分治法找假幣

• 介紹
• 控制臺程序
• • 代碼結(jié)構(gòu)
  • • 成員類Coin
    • Main函數(shù)
    • CreateCoinArray函數(shù)
    • SearchCoin函數(shù)
    • Sum函數(shù)
    • RemoveData函數(shù)
• Unity仿真
• • 實現(xiàn)思路
  • UI結(jié)構(gòu)
  • • InputPanel
    • CoinPanel
  • 腳本
  • • Coin.cs
    • SCoinBasePanel.cs
    • SCoinInputPanel.cs
    • SCoinCoinPanel.cs
    • SearchCoinCanvasCtrl.cs
  • 演示圖片
  • • 輸入面板
    • 初始面板和查找過程演示

介紹

有一堆金幣，其中有一個假幣。編寫程序在其中找到假幣。
根據(jù)題目先寫出控制臺程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)的找假幣。之后在考慮使用unity做可視化仿真。

控制臺程序

這一個題目使用分治法來解。

代碼結(jié)構(gòu)

成員類Coin

Main函數(shù)

獲取用戶輸入的數(shù)組大小，調(diào)用函數(shù)生成硬幣數(shù)組，調(diào)用函數(shù)查找假幣，輸出找到的假幣的下標。

static void Main(string[] args){//聲明一個List數(shù)組List<Coin> coins = new List<Coin>();Console.WriteLine("請輸入硬幣數(shù)組大小");var size = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());//創(chuàng)建一個硬幣數(shù)組CreateCoinArray(size,out coins);//輸出找到的假幣序號Console.WriteLine("找到的假幣下標為:" + SearchCoin(coins));}

CreateCoinArray函數(shù)

這個函數(shù)內(nèi)容簡單，就是創(chuàng)建一個硬幣類的List數(shù)組

static void CreateCoinArray(int nums, out List<Coin> coins) {//返回的數(shù)組List<Coin> cs = new List<Coin>();//生成一個隨機數(shù)作為假幣的序號Random random = new Random();var CounterfeitCoinId = random.Next(0, nums - 1);//生成硬幣幣數(shù)組for (int i = 0; i < nums; i++) {if (i == CounterfeitCoinId) {Coin c = new Coin(1, i);cs.Add(c);continue;}cs.Add(new Coin(2, i));}//賦值傳回coins = cs;//輸出假幣id，與找到的假幣id做對比Console.WriteLine("初始定義的假幣下標：" + CounterfeitCoinId);}

SearchCoin函數(shù)

這是該程序的核心函數(shù)，自己設(shè)定一個5枚硬幣數(shù)組按照分治的思想一步步寫。不糾結(jié)if判斷，到對應數(shù)目的情況時再考慮對應的if判斷。

static int SearchCoin(List<Coin> coins) {//參數(shù)定義int delta, len;len = coins.Count;//數(shù)組等于1，基本已經(jīng)找到if (coins.Count == 1) {if (coins[0].weight == 1) return coins[0].index;else return -1;}//如果數(shù)組元素的數(shù)目不是偶數(shù)的情況if (coins.Count % 2 != 0) {//比較末尾兩枚硬幣的重量，這里設(shè)定的是假幣比真幣輕delta = coins[len - 2].weight - coins[len - 1].weight;//根據(jù)情況進行不同的操作if (delta > 0){return coins[len - 1].index;}else if (delta < 0){return coins[len - 2].index;} else {coins.RemoveAt(len - 1);//移除最后一位len = coins.Count;}}//經(jīng)過上一個if的處理后，到達這里的必是偶數(shù)數(shù)量的數(shù)組//對兩邊的元素求和做差對重的一方進行裁剪，之后遞歸調(diào)用delta = Sum(coins, 0, (len / 2) - 1) - Sum(coins, len / 2, len - 1);if (delta > 0){RemoveData(coins, 0, (len / 2) - 1);} else RemoveData(coins, len / 2, len - 1);return SearchCoin(coins);}

Sum函數(shù)

一個簡單的求和函數(shù)。

static int Sum(List<Coin> coins,int s,int e) {var sum = 0;for (int i = s; i <= e; i++) {sum += coins[i].weight;}return sum;}

