一、簡介

在上篇?ElasticSearch?文章中，我們詳細的介紹了 ElasticSearch 的各種 api 使用。

實際的項目開發過程中，我們通常基于某些主流框架平臺進行技術開發，比如 SpringBoot，今天我們就以 SpringBoot 整合 ElasticSearch 為例，給大家詳細的介紹 ElasticSearch 的使用！

SpringBoot 連接 ElasticSearch，主流的方式有以下四種方式

• 方式一：通過Elastic Transport Client客戶端連接 es 服務器，底層基于 TCP 協議通過 transport 模塊和遠程 ES 服務端通信，不過，從 V7.0 開始官方不建議使用，V8.0開始正式移除。

• 方式二：通過Elastic Java Low Level Rest Client客戶端連接 es 服務器，底層基于 HTTP 協議通過 restful API 來和遠程 ES 服務端通信，只提供了最簡單最基本的 API，類似于上篇文章中給大家介紹的 API 操作邏輯

• 方式三：通過Elastic Java High Level Rest Client客戶端連接 es 服務器，底層基于Elastic Java Low Level Rest Client客戶端做了一層封裝，提供了更高級得 API 且和Elastic Transport Client接口及參數保持一致，官方推薦的 es 客戶端。

• 方式四：通過JestClient客戶端連接 es 服務器，這是開源社區基于 HTTP 協議開發的一款 es 客戶端，官方宣稱接口及代碼設計比 ES 官方提供的 Rest 客戶端更簡潔、更合理，更好用，具有一定的 ES 服務端版本兼容性，但是更新速度不是很快，目前 ES 版本已經出到 V7.9，但是JestClient只支持 V1.0~V6.X 版 ?本的 ES。

還有一個需要大家注意的地方，那就是版本號的兼容！

在開發過程中，大家尤其需要關注一下客戶端和服務端的版本號，要盡可能保持一致，比如服務端 es 的版本號是6.8.2，那么連接 es 的客戶端版本號，最好也是6.8.2，即使因項目的原因不能保持一致，客戶端的版本號必須在6.0.0 ～6.8.2，不要超過服務器的版本號，這樣客戶端才能保持正常工作，否則會出現很多意想不到的問題，假如客戶端是7.0.4的版本號，此時的程序會各種報錯，甚至沒辦法用！

為什么要這樣做呢？主要原因就是 es 的服務端，高版本不兼容低版本；es6 和 es7 的某些 API 請求參數結構有著很大的區別，所以客戶端和服務端版本號盡量保持一致。

廢話也不多說了，直接上代碼！

二、代碼實踐

本文采用的SpringBoot版本號是2.1.0.RELEASE，服務端 es 的版本號是6.8.2，客戶端采用的是官方推薦的Elastic Java High Level Rest Client版本號是6.4.2，方便與SpringBoot的版本兼容。

2.1、導入依賴

<!--elasticsearch--> <dependency><groupId>org.elasticsearch</groupId><artifactId>elasticsearch</artifactId><version>6.4.2</version> </dependency> <dependency><groupId>org.elasticsearch.client</groupId><artifactId>elasticsearch-rest-client</artifactId><version>6.4.2</version> </dependency> <dependency><groupId>org.elasticsearch.client</groupId><artifactId>elasticsearch-rest-high-level-client</artifactId><version>6.4.2</version> </dependency>

2.2、配置環境變量

在application.properties全局配置文件中，配置elasticsearch自定義環境變量

elasticsearch.scheme=http elasticsearch.address=127.0.0.1:9200 elasticsearch.userName= elasticsearch.userPwd= elasticsearch.socketTimeout=5000 elasticsearch.connectTimeout=5000 elasticsearch.connectionRequestTimeout=5000

