一、簡介
在上篇?ElasticSearch?文章中，我們詳細的介紹了 ElasticSearch 的各種 api 使用。
實際的項目開發過程中，我們通常基于某些主流框架平臺進行技術開發，比如 SpringBoot，今天我們就以 SpringBoot 整合 ElasticSearch 為例，給大家詳細的介紹 ElasticSearch 的使用！
SpringBoot 連接 ElasticSearch，主流的方式有以下四種方式
方式一：通過Elastic Transport Client客戶端連接 es 服務器，底層基于 TCP 協議通過 transport 模塊和遠程 ES 服務端通信，不過，從 V7.0 開始官方不建議使用，V8.0開始正式移除。
方式二：通過Elastic Java Low Level Rest Client客戶端連接 es 服務器，底層基于 HTTP 協議通過 restful API 來和遠程 ES 服務端通信，只提供了最簡單最基本的 API，類似于上篇文章中給大家介紹的 API 操作邏輯
方式三：通過Elastic Java High Level Rest Client客戶端連接 es 服務器，底層基于Elastic Java Low Level Rest Client客戶端做了一層封裝，提供了更高級得 API 且和Elastic Transport Client接口及參數保持一致，官方推薦的 es 客戶端。
方式四：通過JestClient客戶端連接 es 服務器，這是開源社區基于 HTTP 協議開發的一款 es 客戶端，官方宣稱接口及代碼設計比 ES 官方提供的 Rest 客戶端更簡潔、更合理，更好用，具有一定的 ES 服務端版本兼容性，但是更新速度不是很快，目前 ES 版本已經出到 V7.9，但是JestClient只支持 V1.0~V6.X 版 ?本的 ES。
還有一個需要大家注意的地方，那就是版本號的兼容！
在開發過程中，大家尤其需要關注一下客戶端和服務端的版本號，要盡可能保持一致，比如服務端 es 的版本號是6.8.2，那么連接 es 的客戶端版本號，最好也是6.8.2，即使因項目的原因不能保持一致，客戶端的版本號必須在6.0.0 ～6.8.2，不要超過服務器的版本號，這樣客戶端才能保持正常工作，否則會出現很多意想不到的問題，假如客戶端是7.0.4的版本號，此時的程序會各種報錯，甚至沒辦法用！
為什么要這樣做呢？主要原因就是 es 的服務端，高版本不兼容低版本；es6 和 es7 的某些 API 請求參數結構有著很大的區別，所以客戶端和服務端版本號盡量保持一致。
廢話也不多說了，直接上代碼！
二、代碼實踐
本文采用的SpringBoot版本號是2.1.0.RELEASE，服務端 es 的版本號是6.8.2，客戶端采用的是官方推薦的Elastic Java High Level Rest Client版本號是6.4.2，方便與SpringBoot的版本兼容。
2.1、導入依賴
<!--elasticsearch-->
<dependency><groupId>org.elasticsearch</groupId><artifactId>elasticsearch</artifactId><version>6.4.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency><groupId>org.elasticsearch.client</groupId><artifactId>elasticsearch-rest-client</artifactId><version>6.4.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency><groupId>org.elasticsearch.client</groupId><artifactId>elasticsearch-rest-high-level-client</artifactId><version>6.4.2</version>
</dependency>
2.2、配置環境變量
在application.properties全局配置文件中，配置elasticsearch自定義環境變量
elasticsearch.scheme=http
elasticsearch.address=127.0.0.1:9200
elasticsearch.userName=
elasticsearch.userPwd=
elasticsearch.socketTimeout=5000
elasticsearch.connectTimeout=5000
elasticsearch.connectionRequestTimeout=5000
2.3、創建 elasticsearch 的 config 類
@Configuration
public?class?ElasticsearchConfiguration?{private?static?final?Logger?log?=?LoggerFactory.getLogger(ElasticsearchConfiguration.class);private?static?final?int?ADDRESS_LENGTH?=?2;@Value("${elasticsearch.scheme:http}")private?String?scheme;@Value("${elasticsearch.address}")private?String?address;@Value("${elasticsearch.userName}")private?String?userName;@Value("${elasticsearch.userPwd}")private?String?userPwd;@Value("${elasticsearch.socketTimeout:5000}")private?Integer?socketTimeout;@Value("${elasticsearch.connectTimeout:5000}")private?Integer?connectTimeout;@Value("${elasticsearch.connectionRequestTimeout:5000}")private?Integer?connectionRequestTimeout;/***?初始化客戶端*?@return*/@Bean(name?=?"restHighLevelClient")public?RestHighLevelClient?restClientBuilder()?{HttpHost[]?hosts?=?Arrays.stream(address.split(",")).map(this::buildHttpHost).filter(Objects::nonNull).toArray(HttpHost[]::new);RestClientBuilder?restClientBuilder?=?RestClient.builder(hosts);//?