[Jetson TX2] NVIDIA Jetson TX2 参数介绍
- 本文在原帖:https://blog.csdn.net/Gerwels_JI/article/details/84576935#t4的基礎上作了增補完善，非筆者原創，特此聲明。
0 參數一覽
- 參考：https://elinux.org/Jetson
1 Jetson TX2 Overview
The Jetson TX2 is a new iteration of the Jetson Development Kit which doubles the computing power and power efficiency of the earlier Jetson TX1.
The Jetson TX1 Dev Kit introduced a new module format, where a standardized Tegra Module is plugged into a carrier board(載板). While the Jetson TX2 uses the same carrier board as the Jetson TX1, the actual Tegra TX2 Module itself is all new.
2 Hardware
- 包括1塊GPU + 2塊CPU：
The Jetson TX2 features a NVIDIA Pascal GPU with 256 CUDA capable cores. The CPU complex consists of two ARM v8 64-bit CPU clusters which are connected by a high-performance coherent interconnect fabric(通暢的互聯結構). The Denver 2 (Dual-Core) CPU cluster is optimized for higher single-thread(單線程) performance; the second CPU cluster is an ARM Cortex-A57 QuadCore which is better suited for multi-threaded(多線程) applications. - 擁有128-bit memory controller + 8 GB RAM and 32 GB ROM
The memory subsystem incorporates a 128-bit memory controller(128位內存控制器), which provides high bandwidth(32Gbps) LPDDR4** support. 8 GB LPDDR4 Main Memory and 32 GB eMMC Flash memory are integrated on the Module. Going to a 128-bit design from the TX1 64-bit is a major performance enhancement. - 支持音視頻硬件編解碼
The Module also supports hardware video encoders and decoders which support 4K ultra-high-definition video at 60 fps in several different formats(格式). This is slightly different than the hybrid Jetson TX1 module, which used both dedicated hardware and software which was running on the Tegra SoC for those tasks. Also included is an Audio Processing Engine with full hardware support for multi-channel audio. - 包括Wi-Fi and Bluetooth模塊
The Jetson TX2 supports Wi-Fi and Bluetooth wireless connectivity. Wi-fi is much improved over the earlier Jetson TX1. Gigabit Ethernet BASE-T is included. Here’s a comparison between the TX1 and the TX2.
2.1 Jetson TX2 vs Jetson TX1
The carrier board, which is common between both the Jetson TX2 and the Jetson TX1, has the following I/O connectors:
- USB 3.0 Type A
- USB 2.0 Micro AB (supports recovery and host mode)
- HDMI
- M.2 Key E
- PCI-E x4
- Gigabit Ethernet
- Full size SD card reader
- SATA data+power
- Display expansion header
- Camera expansion header
There are two expansion headers(兩個拓展頭), a 40 pin, 2.54mm spaced header with signals laid out similarly to the Raspberry Pi, and a 30 pin, 2.54mm spaced header for extra GPIO.
The Jetson also includes a 5MP camera in the camera expansion header, and a display expansion header for adding extra display panels.
The Jetson TX2 has added a CAN bus controller to the module. CAN is a network format that is frequently used in automobiles and other vehicles. The CAN bus signals are available directly on the GPIO Expansion Header.
3 Sippy or Speedy
- Jetson TX2 Dual Operating Modes: Max-Q & Max-P
This new generation brings a configurable(可配置的) amount of performance increase depending on power consumption requirements. NVIDIA has engineered two modes:
- 參考：https://elinux.org/Jetson
- Max-Q is the name of the energy efficiency mode which clocks the Parker SoC for efficiency over performance and draws about 7.5W, right before the bend in the power/performance curve. The result of this mode is that the TX2 has similar performance to a TX1 in max performance mode, while drawing about half the power!
- In Max-P mode, the TX2 just flat out goes for it in the power budget of 15W. This provides about twice the performance of the Jetson TX1 at its maximum clock rate.
- eMMC和SSD主要是滿足不同需求而發展出來的NAND應用
- eMMC
平板和手機為了滿足移動性的需求，所以需要做到輕,薄；尤其是功耗要很低，因此eMMC就誕生了；所以eMMC接口是用IO pin來定義的，這樣接口簡單，功耗低；另外eMMC對于蘋果iPad、安卓平板電腦、手機的作用也是巨大的，平板和手機都比較小，所以eMMC是把控制器和NAND顆粒封裝在一個package里面，這也造成eMMC不能放很多NAND顆粒，容量比較低。總結eMMC特點就是功耗低，容量小，隨機讀寫性能差； - SSD
SSD主要是為了滿足大容量存儲尤其是數據中心等應用場合，SSD成PC電腦的性能催化劑，讀寫性能尤其是隨機讀寫性能快。為可達到這樣的性能，SSD控制器都是使用高速總線，剛開始是SATA，現在PCIE也越來越多，以后可能會用光纖；NAND顆粒都有多個通道用于提升容量和讀寫性能。所以SSD功耗也很大。總結SSD特點就是功耗大, 容量大，讀寫快。 - 推薦閱讀4
- 在終端人工智能領域，NVIDIA的Jetson TX2為何如此受青睞？
https://www.leiphone.com/news/201704/TEpCLJfL6ni05AJZ.html - NVIDIA Jetson TX2 Development Kit
https://www.jetsonhacks.com/2017/03/14/nvidia-jetson-tx2-development-kit/ - DDR掃盲——DDR與DDR2、DDR3的區別
https://blog.csdn.net/chenzhen1080/article/details/82951214?utm_source=blogxgwz7 - emmc和ssd的區別
https://blog.csdn.net/hawk_lexiang/article/details/78228789 - 軟件堆棧和硬件堆棧概念分析
http://www.elecfans.com/emb/587830.html - NVIDIA Jetson TX2 Linux Benchmarks
https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&item=jetson-tegra-x2&num=1 - 官網embedded computing
https://developer.nvidia.com/embedded-computing
4 Software
-預裝ubuntu16.04，并提供JetPack 3.0
There are several changes to the Jetson TX2 software stack(軟件棧). The Jetson TX2 runs a Developer Preview of an Ubuntu 16.04 variant named L4T 27.1. The Linux Kernel is 4.4, a newer version than the earlier Jetson TX1 version 3.10. There have been changes to the boot flow, with additional firmware managers added to the mix. The Jetson TX2 comes with a long list of software libraries, and a good selection of samples with source code.