2.3、創建 elasticsearch 的 config 類

@Configuration public?class?ElasticsearchConfiguration?{private?static?final?Logger?log?=?LoggerFactory.getLogger(ElasticsearchConfiguration.class);private?static?final?int?ADDRESS_LENGTH?=?2;@Value("${elasticsearch.scheme:http}")private?String?scheme;@Value("${elasticsearch.address}")private?String?address;@Value("${elasticsearch.userName}")private?String?userName;@Value("${elasticsearch.userPwd}")private?String?userPwd;@Value("${elasticsearch.socketTimeout:5000}")private?Integer?socketTimeout;@Value("${elasticsearch.connectTimeout:5000}")private?Integer?connectTimeout;@Value("${elasticsearch.connectionRequestTimeout:5000}")private?Integer?connectionRequestTimeout;/***?初始化客戶端*?@return*/@Bean(name?=?"restHighLevelClient")public?RestHighLevelClient?restClientBuilder()?{HttpHost[]?hosts?=?Arrays.stream(address.split(",")).map(this::buildHttpHost).filter(Objects::nonNull).toArray(HttpHost[]::new);RestClientBuilder?restClientBuilder?=?RestClient.builder(hosts);//?異步參數配置restClientBuilder.setHttpClientConfigCallback(httpClientBuilder?->?{httpClientBuilder.setDefaultCredentialsProvider(buildCredentialsProvider());return?httpClientBuilder;});//?異步連接延時配置restClientBuilder.setRequestConfigCallback(requestConfigBuilder?->?{requestConfigBuilder.setConnectionRequestTimeout(connectionRequestTimeout);requestConfigBuilder.setSocketTimeout(socketTimeout);requestConfigBuilder.setConnectTimeout(connectTimeout);return?requestConfigBuilder;});return?new?RestHighLevelClient(restClientBuilder);}/***?根據配置創建HttpHost*?@param?s*?@return*/private?HttpHost?buildHttpHost(String?s)?{String[]?address?=?s.split(":");if?(address.length?==?ADDRESS_LENGTH)?{String?ip?=?address[0];int?port?=?Integer.parseInt(address[1]);return?new?HttpHost(ip,?port,?scheme);}?else?{return?null;}}/***?構建認證服務*?@return*/private?CredentialsProvider?buildCredentialsProvider(){final?CredentialsProvider?credentialsProvider?=?new?BasicCredentialsProvider();credentialsProvider.setCredentials(AuthScope.ANY,?new?UsernamePasswordCredentials(userName,userPwd));return?credentialsProvider;} }

至此，客戶端配置完畢，項目啟動的時候，會自動注入到Spring的ioc容器里面。

2.4、索引管理

es 中最重要的就是索引庫，客戶端如何創建呢？請看下文！

• 創建索引

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes?=?ElasticSearchApplication.class) public?class?IndexJunit?{@Autowiredprivate?RestHighLevelClient?client;/***?創建索引（簡單模式）*?@throws?IOException*/@Testpublic?void?createIndex()?throws?IOException?{CreateIndexRequest?request?=?new?CreateIndexRequest("cs_index");CreateIndexResponse?response?=?client.indices().create(request,?RequestOptions.DEFAULT);System.out.println(response.isAcknowledged());}/***?創建索引（復雜模式）*?可以直接把對應的文檔結構也一并初始化*?@throws?IOException*/@Testpublic?void?createIndexComplete()?throws?IOException?{CreateIndexRequest?request?=?new?CreateIndexRequest();//索引名稱request.index("cs_index");//索引配置Settings?settings?=?Settings.builder().put("index.number_of_shards",?3).put("index.number_of_replicas",?1).build();request.settings(settings);//映射結構字段Map<String,?Object>?properties?=?new?HashMap();properties.put("id",?ImmutableBiMap.of("type",?"text"));properties.put("name",?ImmutableBiMap.of("type",?"text"));properties.put("sex",?ImmutableBiMap.of("type",?"text"));properties.put("age",?ImmutableBiMap.of("type",?"long"));properties.put("city",?ImmutableBiMap.of("type",?"text"));properties.put("createTime",?ImmutableBiMap.of("type",?"long"));Map<String,?Object>?mapping?=?new?HashMap<>();mapping.put("properties",?properties);//添加一個默認類型System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(request));request.mapping("_doc",mapping);CreateIndexResponse?response?=?client.indices().create(request,?RequestOptions.DEFAULT);System.out.println(response.isAcknowledged());}}

• 刪除索引

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes?=?ElasticSearchApplication.class) public?class?IndexJunit?{@Autowiredprivate?RestHighLevelClient?client;/***?刪除索引*?@throws?IOException*/@Testpublic?void?deleteIndex()?throws?IOException?{DeleteIndexRequest?request?=?new?DeleteIndexRequest("cs_index1");AcknowledgedResponse?response?=?client.indices().delete(request,?RequestOptions.DEFAULT);System.out.println(response.isAcknowledged());}}

