOException { ????????String fileName="D:"+File.separator+"hello.txt"; ????????File f=new?File(fileName); ????????OutputStream out =new?FileOutputStream(f,true); ????????String str="Rollen"; ????????//String str="\r\nRollen";? 可以換行 ????????byte[] b=str.getBytes(); ????????for?(int?i = 0; i < b.length; i++) { ????????????out.write(b[i]); ????????} ????????out.close(); ????} } |
【運(yùn)行結(jié)果】:
你好Rollen
?
【讀取文件內(nèi)容】
?| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | /** ?* 字節(jié)流 ?* 讀文件內(nèi)容 ?* */ import?java.io.*; class?hello{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) throws?IOException { ????????String fileName="D:"+File.separator+"hello.txt"; ????????File f=new?File(fileName); ????????InputStream in=new?FileInputStream(f); ????????byte[] b=new?byte[1024]; ????????in.read(b); ????????in.close(); ????????System.out.println(new?String(b)); ????} } |
【運(yùn)行結(jié)果】
你好Rollen
Rollen_
但是這個(gè)例子讀取出來(lái)會(huì)有大量的空格,我們可以利用in.read(b);的返回值來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)程序。如下:
?| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 | /** ?* 字節(jié)流 ?* 讀文件內(nèi)容 ?* */ import?java.io.*; class?hello{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) throws?IOException { ????????String fileName="D:"+File.separator+"hello.txt"; ????????File f=new?File(fileName); ????????InputStream in=new?FileInputStream(f); ????????byte[] b=new?byte[1024]; ????????int?len=in.read(b); ????????in.close(); ????????System.out.println("讀入長(zhǎng)度為:"+len); ????????System.out.println(new?String(b,0,len)); ????} } |
【運(yùn)行結(jié)果】:
讀入長(zhǎng)度為:18
你好Rollen
Rollen
?
讀者觀察上面的例子可以看出,我們預(yù)先申請(qǐng)了一個(gè)指定大小的空間,但是有時(shí)候這個(gè)空間可能太小,有時(shí)候可能太大,我們需要準(zhǔn)確的大小,這樣節(jié)省空間,那么我們可以這樣干:
?
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 | /** ?* 字節(jié)流 ?* 讀文件內(nèi)容,節(jié)省空間 ?* */ import?java.io.*; class?hello{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) throws?IOException { ????????String fileName="D:"+File.separator+"hello.txt"; ????????File f=new?File(fileName); ????????InputStream in=new?FileInputStream(f); ????????byte[] b=new?byte[(int)f.length()]; ????????in.read(b); ????????System.out.println("文件長(zhǎng)度為:"+f.length()); ????????in.close(); ????????System.out.println(new?String(b)); ????} } |
文件長(zhǎng)度為:18
你好Rollen
Rollen
?
將上面的例子改為一個(gè)一個(gè)讀:
?
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 | /** ?* 字節(jié)流 ?* 讀文件內(nèi)容,節(jié)省空間 ?* */ import?java.io.*; class?hello{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) throws?IOException { ????????String fileName="D:"+File.separator+"hello.txt"; ????????File f=new?File(fileName); ????????InputStream in=new?FileInputStream(f); ????????byte[] b=new?byte[(int)f.length()]; ????????for?(int?i = 0; i < b.length; i++) { ????????????b[i]=(byte)in.read(); ????????} ????????in.close(); ????????System.out.println(new?String(b)); ????} } |
輸出的結(jié)果和上面的一樣。
?
細(xì)心的讀者可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),上面的幾個(gè)例子都是在知道文件的內(nèi)容多大,然后才展開(kāi)的,有時(shí)候我們不知道文件有多大,這種情況下,我們需要判斷是否獨(dú)到文件的末尾。
?
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 | /** ?* 字節(jié)流 ?*讀文件 ?* */ import?java.io.*; class?hello{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) throws?IOException { ????????String fileName="D:"+File.separator+"hello.txt"; ????????File f=new?File(fileName); ????????InputStream in=new?FileInputStream(f); ????????byte[] b=new?byte[1024]; ????????int?count =0; ????????int?temp=0; ????????while((temp=in.read())!=(-1)){ ????????????b[count++]=(byte)temp; ????????} ????????in.close(); ????????System.out.println(new?String(b)); ????} } |
【運(yùn)行結(jié)果】
你好Rollen
Rollen_
提醒一下,當(dāng)獨(dú)到文件末尾的時(shí)候會(huì)返回-1.正常情況下是不會(huì)返回-1的
?
字符流
【向文件中寫(xiě)入數(shù)據(jù)】
現(xiàn)在我們使用字符流
?
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | /** ?* 字符流 ?* 寫(xiě)入數(shù)據(jù) ?* */ import?java.io.*; class?hello{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) throws?IOException { ????????String fileName="D:"+File.separator+"hello.txt"; ????????File f=new?File(fileName); ????????Writer out =new?FileWriter(f); ????????String str="hello"; ????????out.write(str); ????????out.close(); ????} } |
當(dāng)你打開(kāi)hello。txt的時(shí)候,會(huì)看到hello
其實(shí)這個(gè)例子上之前的例子沒(méi)什么區(qū)別,只是你可以直接輸入字符串,而不需要你將字符串轉(zhuǎn)化為字節(jié)數(shù)組。
當(dāng)你如果想問(wèn)文件中追加內(nèi)容的時(shí)候,可以使用將上面的聲明out的哪一行換為:
Writer out =new?FileWriter(f,true);
這樣,當(dāng)你運(yùn)行程序的時(shí)候,會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)文件內(nèi)容變?yōu)?#xff1a;
hellohello如果想在文件中換行的話,需要使用“\r\n”
比如將str變?yōu)?/span>String str="\r\nhello";
這樣文件追加的str的內(nèi)容就會(huì)換行了。
?
