之所以用源碼編譯的方式安裝mono和monodevelop，是因?yàn)橥ㄟ^yum安裝的mono不是最新版本，而且monodevelop不能建 asp.net MVC3的工程。

而且通過源碼安裝，可以進(jìn)一步了解mono的各個(gè)項(xiàng)目之間的關(guān)系。

我用的Fedora16系統(tǒng)

1.? mono的源碼編譯安裝

下載mono的最新源碼，github上的源碼編譯時(shí)總是報(bào)找不到 gmcs.exe的錯(cuò)誤。

我下的是mono-2.11.3版

# tar jxvf mono-2.11.3.tar.bz2# cd mono-2.11.3# ./autogen.sh --prefix=/usr/local# make# make install

需要注意的是用root用戶來安裝，否則有錯(cuò)誤。

2. monodevelop的源碼編譯安裝

monodevelop的源碼編譯安裝相當(dāng)曲折，搞了好幾天。

有幾點(diǎn)需要注意：

在monodevelop的官網(wǎng)上下最新源碼，否則在./configure時(shí)會(huì)有找不到文件的錯(cuò)。

在安裝monodevelop之前，要先安裝一些依賴的包。(mono-addins，gtk-sharp，libglade2，gnome-sharp-2.0)

安裝完后，需要設(shè)置LD_LIBRARY_PATH這個(gè)環(huán)境變量

用root用戶來安裝

安裝monodevelop之前，按順序安裝一些依賴包：

(gtk-sharp? --> mono-addins?--> libglade2--> gnome-sharp-2.0)

這些包在安裝時(shí)也會(huì)遇到各種問題，下面是我安裝時(shí)遇到的各種問題及解決方法，供參考。

以上的安裝順序是我總結(jié)出來的，沒有試驗(yàn)過。

我安裝時(shí)并不知道上面的安裝順序，是直接安裝monodevelop，然后遇到問題再解決的。我的安裝順序如下：

1) 和mono同樣的網(wǎng)址下載monodevelop的最新代碼。

# tar jxvf monodevelop-3.1.0.tar.bz2# cd monodevelop-3.1.0# ./configure --prefix=`pkg-config --variable=prefix mono`

此時(shí)報(bào)了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤如下：找不到 UNMANAGED_DEPENDENCIES_MONO

====================================================================[root@localhost monodevelop-3.1.0]# ./configure --prefix=`pkg-config --variable=prefix mono`checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -cchecking whether build environment is sane... yeschecking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -pchecking for gawk... gawkchecking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yeschecking how to create a ustar tar archive... gnutarchecking whether to enable maintainer-specific portions of Makefiles... nochecking for mono... /usr/local/bin/monochecking for gmcs... /usr/local/bin/gmcschecking for update-mime-database... /usr/bin/update-mime-databasechecking for pkg-config... /usr/bin/pkg-configchecking for msgfmt... /usr/bin/msgfmtchecking for msgmerge... /usr/bin/msgmergechecking pkg-config is at least version 0.9.0... yeschecking for UNMANAGED_DEPENDENCIES_MONO... noconfigure: error: Please install mono version 2.8 or later to install MonoDevelop.Please see http://www.mono-project.org/ to download latest mono sources or packages====================================================================

通過以下命令修復(fù)此錯(cuò)誤：

# export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/lib/pkgconfig:/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig

再次執(zhí)行：

# ./configure --prefix=`pkg-config --variable=prefix mono`

此時(shí)報(bào)了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤如下：找不到 mono-addins

====================================================================checking for UNMANAGED_DEPENDENCIES_MONO... yeschecking for mono... /usr/local/bin/monochecking for dmcs... /usr/local/bin/dmcschecking for MONO_ADDINS... noconfigure: error: Package requirements (mono-addins >= 0.6) were not met:No package 'mono-addins' foundConsider adjusting the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable if youinstalled software in a non-standard prefix.Alternatively, you may set the environment variables MONO_ADDINS_CFLAGSand MONO_ADDINS_LIBS to avoid the need to call pkg-config.See the pkg-config man page for more details.====================================================================