• 查詢索引

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes?=?ElasticSearchApplication.class) public?class?IndexJunit?{@Autowiredprivate?RestHighLevelClient?client;/***?查詢索引*?@throws?IOException*/@Testpublic?void?getIndex()?throws?IOException?{//?創建請求GetIndexRequest?request?=?new?GetIndexRequest();request.indices("cs_index");//?執行請求,獲取響應GetIndexResponse?response?=?client.indices().get(request,?RequestOptions.DEFAULT);System.out.println(response.toString());}}

• 查詢索引是否存在

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes?=?ElasticSearchApplication.class) public?class?IndexJunit?{@Autowiredprivate?RestHighLevelClient?client;/***?檢查索引是否存在*?@throws?IOException*/@Testpublic?void?exists()?throws?IOException?{//?創建請求GetIndexRequest?request?=?new?GetIndexRequest();request.indices("cs_index");//?執行請求,獲取響應boolean?response?=?client.indices().exists(request,?RequestOptions.DEFAULT);System.out.println(response);}}

• 查詢所有的索引名稱

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes?=?ElasticSearchApplication.class) public?class?IndexJunit?{@Autowiredprivate?RestHighLevelClient?client;/***?查詢所有的索引名稱*?@throws?IOException*/@Testpublic?void?getAllIndices()?throws?IOException?{GetAliasesRequest?request?=?new?GetAliasesRequest();GetAliasesResponse?response?=??client.indices().getAlias(request,RequestOptions.DEFAULT);Map<String,?Set<AliasMetaData>>?map?=?response.getAliases();Set<String>?indices?=?map.keySet();for?(String?key?:?indices)?{System.out.println(key);}}}

• 查詢索引映射字段

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes?=?ElasticSearchApplication.class) public?class?IndexJunit?{@Autowiredprivate?RestHighLevelClient?client;/***?查詢索引映射字段*?@throws?IOException*/@Testpublic?void?getMapping()?throws?IOException?{GetMappingsRequest?request?=?new?GetMappingsRequest();request.indices("cs_index");request.types("_doc");GetMappingsResponse?response?=?client.indices().getMapping(request,?RequestOptions.DEFAULT);System.out.println(response.toString());}}

• 添加索引映射字段

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes?=?ElasticSearchApplication.class) public?class?IndexJunit?{@Autowiredprivate?RestHighLevelClient?client;/***?添加索引映射字段*?@throws?IOException*/@Testpublic?void?addMapping()?throws?IOException?{PutMappingRequest?request?=?new?PutMappingRequest();request.indices("cs_index");request.type("_doc");//添加字段Map<String,?Object>?properties?=?new?HashMap();properties.put("accountName",?ImmutableBiMap.of("type",?"keyword"));Map<String,?Object>?mapping?=?new?HashMap<>();mapping.put("properties",?properties);request.source(mapping);PutMappingResponse?response?=?client.indices().putMapping(request,?RequestOptions.DEFAULT);System.out.println(response.isAcknowledged());}}

2.5、文檔管理

所謂文檔，就是向索引里面添加數據，方便進行數據查詢，詳細操作內容，請看下文！

• 添加文檔

public?class?UserDocument?{private?String?id;private?String?name;private?String?sex;private?Integer?age;private?String?city;private?Date?createTime;//省略get、set... } @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes?=?ElasticSearchApplication.class) public?class?DocJunit?{@Autowiredprivate?RestHighLevelClient?client;/***?添加文檔*?@throws?IOException*/@Testpublic?void?addDocument()?throws?IOException?{//?創建對象UserDocument?user?=?new?UserDocument();user.setId("1");user.setName("里斯");user.setCity("武漢");user.setSex("男");user.setAge(20);user.setCreateTime(new?Date());//?創建索引,即獲取索引IndexRequest?request?=?new?IndexRequest();//?外層參數request.id("1");request.index("cs_index");request.type("_doc");request.timeout(TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(1));//?存入對象request.source(JSON.toJSONString(user),?XContentType.JSON);//?發送請求System.out.println(request.toString());IndexResponse?response?=?client.index(request,?RequestOptions.DEFAULT);System.out.println(response.toString());}}