從文件中讀內(nèi)容:
?
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 | /** ?* 字符流 ?* 從文件中讀出內(nèi)容 ?* */ import?java.io.*; class?hello{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) throws?IOException { ????????String fileName="D:"+File.separator+"hello.txt"; ????????File f=new?File(fileName); ????????char[] ch=new?char[100]; ????????Reader read=new?FileReader(f); ????????int?count=read.read(ch); ????????read.close(); ????????System.out.println("讀入的長(zhǎng)度為:"+count); ????????System.out.println("內(nèi)容為"+new?String(ch,0,count)); ????} } |
【運(yùn)行結(jié)果】:
讀入的長(zhǎng)度為:17
內(nèi)容為hellohello
hello
?
當(dāng)然最好采用循環(huán)讀取的方式,因?yàn)槲覀冇袝r(shí)候不知道文件到底有多大。
?
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 | /** ?* 字符流 ?* 從文件中讀出內(nèi)容 ?* */ import?java.io.*; class?hello{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) throws?IOException { ????????String fileName="D:"+File.separator+"hello.txt"; ????????File f=new?File(fileName); ????????char[] ch=new?char[100]; ????????Reader read=new?FileReader(f); ????????int?temp=0; ????????int?count=0; ????????while((temp=read.read())!=(-1)){ ????????????ch[count++]=(char)temp; ????????} ????????read.close(); ????????System.out.println("內(nèi)容為"+new?String(ch,0,count)); ????} } |
運(yùn)行結(jié)果:
內(nèi)容為hellohello
hello
?
關(guān)于字節(jié)流和字符流的區(qū)別
實(shí)際上字節(jié)流在操作的時(shí)候本身是不會(huì)用到緩沖區(qū)的,是文件本身的直接操作的,但是字符流在操作的?時(shí)候下后是會(huì)用到緩沖區(qū)的,是通過(guò)緩沖區(qū)來(lái)操作文件的。
讀者可以試著將上面的字節(jié)流和字符流的程序的最后一行關(guān)閉文件的代碼注釋掉,然后運(yùn)行程序看看。你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)使用字節(jié)流的話,文件中已經(jīng)存在內(nèi)容,但是使用字符流的時(shí)候,文件中還是沒(méi)有內(nèi)容的,這個(gè)時(shí)候就要刷新緩沖區(qū)。
使用字節(jié)流好還是字符流好呢?
答案是字節(jié)流。首先因?yàn)橛脖P(pán)上的所有文件都是以字節(jié)的形式進(jìn)行傳輸或者保存的,包括圖片等內(nèi)容。但是字符只是在內(nèi)存中才會(huì)形成的,所以在開(kāi)發(fā)中,字節(jié)流使用廣泛。
文件的復(fù)制
其實(shí)DOS下就有一個(gè)文件復(fù)制功能,比如我們想把d盤(pán)下面的hello.txt文件復(fù)制到d盤(pán)下面的rollen.txt文件中,那么我們就可以使用下面的命令:
copy d:\hello.txt d:\rollen.txt
運(yùn)行之后你會(huì)在d盤(pán)中看見(jiàn)hello.txt.,并且兩個(gè)文件的內(nèi)容是一樣的,(這是屁話)
?
下面我們使用程序來(lái)復(fù)制文件吧。
基本思路還是從一個(gè)文件中讀入內(nèi)容,邊讀邊寫(xiě)入另一個(gè)文件,就是這么簡(jiǎn)單。、
首先編寫(xiě)下面的代碼:
?| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 | /** ?* 文件的復(fù)制 ?* */ import?java.io.*; class?hello{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) throws?IOException { ????????if(args.length!=2){ ????????????System.out.println("命令行參數(shù)輸入有誤,請(qǐng)檢查"); ????????????System.exit(1); ????????} ????????File file1=new?File(args[0]); ????????File file2=new?File(args[1]); ????????? ????????if(!file1.exists()){ ????????????System.out.println("被復(fù)制的文件不存在"); ????????????System.exit(1); ????????} ????????InputStream input=new?FileInputStream(file1); ????????OutputStream output=new?FileOutputStream(file2); ????????if((input!=null)&&(output!=null)){ ????????????int?temp=0; ????????????while((temp=input.read())!=(-1)){ ????????????????output.write(temp); ????????????} ????????} ????????input.close(); ????????output.close(); ????} } |
然后在命令行下面
javac hello.java
java hello d:\hello.txt d:\rollen.txt
現(xiàn)在你就會(huì)在d盤(pán)看到rollen。txt了,
OutputStreramWriter?和InputStreamReader類
整個(gè)IO類中除了字節(jié)流和字符流還包括字節(jié)和字符轉(zhuǎn)換流。
OutputStreramWriter將輸出的字符流轉(zhuǎn)化為字節(jié)流
InputStreamReader將輸入的字節(jié)流轉(zhuǎn)換為字符流
但是不管如何操作,最后都是以字節(jié)的形式保存在文件中的。
?
將字節(jié)輸出流轉(zhuǎn)化為字符輸出流
?| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 | /** ?* 將字節(jié)輸出流轉(zhuǎn)化為字符輸出流 ?* */ import?java.io.*; class?hello{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) throws?IOException { ????????String fileName= "d:"+File.separator+"hello.txt"; ????????File file=new?File(fileName); ????????Writer out=new?OutputStreamWriter(new?FileOutputStream(file)); ????????out.write("hello"); ????????out.close(); ????} } |
運(yùn)行結(jié)果:文件中內(nèi)容為:hello
將字節(jié)輸入流變?yōu)樽址斎肓?/h4> ?