RemoveData函數(shù)

裁剪數(shù)組的函數(shù)。由于List數(shù)組刪除元素后會自動擠掉對應的位置。
這里只需要每次刪除固定位置的元素并循環(huán)需要次數(shù)就夠了。

static void RemoveData(List<Coin> coins, int s, int e) {for (int i = s; i <= e; i++) {coins.RemoveAt(s);}}

Unity仿真

實現(xiàn)思路

首先確定輸入。我需要獲得
金幣數(shù)組的尺寸，
假幣是比真幣重還是輕
再是如何演示步驟。這個實現(xiàn)過程由于最初的思路問題走了不少彎路，這里就不贅述。講講最后成功的實現(xiàn)方式。
設(shè)置一個數(shù)組，每當執(zhí)行刪除操作或者找到結(jié)果時用字符串將需要刪除的金幣序號保存為字符串存儲在數(shù)組中。
之后根據(jù)數(shù)組來一步步的刪除對應金幣，這就實現(xiàn)了找假幣的過程演示。

UI結(jié)構(gòu)

InputPanel

獲取用戶的輸入。
一個標題、一個輸入框、一個提示按鈕、一個開始按鈕、兩個Toggle

InputPanel

WeightSelectTG


兩個Toggle

CoinPanel

主要是使用GridLayoutGroup組件實現(xiàn)金幣的有序排布。
對Content里添加生成的金幣初始化金幣，刪除金幣演示步驟。

成員

CoinPanel

Content

腳本

一共五個腳本，實現(xiàn)主要功能的是SCoinCoinPanel腳本。
這里對Panel類型和假幣重量設(shè)置了兩個枚舉。
Panel類型的枚舉作為索引值，Panel面板的canvasGroup作為組件。兩者成為一個字典的元素。
Toggle變換當前假幣重量的枚舉類型。

Coin.cs

using UnityEngine;public class Coin : MonoBehaviour {//硬幣的重量internal int weight;//硬幣在數(shù)組中的序號internal int index;public UnityEngine.UI.Text IndexText;public void Init(int w, int id) {weight = w;index = id;IndexText.text = index.ToString();} }

SCoinBasePanel.cs

using UnityEngine;public class SCoinBasePanel : MonoBehaviour {public SearchCoinCanvasCtrl.PanelType Type;//當前Panel的類型protected CanvasGroup myCanvasGroup;//當前panel的CanvasGroup組件protected void Awake(){//獲取自身的Canvas組件if (myCanvasGroup == null) {myCanvasGroup = this.GetComponent<CanvasGroup>();}}public void Start(){//初始化SearchCoinCanvasCtrl里的字典，并將自身注冊到字典里去SearchCoinCanvasCtrl.Instance.InitSCoinPanels();SearchCoinCanvasCtrl.Instance.SCoinPanels.Add(Type, this.GetComponent<CanvasGroup>());} }

SCoinInputPanel.cs

using UnityEngine; using UnityEngine.UI;public class SCoinInputPanel : SCoinBasePanel {//輸入組件public InputField input;//提示輸入正確與否的圖片public Image debugimg;//檢查輸入，合法則開始找假幣算法的步驟演示public void OnConfirmBD(){if (input.text == ""){debugimg.color = Color.yellow;return;}var GoldNum = int.Parse(input.text);if (GoldNum < 2 || GoldNum > 42){debugimg.color = Color.red;//audioSource.PlayOneShot(errorSound);return;}debugimg.color = Color.green;//隱藏自身myCanvasGroup.alpha = 0;myCanvasGroup.blocksRaycasts = false;CanvasGroup CoinPanel;SearchCoinCanvasCtrl.Instance.SCoinPanels.TryGetValue(SearchCoinCanvasCtrl.PanelType.CoinPanel, out CoinPanel);//顯示CoinPanelCoinPanel.alpha = 1;CoinPanel.blocksRaycasts = true;//生成金幣SCoinCoinPanel.Instance.CreateCoins(GoldNum);print("csnum:" + SCoinCoinPanel.Instance.Coins.Count);//查找假幣var cs = SCoinCoinPanel.Instance.Coins;SCoinCoinPanel.Instance.SearchCoin(cs);//調(diào)用協(xié)程函數(shù)演示過程StartCoroutine(SCoinCoinPanel.Instance.StepByStep());}//變換假幣的重量條件，Toggle的綁定事件public void SwitchWeightType(){SearchCoinCanvasCtrl.Instance.weightType = (SearchCoinCanvasCtrl.Instance.weightType == CoinWeightType.heavy) ? CoinWeightType.light : CoinWeightType.heavy;} }