# tar jxvf mono-addins-0.6.2.tar.bz2# cd mono-addins-0.6.2# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local

此時(shí)報(bào)了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤如下：找不到 gtk-sharp-2.0

====================================================================checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -cchecking whether build environment is sane... yeschecking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -pchecking for gawk... gawkchecking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yeschecking how to create a ustar tar archive... gnutarchecking whether to enable maintainer-specific portions of Makefiles... nochecking for pkg-config... /usr/bin/pkg-configchecking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -cchecking for gmcs... /usr/local/bin/gmcschecking for gacutil... /usr/local/bin/gacutilchecking for al... /usr/local/bin/alchecking pkg-config is at least version 0.9.0... yeschecking for GTK_SHARP_20... configure: error: Package requirements (gtk-sharp-2.0) were not met:No package 'gtk-sharp-2.0' foundConsider adjusting the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable if youinstalled software in a non-standard prefix.Alternatively, you may set the environment variables GTK_SHARP_20_CFLAGSand GTK_SHARP_20_LIBS to avoid the need to call pkg-config.See the pkg-config man page for more details.====================================================================

# tar jxvf gtk-sharp-2.12.11.tar.bz2# cd gtk-sharp-2.12.11# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local# make# make install

gtk-sharp安裝成功后，接著安裝mono-addins

# cd ../mono-addins-0.6.2# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local# make# make install

mono-addins安裝成功后，接著安裝monodevelop

# cd ../monodevelop-3.1.0# ./configure --prefix=`pkg-config --variable=prefix mono`

此時(shí)報(bào)了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤如下：找不到 glade-sharp-2.0

====================================================================[root@localhost monodevelop-3.1.0]# ./configure --prefix=`pkg-config --variable=prefix mono`checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -cchecking whether build environment is sane... yeschecking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -pchecking for gawk... gawkchecking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yeschecking how to create a ustar tar archive... gnutarchecking whether to enable maintainer-specific portions of Makefiles... nochecking for mono... /usr/local/bin/monochecking for gmcs... /usr/local/bin/gmcschecking for update-mime-database... /usr/bin/update-mime-databasechecking for pkg-config... /usr/bin/pkg-configchecking for msgfmt... /usr/bin/msgfmtchecking for msgmerge... /usr/bin/msgmergechecking pkg-config is at least version 0.9.0... yeschecking for UNMANAGED_DEPENDENCIES_MONO... yeschecking for mono... /usr/local/bin/monochecking for dmcs... /usr/local/bin/dmcschecking for MONO_ADDINS... yeschecking for MONO_ADDINS_SETUP... yeschecking for MONO_ADDINS_GUI... yeschecking for GLIB_SHARP... yeschecking for GTK_SHARP... yeschecking for GLADE_SHARP... noconfigure: error: Package requirements (glade-sharp-2.0 >= 2.12.8) were not met:No package 'glade-sharp-2.0' foundConsider adjusting the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable if youinstalled software in a non-standard prefix.Alternatively, you may set the environment variables GLADE_SHARP_CFLAGSand GLADE_SHARP_LIBS to avoid the need to call pkg-config.See the pkg-config man page for more details.====================================================================

我不知道glade-sharp是什么包，先安裝了libgdiplus

# tar jxvf libgdiplus-2.10.9.tar.bz2# cd libgdiplus-2.10.9# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local# make

make時(shí)報(bào)了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤如下：

====================================================================/usr/lib64/libglib-2.0.so.0: could not read symbols: Invalid operationcollect2: error: ld returned 1 exit statusmake[2]: *** [testgdi] Error 1make[2]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9/tests'make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/local/src/libgdiplus-2.10.9'make: *** [all] Error 2====================================================================