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | /** ?* 將字節(jié)輸入流變?yōu)樽址斎肓??* */ import?java.io.*; class?hello{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) throws?IOException { ????????String fileName= "d:"+File.separator+"hello.txt"; ????????File file=new?File(fileName); ????????Reader read=new?InputStreamReader(new?FileInputStream(file)); ????????char[] b=new?char[100]; ????????int?len=read.read(b); ????????System.out.println(new?String(b,0,len)); ????????read.close(); ????} } |
【運(yùn)行結(jié)果】:hello
前面列舉的輸出輸入都是以文件進(jìn)行的,現(xiàn)在我們以內(nèi)容為輸出輸入目的地,使用內(nèi)存操作流
ByteArrayInputStream?主要將內(nèi)容寫(xiě)入內(nèi)容
ByteArrayOutputStream??主要將內(nèi)容從內(nèi)存輸出
使用內(nèi)存操作流將一個(gè)大寫(xiě)字母轉(zhuǎn)化為小寫(xiě)字母
?| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 | /** ?* 使用內(nèi)存操作流將一個(gè)大寫(xiě)字母轉(zhuǎn)化為小寫(xiě)字母 ?* */ import?java.io.*; class?hello{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) throws?IOException { ????????String str="ROLLENHOLT"; ????????ByteArrayInputStream input=new?ByteArrayInputStream(str.getBytes()); ????????ByteArrayOutputStream output=new?ByteArrayOutputStream(); ????????int?temp=0; ????????while((temp=input.read())!=-1){ ????????????char?ch=(char)temp; ????????????output.write(Character.toLowerCase(ch)); ????????} ????????String outStr=output.toString(); ????????input.close(); ????????output.close(); ????????System.out.println(outStr); ????} } |
【運(yùn)行結(jié)果】:
rollenholt
內(nèi)容操作流一般使用來(lái)生成一些臨時(shí)信息采用的,這樣可以避免刪除的麻煩。
管道流
管道流主要可以進(jìn)行兩個(gè)線程之間的通信。
PipedOutputStream?管道輸出流
PipedInputStream?管道輸入流
驗(yàn)證管道流
?| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 | /** ?* 驗(yàn)證管道流 ?* */ import?java.io.*; /** ?* 消息發(fā)送類 ?* */ class?Send implements?Runnable{ ????private?PipedOutputStream out=null; ????public?Send() { ????????out=new?PipedOutputStream(); ????} ????public?PipedOutputStream getOut(){ ????????return?this.out; ????} ????public?void?run(){ ????????String message="hello , Rollen"; ????????try{ ????????????out.write(message.getBytes()); ????????}catch?(Exception e) { ????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????}try{ ????????????out.close(); ????????}catch?(Exception e) { ????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????} ????} } /** ?* 接受消息類 ?* */ class?Recive implements?Runnable{ ????private?PipedInputStream input=null; ????public?Recive(){ ????????this.input=new?PipedInputStream(); ????} ????public?PipedInputStream getInput(){ ????????return?this.input; ????} ????public?void?run(){ ????????byte[] b=new?byte[1000]; ????????int?len=0; ????????try{ ????????????len=this.input.read(b); ????????}catch?(Exception e) { ????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????}try{ ????????????input.close(); ????????}catch?(Exception e) { ????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????} ????????System.out.println("接受的內(nèi)容為 "+(new?String(b,0,len))); ????} } /** ?* 測(cè)試類 ?* */ class?hello{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) throws?IOException { ????????Send send=new?Send(); ????????Recive recive=new?Recive(); ????????try{ //管道連接 ????????????send.getOut().connect(recive.getInput()); ????????}catch?(Exception e) { ????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????} ????????new?Thread(send).start(); ????????new?Thread(recive).start(); ????} } |
【運(yùn)行結(jié)果】:
接受的內(nèi)容為?hello , Rollen
打印流
?| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 | /** ?* 使用PrintStream進(jìn)行輸出 ?* */ import?java.io.*; class?hello { ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) throws?IOException { ????????PrintStream print = new?PrintStream(new?FileOutputStream(new?File("d:" ????????????????+ File.separator + "hello.txt"))); ????????print.println(true); ????????print.println("Rollen"); ????????print.close(); ????} } |
【運(yùn)行結(jié)果】:
true
Rollen
當(dāng)然也可以格式化輸出
?| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | /** ?* 使用PrintStream進(jìn)行輸出 ?* 并進(jìn)行格式化 ?* */ import?java.io.*; class?hello { ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) throws?IOException { ????????PrintStream print = new?PrintStream(new?FileOutputStream(new?File("d:" ????????????????+ File.separator + "hello.txt"))); ????????String name="Rollen"; ????????int?age=20; ????????print.printf("姓名:%s. 年齡:%d.",name,age); ????????print.close(); ????} } |
【運(yùn)行結(jié)果】:
姓名:Rollen.?年齡:20.
?
使用OutputStream向屏幕上輸出內(nèi)容
?| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 | /** ?* 使用OutputStream向屏幕上輸出內(nèi)容 ?* */ import?java.io.*; class?hello { ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) throws?IOException { ????????OutputStream out=System.out; ????????try{ ????????????out.write("hello".getBytes()); ????????}catch?(Exception e) { ????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????} ????????try{ ????????????out.close(); ????????}catch?(Exception e) { ????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????} ????} } |
【運(yùn)行結(jié)果】:
hello
?