SCoinCoinPanel.cs

using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; using UnityEngine;public class SCoinCoinPanel : SCoinBasePanel {public Transform Cotent;//生成金幣的父物體public GameObject CoinPre;//金幣預制體internal List<Coin> Coins = new List<Coin>();//金幣數(shù)組，這個有點多余，一開始寫的，到后面就感覺用處不大了/// <summary>/// 存放硬幣序號與對應游戲體的字典/// </summary>internal Dictionary<int, GameObject> CoinGODic = new Dictionary<int, GameObject>();bool GoAhead = false;//前進bool變量List<string> RemoveList = new List<string>();//存儲刪除金幣序號的字符串數(shù)組public static SCoinCoinPanel Instance;//單例模式變量public GameObject RestartBt;//重新開始按鈕private void Awake(){//繼承使用父類的Awake方法base.Awake();//單例賦值if (Instance == null)Instance = this;}private void Start(){//繼承使用父類的Atart方法base.Start();//如果自己的Type是CoinPanel，將自己的透明度設(shè)為0，遮罩設(shè)falseif (Type == SearchCoinCanvasCtrl.PanelType.CoinPanel){myCanvasGroup.alpha = 0;myCanvasGroup.blocksRaycasts = false;}//初始不顯示重新開始按鈕RestartBt.SetActive(false);}/// <summary>/// 變換前進bool變量的值達到動態(tài)演示刪除步驟的效果/// </summary>public void GoAheadBD() {if (!GoAhead) GoAhead = true;}internal int deltaFactor = 1;//因為假幣的重量不定，需要一個差值因數(shù)乘以算法//里重量做差的值，使算法能同時處理兩種類型的問題internal int CounterfeitCoinW = 3;//假幣重量，默認為3/// <summary>/// 初始生成金幣/// </summary>/// <param name="size"></param>internal void CreateCoins(int size){//差值因數(shù)賦值，根據(jù)用戶選擇的假幣類型(比真幣重或輕)deltaFactor = (SearchCoinCanvasCtrl.Instance.weightType == CoinWeightType.heavy)? -1 : 1;//獲取假幣的輕重int CounterfeitCoinW = (SearchCoinCanvasCtrl.Instance.weightType == CoinWeightType.heavy)? 3 : 1;//隨機一個序號為假幣int CounterfeitCoinId = Random.Range(0, size - 1);//生成金幣for (int i = 0; i < size; i++){//實例化var c = Instantiate(CoinPre, Cotent);var CoinClass = c.GetComponent<Coin>();//假幣的情況if (i == CounterfeitCoinId){//初始化Coin腳本里的參數(shù)CoinClass.Init(CounterfeitCoinW, i);//金幣設(shè)置黑色作為區(qū)分c.GetComponent<UnityEngine.UI.Image>().color = Color.black;}else{//初始化Coin腳本里的參數(shù)CoinClass.Init(2, i);}//注冊Coins.Add(CoinClass);//注冊腳本CoinGODic.Add(i, c);//注冊游戲體}}//找假幣函數(shù)public int SearchCoin(List<Coin> coins){int delta, len;len = coins.Count;if (coins.Count == 1){if (coins[0].weight == CounterfeitCoinW)return coins[0].index;elsereturn -1;}if (coins.Count % 2 != 0 && coins.Count != 1){delta = coins[len - 2].weight - coins[len - 1].weight;if (delta * deltaFactor > 0){//獲取idint id = coins[len - 1].index;//移除自身coins.RemoveAt(len - 1);//添加進刪除數(shù)組AddRemoveList(coins);return id;}else if (delta * deltaFactor < 0){//獲取idint id = coins[len - 2].index;//移除自身coins.RemoveAt(len - 2);//添加進刪除數(shù)組AddRemoveList(coins);return id;}else{//獲取idstring id = coins[len - 1].index.ToString();//移除自身coins.RemoveAt(len - 1);//添加進刪除數(shù)組RemoveList.Add(id);len = coins.Count;}}//求兩邊的和值差delta = Sum(coins, 0, (len / 2) - 1) - Sum(coins, len / 