第一單元

verb->noun or adjective

我一看見他就緊張。
Every sight of him makes me nervous.
油漆未干
Wet Paint

形和意

人要臉，樹要皮
The face is as important to a man as the bark to a tree.

impersonal ->personal

An idea suddenly stuck to me.
我突然想到一個好主意
A great elation overcame him.
他欣喜若狂
A wave of cigar smoke accompanied him in.
他進門時帶著一縷雪茄煙。

翠翠在風(fēng)日里長養(yǎng)著，故把皮膚變得黑黑的，觸目為青山綠水，故眸子清明如水晶。（《邊城》)
Wind and sun have tanned the girl’s skin;her eyes resting in the green hills are as clear as crystal.(Border Town)

翻譯

跑得了和尚跑不了廟。

The monk may run away, but the temple cannot run away with him.

（形合與意合的差異。中文看似并列，實際 隱含了轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系）

人窮志短。
When a man is poor , his ambition is not far-reaching.

（形合與意合的差異。中文看似并列，隱含條件成分。英文可以通過狀語從句體現(xiàn)。）

這個問題必須馬上解決。
This problem has to be solved immediately.

（主動與被動的差異）

冬天來了，春天還會遠嗎？
If winter comes, can spring be far behind?

（形合與意合的差異。同第二句。）

在歷史上，由于長江不斷改道，在武漢地區(qū)形成了眾多的湖泊。
The constant change of the course of the Changjiang River in history helped form a great many lakes in the areas around Wuhan.

（靜態(tài)與動態(tài)的差異，中文傾向用動詞，英文傾向用名詞。）

You are wanted on the phone.
有人給你打電話。

（主動與被動的差異）

It is generally considered not advisable to act that way.
大家都認為這樣做是不妥當(dāng)?shù)摹?/p>

（主動與被動的差異）

You must come back before nine. Period!
你必須九點前回來，沒得商量！

（靜態(tài)與動態(tài)的差異。英文中的名詞有時表示動作或行為）

Her name escaped me.
我記不起她的名字了。

（物稱與人稱的差異。英文經(jīng)常使用名詞作主語，中文習(xí)慣轉(zhuǎn)成人稱。）

“Coming！” Away she skimmed over the lawn，up the path，up the steps，across the verandah，and into the porch.
“來啦！” 她轉(zhuǎn)身蹦跳著跑了，越過草地，跑上小徑，跨上臺階，穿過涼臺，進了門廊。

（靜態(tài)與動態(tài)的差異。英文中用副詞，中文需要用動詞表達完整）

第二單元

一詞多義

Never trouble till trouble troubles you.
上

- to hang oneself 上吊- to __rise to the bait 上鉤__- to be addicted to 上癮- to take up an offical post 上任- to be taken in 上當(dāng)

The Chinese character “頭” and the English word “head” are far from equivalent

• You should use your head a bit.
• The dinner costs us five dollors a head.每人五美元
• Let’s discuss the question under five heads.分五個題目來討論
• Heads or tails? 正面還是背面
• 她在梳頭 She was coming her hair.
• 一輛小車停在橋西頭 A car was parked at the west end of the bridge.
• 讓我從頭講起吧 Let me to tell the story from the very beginning.
• 他們是一頭的 They are on the same side .
• 我們不能只顧一頭 We mustn’t pay attention to only one aspect of the matter.

So,only by correct understanding,can a translator produce proper translations.

synonym(同義詞)choose appropriate expressions,which involves the proper chioces of style,register,image and emotion.

直譯和意譯

Literal translation is also called direct translation or close transtion.Using this method,the image,figure of speech(修辭),word order,grammatical structure,etc. of the source language are maintained in the target language.

• to show one’s cards 攤牌
• to be armed to the teeth 武裝到牙齒
• to shed crocodile tears 掉鱷魚眼淚
• an eyes for an eye,a tooth for a tooth 以眼還眼，以牙還牙
  Bear in mind that literal translation is not rigid translation or word-for-word translation.
• stand on one’s head. 倒立

Liberal translation is also called free translation.It gives up or changes the original image or vehicle(比喻詞),or breaks through the word order,or the structure of the language in the riginal text and reorganizes the language so that the essence(本質(zhì)，精華) or deep meaning of the source language is expressed in the target language.

Give a dog a bad name and hang him. 欲加之罪，何患無辭

雪中送炭 to offer timely help

第三單元

增譯

sematic completion 語義增譯

The lion is the king of animals. 獅子是百獸之王

The old man said , “They say his father was a fisherman.Maybe he was a poor man as we are now”. 老人說，從前他爸爸是個打魚的，他過去也許和我們現(xiàn)在一樣窮。

Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 讀書使人充實，討論使人機智，寫作使人準確。

syntactic construction 句法增譯

If she were here.(it would be great)

( If there had been ) A timely treatment would have saved the child.

刪譯

Omission in content

She pulled herself to the full limit of her body. 他竭力將身體拉長

在工作中，我們必須避免犯不必要的錯誤。 We must avoid making (unncessary) mistake in our work.

in form

conversion

noun / adj / adv -> verb

sementic completion is out of the need of making the meaning complete

出于…的需要

change order

sth. dawned upon sb. == sb. realize sth.

比喻，擬人要直譯

He doesn’t have a single defect in his whole body. Why,he doesn’t have a belly-button!

It was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity.

雙關(guān)語

conform 符合

不全，因為偷懶！！！

總結(jié)

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