輸入輸出重定向
?| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 | import?java.io.File; import?java.io.FileNotFoundException; import?java.io.FileOutputStream; import?java.io.PrintStream; /** ?* 為System.out.println()重定向輸出 ?* */ public?class?systemDemo{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args){ ????????// 此刻直接輸出到屏幕 ????????System.out.println("hello"); ????????File file = new?File("d:"?+ File.separator + "hello.txt"); ????????try{ ????????????System.setOut(new?PrintStream(new?FileOutputStream(file))); ????????}catch(FileNotFoundException e){ ????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????} ????????System.out.println("這些內(nèi)容在文件中才能看到哦!"); ????} } |
【運(yùn)行結(jié)果】:
eclipse的控制臺(tái)輸出的是hello。然后當(dāng)我們查看d盤(pán)下面的hello.txt文件的時(shí)候,會(huì)在里面看到:這些內(nèi)容在文件中才能看到哦!
?| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 | import?java.io.File; import?java.io.FileNotFoundException; import?java.io.FileOutputStream; import?java.io.PrintStream; /** ?* System.err重定向 這個(gè)例子也提示我們可以使用這種方法保存錯(cuò)誤信息 ?* */ public?class?systemErr{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args){ ????????File file = new?File("d:"?+ File.separator + "hello.txt"); ????????System.err.println("這些在控制臺(tái)輸出"); ????????try{ ????????????System.setErr(new?PrintStream(new?FileOutputStream(file))); ????????}catch(FileNotFoundException e){ ????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????} ????????System.err.println("這些在文件中才能看到哦!"); ????} } |
【運(yùn)行結(jié)果】:
你會(huì)在eclipse的控制臺(tái)看到紅色的輸出:“這些在控制臺(tái)輸出”,然后在d盤(pán)下面的hello.txt中會(huì)看到:這些在文件中才能看到哦!
?| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 | import?java.io.File; import?java.io.FileInputStream; import?java.io.FileNotFoundException; import?java.io.IOException; /** ?* System.in重定向 ?* */ public?class?systemIn{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args){ ????????File file = new?File("d:"?+ File.separator + "hello.txt"); ????????if(!file.exists()){ ????????????return; ????????}else{ ????????????try{ ????????????????System.setIn(new?FileInputStream(file)); ????????????}catch(FileNotFoundException e){ ????????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????????} ????????????byte[] bytes = new?byte[1024]; ????????????int?len = 0; ????????????try{ ????????????????len = System.in.read(bytes); ????????????}catch(IOException e){ ????????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????????} ????????????System.out.println("讀入的內(nèi)容為:"?+ new?String(bytes, 0, len)); ????????} ????} } |
【運(yùn)行結(jié)果】:
前提是我的d盤(pán)下面的hello.txt中的內(nèi)容是:“這些文件中的內(nèi)容哦!”,然后運(yùn)行程序,輸出的結(jié)果為:讀入的內(nèi)容為:這些文件中的內(nèi)容哦!
?
BufferedReader的小例子
注意:?BufferedReader只能接受字符流的緩沖區(qū),因?yàn)槊恳粋€(gè)中文需要占據(jù)兩個(gè)字節(jié),所以需要將System.in這個(gè)字節(jié)輸入流變?yōu)樽址斎肓?#xff0c;采用:
?| BufferedReader buf = new?BufferedReader( ????????????????new?InputStreamReader(System.in)); |
下面給一個(gè)實(shí)例:
?| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 | import?java.io.BufferedReader; import?java.io.IOException; import?java.io.InputStreamReader; /** ?* 使用緩沖區(qū)從鍵盤(pán)上讀入內(nèi)容 ?* */ public?class?BufferedReaderDemo{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args){ ????????BufferedReader buf = new?BufferedReader( ????????????????new?InputStreamReader(System.in)); ????????String str = null; ????????System.out.println("請(qǐng)輸入內(nèi)容"); ????????try{ ????????????str = buf.readLine(); ????????}catch(IOException e){ ????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????} ????????System.out.println("你輸入的內(nèi)容是:"?+ str); ????} } |
運(yùn)行結(jié)果:
請(qǐng)輸入內(nèi)容
dasdas
你輸入的內(nèi)容是:dasdas
?
Scanner類
其實(shí)我們比較常用的是采用Scanner類來(lái)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)輸入,下面來(lái)給一個(gè)Scanner的例子吧
?| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 | import?java.util.Scanner; /** ?* Scanner的小例子,從鍵盤(pán)讀數(shù)據(jù) ?* */ public?class?ScannerDemo{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args){ ????????Scanner sca = new?Scanner(System.in); ????????// 讀一個(gè)整數(shù) ????????int?temp = sca.nextInt(); ????????System.out.println(temp); ????????//讀取浮點(diǎn)數(shù) ????????float?flo=sca.nextFloat(); ????????System.out.println(flo); ????????//讀取字符 ????????//...等等的,都是一些太基礎(chǔ)的,就不師范了。 ????} } |
其實(shí)Scanner可以接受任何的輸入流
下面給一個(gè)使用Scanner類從文件中讀出內(nèi)容
?| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 | import?java.io.File; import?java.io.FileNotFoundException; import?java.util.Scanner; /** ?* Scanner的小例子,從文件中讀內(nèi)容 ?* */ public?class?ScannerDemo{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args){ ????????File file = new?File("d:"?+ File.separator + "hello.txt"); ????????Scanner sca = null; ????????try{ ????????????sca = new?Scanner(file); ????????}catch(FileNotFoundException e){ ????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????} ????????String str = sca.next(); ????????System.out.println("從文件中讀取的內(nèi)容是:"?+ str); ????} } |
【運(yùn)行結(jié)果】:
從文件中讀取的內(nèi)容是:這些文件中的內(nèi)容哦!