解決辦法如下：

1. 運(yùn)行./configure --prefix=/usr/local 之后，編輯 tests/Makefile 文件

2. 在Makefile文件130行位置，將?? LIBS = -lpthread -lfontconfig

改為 LIBS = -lpthread -lfontconfig -lglib-2.0 -lX11

3. 再次運(yùn)行 make 即可

# make# make install

接著安裝monodevelop

# cd ../monodevelop-3.1.0# ./configure --prefix=`pkg-config --variable=prefix mono`

仍然是錯(cuò)誤：找不到 glade-sharp-2.0

利用yum 安裝libglade2-devel，mono源碼中沒找到這個(gè)包

# yum search libglade2# yum install libglade2-devel.x86_64

知道這個(gè)包的名稱，也可以找相應(yīng)的rpm來安裝。

安裝完libglade2后，重新安裝 gtk-sharp2，安裝方法上面已有。

接著，再次嘗試安裝 monodevelop：# ./configure --prefix=`pkg-config --variable=prefix mono`

此時(shí)報(bào)了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤如下：未安裝gnome-sharp-2.0

====================================================================[root@localhost monodevelop-3.1.0]# ./configure --prefix=`pkg-config --variable=prefix mono`checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -cchecking whether build environment is sane... yeschecking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -pchecking for gawk... gawkchecking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yeschecking how to create a ustar tar archive... gnutarchecking whether to enable maintainer-specific portions of Makefiles... nochecking for mono... /usr/local/bin/monochecking for gmcs... /usr/local/bin/gmcschecking for update-mime-database... /usr/bin/update-mime-databasechecking for pkg-config... /usr/bin/pkg-configchecking for msgfmt... /usr/bin/msgfmtchecking for msgmerge... /usr/bin/msgmergechecking pkg-config is at least version 0.9.0... yeschecking for UNMANAGED_DEPENDENCIES_MONO... yeschecking for mono... /usr/local/bin/monochecking for dmcs... /usr/local/bin/dmcschecking for MONO_ADDINS... yeschecking for MONO_ADDINS_SETUP... yeschecking for MONO_ADDINS_GUI... yeschecking for GLIB_SHARP... yeschecking for GTK_SHARP... yeschecking for GLADE_SHARP... yeschecking for MONODOC... yeschecking for GNOME_SHARP... nochecking for GNOME_VFS_SHARP... nochecking for GCONF_SHARP... noconfigure: error: Cannot enable GNOME platform without gnome-sharp-2.0====================================================================

# tar jxvf gnome-sharp-2.20.1.tar.bz2# cd gnome-sharp-2.20.1# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local

雖然沒有報(bào)錯(cuò)，但是提示缺少3個(gè)assmely: art-sharp.dll,gnomevfs-sharp.dll,gnome-sharp.dll

====================================================================Configuration summary* Installation prefix = /usr/local* C# compiler: /usr/local/bin/mcs -define:GTK_SHARP_2_6 -define:GTK_SHARP_2_8 -define:GNOME_SHARP_2_16 -define:GNOME_SHARP_2_20Optional assemblies included in the build:* art-sharp.dll: no* gnomevfs-sharp.dll: no* gnome-sharp.dll: noNOTE: if any of the above say 'no' you may install thecorresponding development packages for them, rerunautogen.sh to include them in the build.gnome-sharp.dll requires libgnomecanvas, libgnome,libgnomeui, libgnomeprint, libgnomeprintui, andlibpanelapplet.====================================================================

下面的兩個(gè)dll對(duì)應(yīng)如下庫(kù)：(我是通過 yum找到的)

art-sharp.dll???????????? : libart_lgpl-devel

gnomevfs-sharp.dll: gnome-vfs2-devel

最后一個(gè)根據(jù)上面的提示，(對(duì)應(yīng)如下庫(kù))

gnome-sharp.dll?? : libgnomecanvas, libgnome,

libgnomeui, libgnomeprint, libgnomeprintui, and

libpanelapplet(即gnome-panel-devel)

# make

make 后，報(bào)出如下錯(cuò)誤：

====================================================================error CS0006: Metadata file `Mono.GetOptions.dll' could not be found====================================================================