異步參數配置restClientBuilder.setHttpClientConfigCallback(httpClientBuilder?->?{httpClientBuilder.setDefaultCredentialsProvider(buildCredentialsProvider());return?httpClientBuilder;});//?異步連接延時配置restClientBuilder.setRequestConfigCallback(requestConfigBuilder?->?{requestConfigBuilder.setConnectionRequestTimeout(connectionRequestTimeout);requestConfigBuilder.setSocketTimeout(socketTimeout);requestConfigBuilder.setConnectTimeout(connectTimeout);return?requestConfigBuilder;});return?new?RestHighLevelClient(restClientBuilder);}/***?根據配置創建HttpHost*?@param?s*?@return*/private?HttpHost?buildHttpHost(String?s)?{String[]?address?=?s.split(":");if?(address.length?==?ADDRESS_LENGTH)?{String?ip?=?address[0];int?port?=?Integer.parseInt(address[1]);return?new?HttpHost(ip,?port,?scheme);}?else?{return?null;}}/***?構建認證服務*?@return*/private?CredentialsProvider?buildCredentialsProvider(){final?CredentialsProvider?credentialsProvider?=?new?BasicCredentialsProvider();credentialsProvider.setCredentials(AuthScope.ANY,?new?UsernamePasswordCredentials(userName,userPwd));return?credentialsProvider;}
}
至此，客戶端配置完畢，項目啟動的時候，會自動注入到Spring的ioc容器里面。
2.4、索引管理
es 中最重要的就是索引庫，客戶端如何創建呢？請看下文！
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes?=?ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public?class?IndexJunit?{@Autowiredprivate?RestHighLevelClient?client;/***?創建索引（簡單模式）*?@throws?IOException*/@Testpublic?void?createIndex()?throws?IOException?{CreateIndexRequest?request?=?new?CreateIndexRequest("cs_index");CreateIndexResponse?response?=?client.indices().create(request,?RequestOptions.DEFAULT);System.out.println(response.isAcknowledged());}/***?創建索引（復雜模式）*?可以直接把對應的文檔結構也一并初始化*?@throws?IOException*/@Testpublic?void?createIndexComplete()?throws?IOException?{CreateIndexRequest?request?=?new?CreateIndexRequest();//索引名稱request.index("cs_index");//索引配置Settings?settings?=?Settings.builder().put("index.number_of_shards",?3).put("index.number_of_replicas",?1).build();request.settings(settings);//映射結構字段Map<String,?Object>?properties?=?new?HashMap();properties.put("id",?ImmutableBiMap.of("type",?"text"));properties.put("name",?ImmutableBiMap.of("type",?"text"));properties.put("sex",?ImmutableBiMap.of("type",?"text"));properties.put("age",?ImmutableBiMap.of("type",?"long"));properties.put("city",?ImmutableBiMap.of("type",?"text"));properties.put("createTime",?ImmutableBiMap.of("type",?"long"));Map<String,?Object>?mapping?=?new?HashMap<>();mapping.put("properties",?properties);//添加一個默認類型System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(request));request.mapping("_doc",mapping);CreateIndexResponse?response?=?client.indices().create(request,?RequestOptions.DEFAULT);System.out.println(response.isAcknowledged());}}
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes?=?ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public?class?IndexJunit?{@Autowiredprivate?RestHighLevelClient?client;/***?刪除索引*?@throws?IOException*/@Testpublic?void?deleteIndex()?throws?IOException?{DeleteIndexRequest?request?=?new?DeleteIndexRequest("cs_index1");AcknowledgedResponse?response?=?client.indices().delete(request,?RequestOptions.DEFAULT);System.out.println(response.isAcknowledged());}}