數(shù)據(jù)操作流DataOutputStream、DataInputStream類
?| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 | import?java.io.DataOutputStream; import?java.io.File; import?java.io.FileOutputStream; import?java.io.IOException; public?class?DataOutputStreamDemo{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) throws?IOException{ ????????File file = new?File("d:"?+ File.separator + "hello.txt"); ????????char[] ch = { 'A', 'B', 'C'?}; ????????DataOutputStream out = null; ????????out = new?DataOutputStream(new?FileOutputStream(file)); ????????for(char?temp : ch){ ????????????out.writeChar(temp); ????????} ????????out.close(); ????} } |
A B C
現(xiàn)在我們?cè)谏厦胬拥幕A(chǔ)上,使用DataInputStream讀出內(nèi)容
?| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 | import?java.io.DataInputStream; import?java.io.File; import?java.io.FileInputStream; import?java.io.IOException; public?class?DataOutputStreamDemo{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) throws?IOException{ ????????File file = new?File("d:"?+ File.separator + "hello.txt"); ????????DataInputStream input = new?DataInputStream(new?FileInputStream(file)); ????????char[] ch = new?char[10]; ????????int?count = 0; ????????char?temp; ????????while((temp = input.readChar()) != 'C'){ ????????????ch[count++] = temp; ????????} ????????System.out.println(ch); ????} } |
【運(yùn)行結(jié)果】:
AB
合并流?SequenceInputStream
SequenceInputStream主要用來(lái)將2個(gè)流合并在一起,比如將兩個(gè)txt中的內(nèi)容合并為另外一個(gè)txt。下面給出一個(gè)實(shí)例:
?| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 | import?java.io.File; import?java.io.FileInputStream; import?java.io.FileOutputStream; import?java.io.IOException; import?java.io.InputStream; import?java.io.OutputStream; import?java.io.SequenceInputStream; /** ?* 將兩個(gè)文本文件合并為另外一個(gè)文本文件 ?* */ public?class?SequenceInputStreamDemo{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) throws?IOException{ ????????File file1 = new?File("d:"?+ File.separator + "hello1.txt"); ????????File file2 = new?File("d:"?+ File.separator + "hello2.txt"); ????????File file3 = new?File("d:"?+ File.separator + "hello.txt"); ????????InputStream input1 = new?FileInputStream(file1); ????????InputStream input2 = new?FileInputStream(file2); ????????OutputStream output = new?FileOutputStream(file3); ????????// 合并流 ????????SequenceInputStream sis = new?SequenceInputStream(input1, input2); ????????int?temp = 0; ????????while((temp = sis.read()) != -1){ ????????????output.write(temp); ????????} ????????input1.close(); ????????input2.close(); ????????output.close(); ????????sis.close(); ????} } |
【運(yùn)行結(jié)果】
結(jié)果會(huì)在hello.txt文件中包含hello1.txt和hello2.txt文件中的內(nèi)容。
文件壓縮?ZipOutputStream類
先舉一個(gè)壓縮單個(gè)文件的例子吧:
?| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 | import?java.io.File; import?java.io.FileInputStream; import?java.io.FileOutputStream; import?java.io.IOException; import?java.io.InputStream; import?java.util.zip.ZipEntry; import?java.util.zip.ZipOutputStream; public?class?ZipOutputStreamDemo1{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) throws?IOException{ ????????File file = new?File("d:"?+ File.separator + "hello.txt"); ????????File zipFile = new?File("d:"?+ File.separator + "hello.zip"); ????????InputStream input = new?FileInputStream(file); ????????ZipOutputStream zipOut = new?ZipOutputStream(new?FileOutputStream( ????????????????zipFile)); ????????zipOut.putNextEntry(new?ZipEntry(file.getName())); ????????// 設(shè)置注釋 ????????zipOut.setComment("hello"); ????????int?temp = 0; ????????while((temp = input.read()) != -1){ ????????????zipOut.write(temp); ????????} ????????input.close(); ????????zipOut.close(); ????} } |
【運(yùn)行結(jié)果】
運(yùn)行結(jié)果之前,我創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)hello.txt的文件,原本大小56個(gè)字節(jié),但是壓縮之后產(chǎn)生hello.zip之后,居然變成了175個(gè)字節(jié),有點(diǎn)搞不懂。
不過(guò)結(jié)果肯定是正確的,我只是提出我的一個(gè)疑問(wèn)而已。
上面的這個(gè)例子測(cè)試的是壓縮單個(gè)文件,下面的們來(lái)看看如何壓縮多個(gè)文件。
?| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 | import?java.io.File; import?java.io.FileInputStream; import?java.io.FileOutputStream; import?java.io.IOException; import?java.io.InputStream; import?java.util.zip.ZipEntry; import?java.util.zip.ZipOutputStream; /** ?* 一次性壓縮多個(gè)文件 ?* */ public?class?ZipOutputStreamDemo2{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) throws?IOException{ ????????// 要被壓縮的文件夾 ????????File file = new?File("d:"?+ File.separator + "temp"); ????????File zipFile = new?File("d:"?+ File.separator + "zipFile.zip"); ????????InputStream input = null; ????????ZipOutputStream zipOut = new?ZipOutputStream(new?FileOutputStream( ????????????????zipFile)); ????????zipOut.setComment("hello"); ????????if(file.isDirectory()){ ????????????File[] files = file.listFiles(); ????????????for(int?i = 0; i < files.length; ++i){ ????????????????input = new?FileInputStream(files[i]); ????????????????zipOut.putNextEntry(new?ZipEntry(file.getName() ????????????????????????+ File.separator + files[i].getName())); ????????????????int?temp = 0; ????????????????while((temp = input.read()) != -1){ ????????????????????zipOut.write(temp); ????????????????} ????????????????input.close(); ????????????} ????????} ????????zipOut.close(); ????} } |
【運(yùn)行結(jié)果】
先看看要被壓縮的文件吧:
接下來(lái)看看壓縮之后的:
大家自然想到,既然能壓縮,自然能解壓縮,在談解壓縮之前,我們會(huì)用到一個(gè)ZipFile類,先給一個(gè)這個(gè)例子吧。java中的每一個(gè)壓縮文件都是可以使用ZipFile來(lái)進(jìn)行表示的
?| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 | import?java.io.File; import?java.io.IOException; import?java.util.zip.ZipFile; /** ?* ZipFile演示 ?* */ public?class?ZipFileDemo{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) throws?IOException{ ????????File file = new?File("d:"?+ File.separator + "hello.zip"); ????????ZipFile zipFile = new?ZipFile(file); ????????System.out.println("壓縮文件的名稱為:"?+ zipFile.getName()); ????} } |
【運(yùn)行結(jié)果】:
壓縮文件的名稱為:d:\hello.zip
?