經(jīng)過調(diào)查，

1.? 原來是gnome-sharp版本太舊的原因，

前面用的gnome-sharp-2.20.*用了Mono.GetOptions，更新至gnome-sharp-2.24.*

2.? 注釋掉gnome-sharp-2.24.1/sample/gnomevfs/Makefile中關(guān)于 Mono.GetOptions的內(nèi)容

# tar jxvf gnome-sharp-2.24.1.tar.bz2# cd gnome-sharp-2.24.0# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local# make# make install

接著，再次嘗試安裝 monodevelop：

# ./configure --prefix=`pkg-config --variable=prefix mono`

此時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生一些找不到 tests/UnitTests/Makefile.in 之類的錯(cuò)誤。

經(jīng)過調(diào)查，似乎是monodevelop 版本的問題，在monodevelop官網(wǎng)上下載最新的代碼，

然后重新安裝，終于安裝成功。官網(wǎng)上最新版是3.0.3.4

# tar jxvf monodevelop-3.0.3.4.tar.bz2# cd ../monodevelop-3.0.3.4# ./configure --prefix=`pkg-config --variable=prefix mono`# make# make install

安裝完后，monodevep卻無法啟動(dòng)，錯(cuò)誤如下：

====================================================================System.TypeInitializationException: An exception was thrown by the type initializer for Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall ---> System.DllNotFoundException: libMonoPosixHelper.soat (wrapper managed-to-native) Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall:_L_ctermid ()at Mono.Unix.Native.Syscall..cctor () [0x00032] in /home/wangyb/downloads/mono/mono-2.11.3/mcs/class/Mono.Posix/Mono.Unix.Native/Syscall.cs:2599--- End of inner exception stack trace ---at MonoDevelop.Core.LoggingService.RedirectOutputToFileUnix (FilePath logDirectory, System.String logName) [0x0001f] in /home/wangyb/downloads/mono/monodevelop-3.0.3.4/src/core/MonoDevelop.Core/MonoDevelop.Core/LoggingService.cs:177at MonoDevelop.Core.LoggingService.RedirectOutputToLogFile () [0x00046] in /home/wangyb/downloads/mono/monodevelop-3.0.3.4/src/core/MonoDevelop.Core/MonoDevelop.Core/LoggingService.cs:140FATAL ERROR [2012-07-29 07:59:49Z]: MonoDevelop failed to start. Some of the assemblies required to run MonoDevelop (for example gtk-sharp, gnome-sharp or gtkhtml-sharp) may not be properly installed in the GAC.System.TypeInitializationException: An exception was thrown by the type initializer for Gtk.Application ---> System.DllNotFoundException: glibsharpglue-2at (wrapper managed-to-native) GLib.Thread:glibsharp_g_thread_supported ()at GLib.Thread.get_Supported () [0x00000] in :0at Gtk.Application..cctor () [0x00000] in :0--- End of inner exception stack trace ---at MonoDevelop.Ide.IdeStartup.Run (MonoDevelop.Ide.MonoDevelopOptions options) [0x00085] in /home/wangyb/downloads/mono/monodevelop-3.0.3.4/src/core/MonoDevelop.Ide/MonoDevelop.Ide/IdeStartup.cs:95at MonoDevelop.Ide.IdeStartup.Main (System.String[] args) [0x00058] in /home/wangyb/downloads/mono/monodevelop-3.0.3.4/src/core/MonoDevelop.Ide/MonoDevelop.Ide/IdeStartup.cs:503====================================================================

將LD_LIBRARY_PATH加入到啟動(dòng)的配置文件中，即 ～/.bashrc

內(nèi)容如下：

# add mono LD_LIBRARY_PATHexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib

終于啟動(dòng)成功，也有 aspnet-mvc3的工程了 ^_^

3. 總結(jié)

記錄下安裝過程的錯(cuò)誤，也是方便以后遇到相同的錯(cuò)誤可以知道怎么解決。

大家在安裝過程中如果有什么新的問題，歡迎交流。

總結(jié)

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