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes?=?ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public?class?IndexJunit?{@Autowiredprivate?RestHighLevelClient?client;/***?查詢索引*?@throws?IOException*/@Testpublic?void?getIndex()?throws?IOException?{//?創建請求GetIndexRequest?request?=?new?GetIndexRequest();request.indices("cs_index");//?執行請求,獲取響應GetIndexResponse?response?=?client.indices().get(request,?RequestOptions.DEFAULT);System.out.println(response.toString());}}
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes?=?ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public?class?IndexJunit?{@Autowiredprivate?RestHighLevelClient?client;/***?檢查索引是否存在*?@throws?IOException*/@Testpublic?void?exists()?throws?IOException?{//?創建請求GetIndexRequest?request?=?new?GetIndexRequest();request.indices("cs_index");//?執行請求,獲取響應boolean?response?=?client.indices().exists(request,?RequestOptions.DEFAULT);System.out.println(response);}}
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes?=?ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public?class?IndexJunit?{@Autowiredprivate?RestHighLevelClient?client;/***?查詢所有的索引名稱*?@throws?IOException*/@Testpublic?void?getAllIndices()?throws?IOException?{GetAliasesRequest?request?=?new?GetAliasesRequest();GetAliasesResponse?response?=??client.indices().getAlias(request,RequestOptions.DEFAULT);Map<String,?Set<AliasMetaData>>?map?=?response.getAliases();Set<String>?indices?=?map.keySet();for?(String?key?:?indices)?{System.out.println(key);}}}
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes?=?ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public?class?IndexJunit?{@Autowiredprivate?RestHighLevelClient?client;/***?查詢索引映射字段*?@throws?IOException*/@Testpublic?void?getMapping()?throws?IOException?{GetMappingsRequest?request?=?new?GetMappingsRequest();request.indices("cs_index");request.types("_doc");GetMappingsResponse?response?=?client.indices().getMapping(request,?RequestOptions.DEFAULT);System.out.println(response.toString());}}
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes?=?ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public?class?IndexJunit?{@Autowiredprivate?RestHighLevelClient?client;/***?添加索引映射字段*?@throws?IOException*/@Testpublic?void?addMapping()?throws?IOException?{PutMappingRequest?request?=?new?PutMappingRequest();request.indices("cs_index");request.type("_doc");//添加字段Map<String,?Object>?properties?=?new?HashMap();properties.put("accountName",?ImmutableBiMap.of("type",?"keyword"));Map<String,?Object>?mapping?=?new?HashMap<>();mapping.put("properties",?properties);request.source(mapping);PutMappingResponse?response?=?client.indices().putMapping(request,?RequestOptions.DEFAULT);System.out.println(response.isAcknowledged());}}
2.5、文檔管理
所謂文檔，就是向索引里面添加數據，方便進行數據查詢，詳細操作內容，請看下文！
public?class?UserDocument?{private?String?id;private?String?name;private?String?sex;private?Integer?age;private?String?city;private?Date?createTime;//省略get、set...