現(xiàn)在我們呢是時(shí)候來(lái)看看如何加壓縮文件了,和之前一樣,先讓我們來(lái)解壓?jiǎn)蝹€(gè)壓縮文件(也就是壓縮文件中只有一個(gè)文件的情況),我們采用前面的例子產(chǎn)生的壓縮文件hello.zip
?| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 | import?java.io.File; import?java.io.FileOutputStream; import?java.io.IOException; import?java.io.InputStream; import?java.io.OutputStream; import?java.util.zip.ZipEntry; import?java.util.zip.ZipFile; /** ?* 解壓縮文件(壓縮文件中只有一個(gè)文件的情況) ?* */ public?class?ZipFileDemo2{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) throws?IOException{ ????????File file = new?File("d:"?+ File.separator + "hello.zip"); ????????File outFile = new?File("d:"?+ File.separator + "unZipFile.txt"); ????????ZipFile zipFile = new?ZipFile(file); ????????ZipEntry entry = zipFile.getEntry("hello.txt"); ????????InputStream input = zipFile.getInputStream(entry); ????????OutputStream output = new?FileOutputStream(outFile); ????????int?temp = 0; ????????while((temp = input.read()) != -1){ ????????????output.write(temp); ????????} ????????input.close(); ????????output.close(); ????} } |
【運(yùn)行結(jié)果】:
解壓縮之前:
這個(gè)壓縮文件還是175字節(jié)
解壓之后產(chǎn)生:
又回到了56字節(jié),表示郁悶。
?
現(xiàn)在讓我們來(lái)解壓一個(gè)壓縮文件中包含多個(gè)文件的情況吧
ZipInputStream類
當(dāng)我們需要解壓縮多個(gè)文件的時(shí)候,ZipEntry就無(wú)法使用了,如果想操作更加復(fù)雜的壓縮文件,我們就必須使用ZipInputStream類
?| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 | import?java.io.File; import?java.io.FileInputStream; import?java.io.FileOutputStream; import?java.io.IOException; import?java.io.InputStream; import?java.io.OutputStream; import?java.util.zip.ZipEntry; import?java.util.zip.ZipFile; import?java.util.zip.ZipInputStream; /** ?* 解壓縮一個(gè)壓縮文件中包含多個(gè)文件的情況 ?* */ public?class?ZipFileDemo3{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) throws?IOException{ ????????File file = new?File("d:"?+ File.separator + "zipFile.zip"); ????????File outFile = null; ????????ZipFile zipFile = new?ZipFile(file); ????????ZipInputStream zipInput = new?ZipInputStream(new?FileInputStream(file)); ????????ZipEntry entry = null; ????????InputStream input = null; ????????OutputStream output = null; ????????while((entry = zipInput.getNextEntry()) != null){ ????????????System.out.println("解壓縮"?+ entry.getName() + "文件"); ????????????outFile = new?File("d:"?+ File.separator + entry.getName()); ????????????if(!outFile.getParentFile().exists()){ ????????????????outFile.getParentFile().mkdir(); ????????????} ????????????if(!outFile.exists()){ ????????????????outFile.createNewFile(); ????????????} ????????????input = zipFile.getInputStream(entry); ????????????output = new?FileOutputStream(outFile); ????????????int?temp = 0; ????????????while((temp = input.read()) != -1){ ????????????????output.write(temp); ????????????} ????????????input.close(); ????????????output.close(); ????????} ????} } |
【運(yùn)行結(jié)果】:
被解壓的文件:
解壓之后再D盤(pán)下會(huì)出現(xiàn)一個(gè)temp文件夾,里面內(nèi)容:
PushBackInputStream回退流
?| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 | import?java.io.ByteArrayInputStream; import?java.io.IOException; import?java.io.PushbackInputStream; /** ?* 回退流操作 ?* */ public?class?PushBackInputStreamDemo{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) throws?IOException{ ????????String str = "hello,rollenholt"; ????????PushbackInputStream push = null; ????????ByteArrayInputStream bat = null; ????????bat = new?ByteArrayInputStream(str.getBytes()); ????????push = new?PushbackInputStream(bat); ????????int?temp = 0; ????????while((temp = push.read()) != -1){ ????????????if(temp == ','){ ????????????????push.unread(temp); ????????????????temp = push.read(); ????????????????System.out.print("(回退"?+ (char) temp + ") "); ????????????}else{ ????????????????System.out.print((char) temp); ????????????} ????????} ????} } |
【運(yùn)行結(jié)果】:
hello(回退,) rollenholt
?| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | /** ?* 取得本地的默認(rèn)編碼 ?* */ public?class?CharSetDemo{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args){ ????????System.out.println("系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)編碼為:"?+ System.getProperty("file.encoding")); ????} } |
【運(yùn)行結(jié)果】:
系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)編碼為:GBK
?
