1、通配符

Linux命令行下輸入命令 man 7 glob 可以查看通配符幫助文檔

通配符含義

*	匹配任意長度的任意字符
?	匹配任意單個字符
[ ]	匹配指定字符范圍內的字符
-------------------------	--------------------------------------------------------------------
[a-z,A-Z,0-9]	匹配所有小寫字母、大寫字母、數字，可以不加逗號
[a-z]	所有的小寫字母 + 大寫字母A-Y（即：沒有Z之外的其他所有字母） 原因：見后面驗證小節
[A-Z]	小寫字母a-z + 所有的大寫字母（即：沒有a之外的所有字母）
[a-Z]	表示所有大小寫字母
-------------------------	--------------------------------------------------------------------
[^]	匹配指定字符范圍外的任意單個字符
[^0-9]
[^a-z]
[^A-Z]
-------------------------	--------------------------------------------------------------------
[:upper:]	所有大寫字母
[:alpha:]	所有字母，大小寫
[:digit:]	所有數字
[:alnum:]	所有數字+字母
-------------------------	--------------------------------------------------------------------
[:blank:]	水平空白字符
[:space:]	水平或垂直空白字符
[:punct:]	標點符號
[:graph:]	圖形字符
[:xdigit:]	十六進制字符

2、驗證

2.1 字母匹配

字母默認排序如下：

a A b B c C d D e E f F g G h H i I j J k K l L m M n N o O p P q Q r R s S t T u U v V w W x X y Y z Z

ps：排序我是根據下圖驗證猜的，因為只有這樣排序下圖正則表達式匹配才能顯示如下結果。

lsy@ubuntu18:~/practice/regular_expression/wildcard$ touch a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z lsy@ubuntu18:~/practice/regular_expression/wildcard$ touch A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z lsy@ubuntu18:~/practice/regular_expression/wildcard$ ls a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z lsy@ubuntu18:~/practice/regular_expression/wildcard$ lsy@ubuntu18:~/practice/regular_expression/wildcard$ ls [a-z] a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y lsy@ubuntu18:~/practice/regular_expression/wildcard$ lsy@ubuntu18:~/practice/regular_expression/wildcard$ ls [a-Z] a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z lsy@ubuntu18:~/practice/regular_expression/wildcard$ lsy@ubuntu18:~/practice/regular_expression/wildcard$ ls [A-z] A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z lsy@ubuntu18:~/practice/regular_expression/wildcard$ lsy@ubuntu18:~/practice/regular_expression/wildcard$ ls [A-Z] A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z lsy@ubuntu18:~/practice/regular_expression/wildcard$ lsy@ubuntu18:~/practice/regular_expression/wildcard$ ls [b-c] b B c lsy@ubuntu18:~/practice/regular_expression/wildcard$ ls [b-C] b B c C

將上述所有文件挪到一個文件夾里

lsy@ubuntu18:~/practice/regular_expression/wildcard$ ls a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z lsy@ubuntu18:~/practice/regular_expression/wildcard$ mkdir char lsy@ubuntu18:~/practice/regular_expression/wildcard$ ls a b c char D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z lsy@ubuntu18:~/practice/regular_expression/wildcard$ mv [a-Z] char lsy@ubuntu18:~/practice/regular_expression/wildcard$ ls char lsy@ubuntu18:~/practice/regular_expression/wildcard$ ls char/ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

2.2 數字匹配

lsy@ubuntu18:~/practice/regular_expression/wildcard/num$ touch 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 lsy@ubuntu18:~/practice/regular_expression/wildcard/num$ ls [0-9] 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 lsy@ubuntu18:~/practice/regular_expression/wildcard/num$ ls [^0-9] ls: cannot access '[^0-9]': No such file or directory lsy@ubuntu18:~/practice/regular_expression/wildcard/num$ ls [^1-9] 0 lsy@ubuntu18:~/practice/regular_expression/wildcard/num$ ls [^8] 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9

總結

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