linux+nginx+mysql+php高性能服务器搭建
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linux+nginx+mysql+php高性能服务器搭建
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1、安裝基礎包
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers libevent-devel perl-CPAN
2、下載源代碼包
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/nginx/nginx-0.8.34.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/php/php-5.2.13.tar.gz
wget http://php-fpm.org/downloads/0.6/php-fpm-0.6~5.2.patch
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mysql/mysql-5.5.2-m2.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/memcache/memcache-2.2.5.tgz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/pcre/pcre-8.01.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/eaccelerator/eaccelerator-0.9.6.tar.bz2
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/pdo/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/imagick-2.3.0.tgz
wget
二、安裝PHP 5.2.13（FastCGI模式）
1.編譯安裝PHP 5.2.13所需的支持庫：
tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.13/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
cd ../ tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make
make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd ../../ tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../ ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
/sbin/ldconfig
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
編譯安裝PHP 5.2.13所需的支持庫
2.編譯安裝MySQL 5.5.2-m2
/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
tar zxvf mysql-5.5.2-m2.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.5.2-m2/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --enable-assembler --with-client-ldflags=-all-static --with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile --with-plugins=partition,innobase,myisammrg
make && make install
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
cp support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf
#vi /etc/my.cnf（優化mysql）
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
mysqladmin -uroot –p password 'password';
delete from user where password=’’;
cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig --level 2345 mysqld on
編譯安裝MySQL 5.5.2-m2
3.編譯安裝PHP（FastCGI模式）
tar zxvf php-5.2.13.tar.gz
cd php-5.2.13/
patch -p1 <../php-fpm-0.6~5.2.patch
./buildconf --force
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fpm --enable-fastcgi --with-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap --enable-ftp --with-libevent=shared
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.in
編譯安裝PHP（FastCGI模式）
注意上述命令中--enable-fpm的作用是開啟php的fastcgi功能即開啟php-fpm功能，--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql是啟用php支持mysql的功能，/usr/local/mysql是mysql數據庫的安裝路徑。
--enable-mbstring表示啟用mbstring模塊mbstring模塊的主要作用在于檢測和轉換編碼，提供對應的多字節操作的字符串函數。目前php內部的編碼只支持ISO-8859-*、EUC-JP、UTF-8，其他的編碼的語言是沒辦法在php程序上正確顯示的，所以我們要啟用mbstring模塊。
同時我們也只是簡單的開啟和擴展php的一部分功能，其他需要的功能，請自行添加。
4.編譯安裝PHP5擴展模塊
tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.5/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../ tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.6/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../ tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql
make
make install
cd ../ tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz
cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../ tar zxvf imagick-2.3.0.tgz
cd imagick-2.3.0/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
編譯安裝PHP5擴展模塊
5.修改php.ini文件
手工修改：查找/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini中的 extension_dir = "./"修改為extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
并在此行后增加以下幾行，然后保存：
- extension = "memcache.so"
- extension = "pdo_mysql.so"
- extension = "imagick.so"
- 替換:
- sed -i "s/extension_dir\ \=\ \"\.\/\"/extension_dir\ \=\ \"\/usr\/local\/php\/lib\/php\/extensions\/no-debug-non-zts-20060613\"/g" /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
- 添加:
- sed -e "/extension_dir\ \=\ \"\/usr\/local\/php\/lib\/php\/extensions\/no-debug-non-zts-20060613\"/a\extension\ \=\ \"memcache.so\"\nextension\ \=\ \"pdo_mysql.so\"\nextension\ \=\ \"imagick.so\"" /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
- 再查找 output_buffering = Off
- 修改為output_buffering = On
- sed -e 's/output_buffering\ \=\ Off/output_buffering\ \=\ on/g' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
配置eAccelerator加速PHP：
- mkdir -p /usr/local/eaccelerator_cache
- 2 vi /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
按shift+g鍵跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下 配置信息：
[eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size=""
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable=""
eaccelerator.optimizer=""
eaccelerator.check_mtime=""
eaccelerator.debug=""
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max=""
eaccelerator.shm_ttl=""
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period=""
eaccelerator.shm_only=""
eaccelerator.compress=""
eaccelerator.compress_level=""
6.創建www用戶和組，以及供www.carl.com虛擬主機使用的目錄：
/usr/sbin/groupadd www
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog
7.創建php-fpm配置文件（php-fpm是為PHP打的一個FastCGI管理補丁，可以平滑變更php.ini配置而無需重啟php- cgi）：
在/usr/local/php/etc/目錄中創建php-fpm.conf文件：
rm -f /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vi /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
- 輸入以下內容（如果您安裝 Nginx + PHP 用于程序調試，請將以下的<value name="display_errors">0</value>改為<value name="display_errors">1</value>，以便顯示PHP錯誤信息，否則，Nginx 會報狀態為500的空白錯誤頁）：
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<configuration> All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix <section name="global_options"> Pid file
<value name="pid_file">/usr/local/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value> Error log file
<value name="error_log">/usr/local/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value> Log level
<value name="log_level">notice</value> When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...