亂碼的產(chǎn)生:
?| import?java.io.File; import?java.io.FileOutputStream; import?java.io.IOException; import?java.io.OutputStream; /** ?* 亂碼的產(chǎn)生 ?* */ public?class?CharSetDemo2{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) throws?IOException{ ????????File file = new?File("d:"?+ File.separator + "hello.txt"); ????????OutputStream out = new?FileOutputStream(file); ????????byte[] bytes = "你好".getBytes("ISO8859-1"); ????????out.write(bytes); ????????out.close(); ????} } |
【運(yùn)行結(jié)果】:
??
?
一般情況下產(chǎn)生亂碼,都是由于編碼不一致的問(wèn)題。
對(duì)象的序列化
對(duì)象序列化就是把一個(gè)對(duì)象變?yōu)槎M(jìn)制數(shù)據(jù)流的一種方法。
一個(gè)類要想被序列化,就行必須實(shí)現(xiàn)java.io.Serializable接口。雖然這個(gè)接口中沒(méi)有任何方法,就如同之前的cloneable接口一樣。實(shí)現(xiàn)了這個(gè)接口之后,就表示這個(gè)類具有被序列化的能力。
先讓我們實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)具有序列化能力的類吧:
?| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 | import?java.io.*; /** ?* 實(shí)現(xiàn)具有序列化能力的類 ?* */ public?class?SerializableDemo implements?Serializable{ ????public?SerializableDemo(){ ????????? ????} ????public?SerializableDemo(String name, int?age){ ????????this.name=name; ????????this.age=age; ????} ????@Override ????public?String toString(){ ????????return?"姓名:"+name+"? 年齡:"+age; ????} ????private?String name; ????private?int?age; } |
這個(gè)類就具有實(shí)現(xiàn)序列化能力,
在繼續(xù)將序列化之前,先將一下ObjectInputStream和ObjectOutputStream這兩個(gè)類
先給一個(gè)ObjectOutputStream的例子吧:
?| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 | import?java.io.Serializable; import?java.io.File; import?java.io.FileOutputStream; import?java.io.IOException; import?java.io.ObjectOutputStream; /** ?* 實(shí)現(xiàn)具有序列化能力的類 ?* */ public?class?Person implements?Serializable{ ????public?Person(){ ????} ????public?Person(String name, int?age){ ????????this.name = name; ????????this.age = age; ????} ????@Override ????public?String toString(){ ????????return?"姓名:"?+ name + "? 年齡:"?+ age; ????} ????private?String name; ????private?int?age; } /** ?* 示范ObjectOutputStream ?* */ public?class?ObjectOutputStreamDemo{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) throws?IOException{ ????????File file = new?File("d:"?+ File.separator + "hello.txt"); ????????ObjectOutputStream oos = new?ObjectOutputStream(new?FileOutputStream( ????????????????file)); ????????oos.writeObject(new?Person("rollen", 20)); ????????oos.close(); ????} } |
【運(yùn)行結(jié)果】:
當(dāng)我們查看產(chǎn)生的hello.txt的時(shí)候,看到的是亂碼,呵呵。因?yàn)槭嵌M(jìn)制文件。
雖然我們不能直接查看里面的內(nèi)容,但是我們可以使用ObjectInputStream類查看:
?| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 | import?java.io.File; import?java.io.FileInputStream; import?java.io.ObjectInputStream; /** ?* ObjectInputStream示范 ?* */ public?class?ObjectInputStreamDemo{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) throws?Exception{ ????????File file = new?File("d:"?+ File.separator + "hello.txt"); ????????ObjectInputStream input = new?ObjectInputStream(new?FileInputStream( ????????????????file)); ????????Object obj = input.readObject(); ????????input.close(); ????????System.out.println(obj); ????} } |
【運(yùn)行結(jié)果】
姓名:rollen??年齡:20
?
到底序列化什么內(nèi)容呢?