The new JetPack 3.0 installer is available to flash and copy system software to the Jetson TX2.
5 Initial Impressions
NVIDIA claims that the Jetson TX2 is twice as fast as the Jetson TX1. After booting the machine, this surely seems the case. The entire experience feels very much like a desktop/laptop level machine. Doubling the memory (and the memory bus speed) surely helps with that feeling. Previous Jetsons experience quite a bit of memory pressure when running memory intensive, desktop applications like web browsers. The TX2 doesn’t even notice.
Running a handful of compiles and tests on applications like Caffe proved that the Jetson TX2 is indeed quite a bit faster than the earlier Jetson TX1 (see the video for one of the tests).
One of the fun samples that comes with the Jetson TX2 is an object recognition example which is demonstrated in the video. The deep learning sample uses Caffe along with ImageNet and uses the onboard camera to grab imagery.
Note that we haven’t performed any performance tuning for the demos, this is how it runs fresh out the box!
If you want some hardcore numbers, go over to Phoronix and check out NVIDIA Jetson TX2 Linux Benchmarks(推薦閱讀6).
6 Conclusion
Stay tuned as we begin working with the TX2 to better understand how to take advantage of the extra performance. Find out more on the NVIDIA Developers site.#
7 Pictures, Natch!
8 Appendix
8.1 Tegra（圖睿）
Tegra是一種采用單片機系統設計片上系統（SoC, system-on-a-chip）芯片，它集成了ARM架構處理器和NVIDIA的Geforce GPU，并內置了其它功能，產品主要面向小型設備。和Intel以PC為起點的x86架構相比，ARM架構的Tegra更像是以手機處理器為起點做出的發展。
注意：它不能運行x86 PC上的Windows XP等操作系統，但在手機上應用多年的ARM架構輕量級操作系統更能適應它高速低功耗的需求。
8.2 Jetson TX2 GPU
256-core NVIDIA Pascal @ 1300MHz
8.3 Jetson TX2 CPU
ARM Cortex-A57 (quad-core) @ 2GHz +
NVIDIA Denver2 (dual-core) @ 2GHz
8.4 Jetson TX2 memory
8GB 128-bit LPDDR4 @ 1866Mhz | 58.3 GB/s
(LPDDR4: Low Power Double Data Rate 4)
8.4.1 介紹
LPDDR可以說是全球范圍內最廣泛使用于移動設備的“工作記憶”內存。全新的20nm 8Gb LPDDR4內存，在性能和集成度上都比20納米級4Gb LPDDR3內存提高一倍。 [1]
LPDDR4可提供32Gbps的帶寬，為DDR3 RAM的2倍。當前，Galaxy S5、Note 4和Nexus6均采用DDR3標準。更快速的RAM意味著應用的啟動速度更快，這對于在執行多任務時啟動重量級應用至關重要。
8.4.2 性能
由于I/O接口數據傳輸速度最高可達3200Mbps，是通常使用的DDR3 DRAM的兩倍，新推出的8Gb LPDDR4內存可以支持超高清影像的拍攝和播放,并能持續拍攝2000萬像素的高清照片。
與LPDDR3內存芯片相比，LPDDR4的運行電壓降為1.1伏，堪稱適用于大屏幕智能手機和平板電腦、高性能網絡系統的最低功耗存儲解決方案。以2GB內存封裝為例，比起基于4Gb LPDDR3芯片的2GB內存封裝，基于8Gb LPDDR4芯片的2GB內存封裝因運行電壓的降低和處理速度的提升，最大可節省40%的耗電量。同時，新產品的輸入/輸出信號傳輸采用三星獨有的低電壓擺幅終端邏輯(LVSTL, Low Voltage Swing Terminated Logic)，不僅進一步降低了LPDDR4芯片的耗電量，并使芯片能在低電壓下進行高頻率運轉，實現了電源使用效率的最優化。
8.4.3 DDR3和DDR4的區別
這兩個玩穿了的內容，就不再闡述了，我找了一篇CSDN，在文末的推薦閱讀3里面，不懂的建議看看，總體來說就是兩者的頻率和兼容主板都是不同的。所以總之，DDR4 和 DDR3 內存是無法通用的，兩者不兼容。不過目前市場有 DDR4 和 DDR3 內存都支持的 100 系列主板，這種非主流主板需求量比較小，不太建議。既然配了100、200系列的主板，就直接使用DDR4就行了。
8.5 eMMC & SSD
8.6 CAN & bus controller
9 推薦閱讀
總結
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