}
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes?=?ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public?class?DocJunit?{@Autowiredprivate?RestHighLevelClient?client;/***?添加文檔*?@throws?IOException*/@Testpublic?void?addDocument()?throws?IOException?{//?創建對象UserDocument?user?=?new?UserDocument();user.setId("1");user.setName("里斯");user.setCity("武漢");user.setSex("男");user.setAge(20);user.setCreateTime(new?Date());//?創建索引,即獲取索引IndexRequest?request?=?new?IndexRequest();//?外層參數request.id("1");request.index("cs_index");request.type("_doc");request.timeout(TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(1));//?存入對象request.source(JSON.toJSONString(user),?XContentType.JSON);//?發送請求System.out.println(request.toString());IndexResponse?response?=?client.index(request,?RequestOptions.DEFAULT);System.out.println(response.toString());}}
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes?=?ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public?class?DocJunit?{@Autowiredprivate?RestHighLevelClient?client;/***?更新文檔（按需修改）*?@throws?IOException*/@Testpublic?void?updateDocument()?throws?IOException?{//?創建對象UserDocument?user?=?new?UserDocument();user.setId("2");user.setName("程咬金");user.setCreateTime(new?Date());//?創建索引,即獲取索引UpdateRequest?request?=?new?UpdateRequest();//?外層參數request.id("2");request.index("cs_index");request.type("_doc");request.timeout(TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(1));//?存入對象request.doc(JSON.toJSONString(user),?XContentType.JSON);//?發送請求System.out.println(request.toString());UpdateResponse?response?=?client.update(request,?RequestOptions.DEFAULT);System.out.println(response.toString());}}
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes?=?ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public?class?DocJunit?{@Autowiredprivate?RestHighLevelClient?client;/***?刪除文檔*?@throws?IOException*/@Testpublic?void?deleteDocument()?throws?IOException?{//?創建索引,即獲取索引DeleteRequest?request?=?new?DeleteRequest();//?外層參數request.id("1");request.index("cs_index");request.type("_doc");request.timeout(TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(1));//?發送請求System.out.println(request.toString());DeleteResponse?response?=?client.delete(request,?RequestOptions.DEFAULT);System.out.println(response.toString());}}
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes?=?ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public?class?DocJunit?{@Autowiredprivate?RestHighLevelClient?client;/***?查詢文檔是不是存在*?@throws?IOException*/@Testpublic?void?exists()?throws?IOException?{//?創建索引,即獲取索引GetRequest?request?=?new?GetRequest();//?外層參數request.id("3");request.index("cs_index");request.type("_doc");//?發送請求System.out.println(request.toString());boolean?response?=?client.exists(request,?RequestOptions.DEFAULT);System.out.println(response);}
}
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes?=?ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public?class?DocJunit?{@Autowiredprivate?RestHighLevelClient?client;/***?通過ID，查詢指定文檔*?@throws?IOException*/@Testpublic?void?getById()?throws?IOException?{//?創建索引,即獲取索引GetRequest?request?=?new?GetRequest();//?外層參數request.id("1");request.index("cs_index");request.type("_doc");//?發送請求System.out.println(request.toString());GetResponse?response?=?client.get(request,?RequestOptions.DEFAULT);System.out.println(response.toString());}
}
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes?=?ElasticSearchApplication.class)
public?class?DocJunit?{@Autowiredprivate?RestHighLevelClient?client;/***?批量添加文檔*?@throws?IOException*/@Testpublic?void?batchAddDocument()?throws?IOException?{//?批量請求BulkRequest?bulkRequest?=?new?BulkRequest();bulkRequest.timeout(TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(10));//?創建對象List<UserDocument>?userArrayList?=?new?ArrayList<>();userArrayList.add(new?UserDocument("張三",?"男",?30,?"武漢"));userArrayList.add(new?UserDocument("里斯",?"女",?31,?"北京"));userArrayList.add(new?UserDocument("王五",?"男",?32,?"武漢"));userArrayList.add(new?UserDocument("趙六",?"女",?33,?"長沙"));userArrayList.add(new?UserDocument("七七",?"男",?34,?"武漢"));//?添加請求for?(int?i?=?0;?i?<?userArrayList.size();?i++)?{userArrayList.get(i).setId(String.valueOf(i));IndexRequest?indexRequest?=?new?IndexRequest();//?外層參數indexRequest.id(String.valueOf(i));indexRequest.index("cs_index");indexRequest.type("_doc");indexRequest.timeout(TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(1));indexRequest.source(JSON.toJSONString(userArrayList.get(i)),?XContentType.JSON);bulkRequest.add(indexRequest);}//?執行請求BulkResponse?response?=?client.bulk(bulkRequest,?RequestOptions.DEFAULT);System.out.println(response.status());}}
三、小結
本文主要圍繞 SpringBoot 整合 ElasticSearch 接受數據的插入和搜索使用技巧，在實際的使用過程中，版本號尤其的重要，不同版本的 es，對應的 api 是不一樣的。
總結
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