<value name="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value> ... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.
Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.
<value name="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value> Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master
<value name="process_control_timeout">5s</value> Set to 'no' to debug fpm
<value name="daemonize">yes</value> </section> <workers> <section name="pool"> Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.
<value name="name">default</value> Address to accept fastcgi requests on.
Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'
<value name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value> <value name="listen_options"> Set listen(2) backlog
<value name="backlog">-1</value> Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.
In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.
Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.
<value name="owner"></value>
<value name="group"></value>
<value name="mode">0666</value>
</value> Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.
<value name="php_defines">
<value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value>
<value name="display_errors">0</value>
</value> Unix user of processes
<value name="user">www</value> Unix group of processes
<value name="group">www</value> Process manager settings
<value name="pm"> Sets style of controling worker process count.
Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'
<value name="style">static</value> Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.
Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.
Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi
Used with any pm_style.
<value name="max_children">128</value> Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style
<value name="apache_like"> Sets the number of server processes created on startup.
Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
<value name="StartServers">20</value> Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.
Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
<value name="MinSpareServers">5</value> Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.
Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
<value name="MaxSpareServers">35</value> </value> </value> The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated
Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason
'0s' means 'off'
<value name="request_terminate_timeout">0s</value> The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file
'0s' means 'off'
<value name="request_slowlog_timeout">0s</value> The log file for slow requests
<value name="slowlog">logs/slow.log</value> Set open file desc rlimit
<value name="rlimit_files">65535</value> Set max core size rlimit
<value name="rlimit_core">0</value> Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path
<value name="chroot"></value> Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path
<value name="chdir"></value> Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.
If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs
<value name="catch_workers_output">yes</value> How much requests each process should execute before respawn.
Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.
For endless request processing please specify 0
Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS
<value name="max_requests">1024</value> Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.
Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)
Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.
<value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value> Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH
All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment
<value name="environment">
<value name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value>
<value name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value>
<value name="TMP">/tmp</value>
<value name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value>
<value name="TEMP">/tmp</value>
<value name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value>
<value name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value>
<value name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value>
</value> </section> </workers> </configuration>
php-fpm.conf
8、啟動php-cgi進程，監聽127.0.0.1的9000端口，進程數為128（如果服務器內存小于3GB，可以只開啟64個進程），用戶為www：
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start
三、安裝Nginx 0.8.34
1、 安裝Nginx所需的pcre庫：
tar zxvf pcre-8.01.tar.gz
cd pcre-8.01/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../
2、 安裝Nginx
tar zxvf nginx-0.8.34.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.8.34/
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
make && make install
3、 創建Nginx配置文件
rm -f /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
輸入以下內容：
user www www; worker_processes 8; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log crit; pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid; #Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535; events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 65535;
} http
{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream; #charset gb2312; server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
client_max_body_size 8m; sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on; keepalive_timeout 60; tcp_nodelay on; fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k; gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on; #limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m; server
{
listen 80;
server_name www.carl.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data0/htdocs/blog; #limit_conn crawler 20; location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
} location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
{
expires 30d;
} location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
{
expires 1h;
} log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/carl_access.log access;
} server
{
listen 80;
server_name status.blog.s135.com; location / {
stub_status on;
access_log off;
}
}
}
nginx.conf
在/usr/local/nginx/conf/目錄中創建fcgi.conf文件：
vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx; fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol; fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name; # PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;
fcgi.conf
4、 啟動Nginx
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
四、配置開機自動啟動Nginx + PHP
vi /etc/rc.local
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
五、優化Linux內核參數
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768
net.core.somaxconn = 32768 net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800 #net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535
/sbin/sysctl –p 使新添加的內核參數生效！
六、在不停止Nginx服務的情況下平滑變更Nginx配置
1、修改/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，請執行以下命令檢查配置文件是否正確：
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
如果屏幕顯示以下兩行信息，說明配置文件正確：
the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully
2、平滑重啟：
①、對于Nginx 0.8.x版本，現在平滑重啟Nginx配置非常簡單，執行以下命令即可：
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
②、對于Nginx 0.8.x之前的版本，平滑重啟稍微麻煩一些，按照以下步驟進行即可。輸入以下命令查看Nginx主進程號：
ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'
屏幕 顯示的即為Nginx主進程號，例如：
6302
這時，執行以下命令即可使修改過的Nginx配置文件生效：
kill -HUP 6302
或者無需這么麻煩，找到Nginx的Pid文件：
kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid`
七、編寫每天定時切割Nginx日志的腳本
1、創建腳本/usr/local/nginx/sbin /cut_nginx_log.sh
vi /usr/local/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
輸入 以下內容：
#!/bin/bash
# This script run at 00:00 # The Nginx logs path
logs_path="/usr/local/nginx/logs/" mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/
mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log
kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid`
2、設置crontab，每天凌晨00:00切割nginx訪問日志
crontab -e
輸入以下內容：
00 00 * * * /bin/bash /usr/local/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
總結
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