2, len - 1);if (delta * deltaFactor > 0){RemoveData(coins, 0, (len / 2) - 1);}else RemoveData(coins, len / 2, len - 1);return SearchCoin(coins);}//求和函數(shù)int Sum(List<Coin> coins, int s, int e){var sum = 0;for (int i = s; i <= e; i++){sum += coins[i].weight;}return sum;}//移除數(shù)組元素函數(shù)void RemoveData(List<Coin> coins, int s, int e){ string removeStr = "";for (int i = s; i <= e; i++){if (i == s){print("in");removeStr = coins[s].index.ToString();}elseremoveStr += "," + coins[s].index.ToString();//刪除算法中的存儲信息coins.RemoveAt(s);}RemoveList.Add(removeStr);}//奇數(shù)情況下，假幣在末尾兩個之一時調(diào)用，將假幣之外的所有金幣移除public void AddRemoveList(List<Coin> coins) {print("inre");string str = "";int i = 1;foreach (var c1 in coins) {if (i == 1)str = c1.index.ToString();else {str += "," + c1.index.ToString();}i++;}RemoveList.Add(str);}//實現(xiàn)用戶控制步驟演示的函數(shù)public IEnumerator StepByStep() { foreach (var rstr in RemoveList) {yield return new WaitUntil(() => GoAhead == true);//解字符串var indexs = rstr.Split(',');foreach (var id in indexs) {yield return new WaitForSeconds(0.5f);//刪除字典中對應金幣id的游戲體Destroy(GetValue<int, GameObject>(CoinGODic, int.Parse(id)));}GoAhead = false;}//演示過程結(jié)束后才能重新開始RestartBt.SetActive(true);}//重新開始函數(shù)public void Restart() {//清空數(shù)據(jù)foreach (var g in CoinGODic)Destroy(g.Value);RemoveList.Clear();Coins.Clear();CoinGODic.Clear();//隱藏自身myCanvasGroup.alpha = 0;myCanvasGroup.blocksRaycasts = false;CanvasGroup InputPanel;SearchCoinCanvasCtrl.Instance.SCoinPanels.TryGetValue(SearchCoinCanvasCtrl.PanelType.InputPanel, out InputPanel);//顯示CoinPanelInputPanel.alpha = 1;InputPanel.blocksRaycasts = true;}//獲取字典value值的封裝函數(shù)，不在需要out。public T2 GetValue<T1, T2>(Dictionary<T1, T2> dic, T1 key){T2 value;dic.TryGetValue(key, out value);return value;} }

SearchCoinCanvasCtrl.cs

using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; using UnityEngine; public enum CoinWeightType {light, heavy }public class SearchCoinCanvasCtrl : MonoBehaviour {public enum PanelType {InputPanel,CoinPanel,TipPanel}public GameObject TipPanel;//提示面板/// <summary>/// 假幣是比真幣重還是輕。默認是重/// </summary>internal CoinWeightType weightType = CoinWeightType.heavy;public static SearchCoinCanvasCtrl Instance;//單例變量internal Dictionary<PanelType, CanvasGroup> SCoinPanels;//各個面板的注冊字典private void Awake(){//初始化if (Instance == null)Instance = this;}//初始化字典public void InitSCoinPanels() {if (Instance.SCoinPanels == null) {Instance.SCoinPanels = new Dictionary<PanelType, CanvasGroup>();}}//提示按鈕的響應函數(shù)public void ShowTip() {StartCoroutine(ShowTip(0.5f));}public IEnumerator ShowTip(float time) {TipPanel.SetActive(true);yield return new WaitForSeconds(time);TipPanel.SetActive(false);} }

演示圖片

輸入面板

初始面板和查找過程演示

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