• 更新文檔

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes?=?ElasticSearchApplication.class) public?class?DocJunit?{@Autowiredprivate?RestHighLevelClient?client;/***?更新文檔（按需修改）*?@throws?IOException*/@Testpublic?void?updateDocument()?throws?IOException?{//?創建對象UserDocument?user?=?new?UserDocument();user.setId("2");user.setName("程咬金");user.setCreateTime(new?Date());//?創建索引,即獲取索引UpdateRequest?request?=?new?UpdateRequest();//?外層參數request.id("2");request.index("cs_index");request.type("_doc");request.timeout(TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(1));//?存入對象request.doc(JSON.toJSONString(user),?XContentType.JSON);//?發送請求System.out.println(request.toString());UpdateResponse?response?=?client.update(request,?RequestOptions.DEFAULT);System.out.println(response.toString());}}

• 刪除文檔

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes?=?ElasticSearchApplication.class) public?class?DocJunit?{@Autowiredprivate?RestHighLevelClient?client;/***?刪除文檔*?@throws?IOException*/@Testpublic?void?deleteDocument()?throws?IOException?{//?創建索引,即獲取索引DeleteRequest?request?=?new?DeleteRequest();//?外層參數request.id("1");request.index("cs_index");request.type("_doc");request.timeout(TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(1));//?發送請求System.out.println(request.toString());DeleteResponse?response?=?client.delete(request,?RequestOptions.DEFAULT);System.out.println(response.toString());}}

• 查詢文檔是不是存在

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes?=?ElasticSearchApplication.class) public?class?DocJunit?{@Autowiredprivate?RestHighLevelClient?client;/***?查詢文檔是不是存在*?@throws?IOException*/@Testpublic?void?exists()?throws?IOException?{//?創建索引,即獲取索引GetRequest?request?=?new?GetRequest();//?外層參數request.id("3");request.index("cs_index");request.type("_doc");//?發送請求System.out.println(request.toString());boolean?response?=?client.exists(request,?RequestOptions.DEFAULT);System.out.println(response);} }

• 通過 ID 查詢指定文檔

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes?=?ElasticSearchApplication.class) public?class?DocJunit?{@Autowiredprivate?RestHighLevelClient?client;/***?通過ID，查詢指定文檔*?@throws?IOException*/@Testpublic?void?getById()?throws?IOException?{//?創建索引,即獲取索引GetRequest?request?=?new?GetRequest();//?外層參數request.id("1");request.index("cs_index");request.type("_doc");//?發送請求System.out.println(request.toString());GetResponse?response?=?client.get(request,?RequestOptions.DEFAULT);System.out.println(response.toString());} }

• 批量添加文檔

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes?=?ElasticSearchApplication.class) public?class?DocJunit?{@Autowiredprivate?RestHighLevelClient?client;/***?批量添加文檔*?@throws?IOException*/@Testpublic?void?batchAddDocument()?throws?IOException?{//?批量請求BulkRequest?bulkRequest?=?new?BulkRequest();bulkRequest.timeout(TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(10));//?創建對象List<UserDocument>?userArrayList?=?new?ArrayList<>();userArrayList.add(new?UserDocument("張三",?"男",?30,?"武漢"));userArrayList.add(new?UserDocument("里斯",?"女",?31,?"北京"));userArrayList.add(new?UserDocument("王五",?"男",?32,?"武漢"));userArrayList.add(new?UserDocument("趙六",?"女",?33,?"長沙"));userArrayList.add(new?UserDocument("七七",?"男",?34,?"武漢"));//?添加請求for?(int?i?=?0;?i?<?userArrayList.size();?i++)?{userArrayList.get(i).setId(String.valueOf(i));IndexRequest?indexRequest?=?new?IndexRequest();//?外層參數indexRequest.id(String.valueOf(i));indexRequest.index("cs_index");indexRequest.type("_doc");indexRequest.timeout(TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(1));indexRequest.source(JSON.toJSONString(userArrayList.get(i)),?XContentType.JSON);bulkRequest.add(indexRequest);}//?執行請求BulkResponse?response?=?client.bulk(bulkRequest,?RequestOptions.DEFAULT);System.out.println(response.status());}}

三、小結

本文主要圍繞 SpringBoot 整合 ElasticSearch 接受數據的插入和搜索使用技巧，在實際的使用過程中，版本號尤其的重要，不同版本的 es，對應的 api 是不一樣的。

總結

以上是生活随笔為你收集整理的SpringBoot 整合 Elasticsearch 实现海量级数据搜索的全部內容，希望文章能夠幫你解決所遇到的問題。

如果覺得生活随笔網站內容還不錯，歡迎將生活随笔推薦給好友。