其實(shí)只有屬性會(huì)被序列化。
Externalizable接口
被Serializable接口聲明的類的對(duì)象的屬性都將被序列化,但是如果想自定義序列化的內(nèi)容的時(shí)候,就需要實(shí)現(xiàn)Externalizable接口。
當(dāng)一個(gè)類要使用Externalizable這個(gè)接口的時(shí)候,這個(gè)類中必須要有一個(gè)無(wú)參的構(gòu)造函數(shù),如果沒(méi)有的話,在構(gòu)造的時(shí)候會(huì)產(chǎn)生異常,這是因?yàn)樵诜葱蛄性挼臅r(shí)候會(huì)默認(rèn)調(diào)用無(wú)參的構(gòu)造函數(shù)。
現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)演示一下序列化和反序列話:
?| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 | package?IO; import?java.io.Externalizable; import?java.io.File; import?java.io.FileInputStream; import?java.io.FileOutputStream; import?java.io.IOException; import?java.io.ObjectInput; import?java.io.ObjectInputStream; import?java.io.ObjectOutput; import?java.io.ObjectOutputStream; /** ?* 序列化和反序列化的操作 ?* */ public?class?ExternalizableDemo{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) throws?Exception{ ????????ser(); // 序列化 ????????dser(); // 反序列話 ????} ????public?static?void?ser() throws?Exception{ ????????File file = new?File("d:"?+ File.separator + "hello.txt"); ????????ObjectOutputStream out = new?ObjectOutputStream(new?FileOutputStream( ????????????????file)); ????????out.writeObject(new?Person("rollen", 20)); ????????out.close(); ????} ????public?static?void?dser() throws?Exception{ ????????File file = new?File("d:"?+ File.separator + "hello.txt"); ????????ObjectInputStream input = new?ObjectInputStream(new?FileInputStream( ????????????????file)); ????????Object obj = input.readObject(); ????????input.close(); ????????System.out.println(obj); ????} } class?Person implements?Externalizable{ ????public?Person(){ ????} ????public?Person(String name, int?age){ ????????this.name = name; ????????this.age = age; ????} ????@Override ????public?String toString(){ ????????return?"姓名:"?+ name + "? 年齡:"?+ age; ????} ????// 復(fù)寫(xiě)這個(gè)方法,根據(jù)需要可以保存的屬性或者具體內(nèi)容,在序列化的時(shí)候使用 ????@Override ????public?void?writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws?IOException{ ????????out.writeObject(this.name); ????????out.writeInt(age); ????} ????// 復(fù)寫(xiě)這個(gè)方法,根據(jù)需要讀取內(nèi)容 反序列話的時(shí)候需要 ????@Override ????public?void?readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws?IOException, ????????????ClassNotFoundException{ ????????this.name = (String) in.readObject(); ????????this.age = in.readInt(); ????} ????private?String name; ????private?int?age; } |
【運(yùn)行結(jié)果】:
姓名:rollen??年齡:20
本例中,我們將全部的屬性都保留了下來(lái),
Serializable接口實(shí)現(xiàn)的操作其實(shí)是吧一個(gè)對(duì)象中的全部屬性進(jìn)行序列化,當(dāng)然也可以使用我們上使用是Externalizable接口以實(shí)現(xiàn)部分屬性的序列化,但是這樣的操作比較麻煩,
當(dāng)我們使用Serializable接口實(shí)現(xiàn)序列化操作的時(shí)候,如果一個(gè)對(duì)象的某一個(gè)屬性不想被序列化保存下來(lái),那么我們可以使用transient關(guān)鍵字進(jìn)行說(shuō)明:
下面舉一個(gè)例子:
?| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 | package?IO; import?java.io.File; import?java.io.FileInputStream; import?java.io.FileOutputStream; import?java.io.ObjectInputStream; import?java.io.ObjectOutputStream; import?java.io.Serializable; /** ?* 序列化和反序列化的操作 ?* */ public?class?serDemo{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) throws?Exception{ ????????ser(); // 序列化 ????????dser(); // 反序列話 ????} ????public?static?void?ser() throws?Exception{ ????????File file = new?File("d:"?+ File.separator + "hello.txt"); ????????ObjectOutputStream out = new?ObjectOutputStream(new?FileOutputStream( ????????????????file)); ????????out.writeObject(new?Person1("rollen", 20)); ????????out.close(); ????} ????public?static?void?dser() throws?Exception{ ????????File file = new?File("d:"?+ File.separator + "hello.txt"); ????????ObjectInputStream input = new?ObjectInputStream(new?FileInputStream( ????????????????file)); ????????Object obj = input.readObject(); ????????input.close(); ????????System.out.println(obj); ????} } class?Person1 implements?Serializable{ ????public?Person1(){ ????} ????public?Person1(String name, int?age){ ????????this.name = name; ????????this.age = age; ????} ????@Override ????public?String toString(){ ????????return?"姓名:"?+ name + "? 年齡:"?+ age; ????} ????// 注意這里 ????private?transient?String name; ????private?int?age; } |
【運(yùn)行結(jié)果】:
姓名:null??年齡:20
最后在給一個(gè)序列化一組對(duì)象的例子吧:
?| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 | import?java.io.File; import?java.io.FileInputStream; import?java.io.FileOutputStream; import?java.io.ObjectInputStream; import?java.io.ObjectOutputStream; import?java.io.Serializable; /** ?* 序列化一組對(duì)象 ?* */ public?class?SerDemo1{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) throws?Exception{ ????????Student[] stu = { new?Student("hello", 20), new?Student("world", 30), ????????????????new?Student("rollen", 40) }; ????????ser(stu); ????????Object[] obj = dser(); ????????for(int?i = 0; i < obj.length; ++i){ ????????????Student s = (Student) obj[i]; ????????????System.out.println(s); ????????} ????} ????// 序列化 ????public?static?void?ser(Object[] obj) throws?Exception{ ????????File file = new?File("d:"?+ File.separator + "hello.txt"); ????????ObjectOutputStream out = new?ObjectOutputStream(new?FileOutputStream( ????????????????file)); ????????out.writeObject(obj); ????????out.close(); ????} ????// 反序列化 ????public?static?Object[] dser() throws?Exception{ ????????File file = new?File("d:"?+ File.separator + "hello.txt"); ????????ObjectInputStream input = new?ObjectInputStream(new?FileInputStream( ????????????????file)); ????????Object[] obj = (Object[]) input.readObject(); ????????input.close(); ????????return?obj; ????} } class?Student implements?Serializable{ ????public?Student(){ ????} ????public?Student(String name, int?age){ ????????this.name = name; ????????this.age = age; ????} ????@Override ????public?String toString(){ ????????return?"姓名:? "?+ name + "? 年齡:"?+ age; ????} ????private?String name; ????private?int?age; } |
【運(yùn)行結(jié)果】:
姓名:??hello??年齡:20
姓名:??world??年齡:30
姓名:??rollen??年齡:40
總結(jié)
- 上一篇: 从EDN上看的文章 如何提高手机的待机时
- 下一篇: ASP站内搜索代码#