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mysql分区功能详细介绍，以及实例
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轉(zhuǎn)載：http://blog.csdn.net/yongchao940/article/details/55266603
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一，什么是數(shù)據(jù)庫分區(qū)
前段時間寫過一篇關(guān)于mysql分表的的文章，下面來說一下什么是數(shù)據(jù)庫分區(qū)，以mysql為例。mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫中的數(shù)據(jù)是以文件的形勢存在磁盤上的，默認放在/mysql/data下面（可以通過my.cnf中的datadir來查看），一張表主要對應(yīng)著三個文件，一個是frm存放表結(jié)構(gòu)的，一個是myd存放表數(shù)據(jù)的，一個是myi存表索引的。如果一張表的數(shù)據(jù)量太大的話，那么myd,myi就會變的很大，查找數(shù)據(jù)就會變的很慢，這個時候我們可以利用mysql的分區(qū)功能，在物理上將這一張表對應(yīng)的三個文件，分割成許多個小塊，這樣呢，我們查找一條數(shù)據(jù)時，就不用全部查找了，只要知道這條數(shù)據(jù)在哪一塊，然后在那一塊找就行了。如果表的數(shù)據(jù)太大，可能一個磁盤放不下，這個時候，我們可以把數(shù)據(jù)分配到不同的磁盤里面去。
分區(qū)的二種方式
1，橫向分區(qū)
什么是橫向分區(qū)呢？就是橫著來分區(qū)了，舉例來說明一下，假如有100W條數(shù)據(jù)，分成十份，前10W條數(shù)據(jù)放到第一個分區(qū)，第二個10W條數(shù)據(jù)放到第二個分區(qū)，依此類推。也就是把表分成了十分，根用merge來分表，有點像哦。取出一條數(shù)據(jù)的時候，這條數(shù)據(jù)包含了表結(jié)構(gòu)中的所有字段，也就是說橫向分區(qū)，并沒有改變表的結(jié)構(gòu)。
2，縱向分區(qū)
什么是縱向分區(qū)呢？就是豎來分區(qū)了，舉例來說明，在設(shè)計用戶表的時候，開始的時候沒有考慮好，而把個人的所有信息都放到了一張表里面去，這樣這個表里面就會有比較大的字段，如個人簡介，而這些簡介呢，也許不會有好多人去看，所以等到有人要看的時候，在去查找，分表的時候，可以把這樣的大字段，分開來。
感覺數(shù)據(jù)庫的分區(qū)好像是切蘋果，到底是橫著切呢，還是豎著切，根據(jù)個人喜好了，mysql提供的分區(qū)屬于第一種，橫向分區(qū)，并且細分成很多種方式。下面將舉例說明一下。
二，mysql的分區(qū)
我覺著吧，mysql的分區(qū)只有一種方式，只不過運用不同的算法，規(guī)則將數(shù)據(jù)分配到不同的區(qū)塊中而已。
1，mysql5.1及以上支持分區(qū)功能
安裝安裝的時候，我們就可以查看一下
查看復(fù)制打印?
[root@BlackGhost?mysql-5.1.50]#?./configure?--help?|grep?-A?3?Partition???===?Partition?Support?===???Plugin?Name:??????partition???Description:??????MySQL?Partitioning?Support???Supports?build:???static???Configurations:???max,?max-no-ndb?? [php]?view plain
?copy [root@BlackGhost?mysql-5.1.50]#?./configure?--help?|grep?-A?3?Partition???===?Partition?Support?===???Plugin?Name:??????partition???Description:??????MySQL?Partitioning?Support???Supports?build:???static???Configurations:???max,?max-no-ndb?? 查看一下，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)有上面這個東西，說明他是支持分區(qū)的，默認是打開的。如果你已經(jīng)安裝過了mysql的話
查看復(fù)制打印?
mysql>?show?variables?like?"%part%";??+-------------------+-------+??|?Variable_name?????|?Value?|??+-------------------+-------+??|?have_partitioning?|?YES???|??+-------------------+-------+??1?row?in?set?(0.00?sec)?? [php]?view plain
?copy mysql>?show?variables?like?"%part%";??+-------------------+-------+??|?Variable_name?????|?Value?|??+-------------------+-------+??|?have_partitioning?|?YES???|??+-------------------+-------+??1?row?in?set?(0.00?sec)?? 查看一下變量，如果支持的話，會有上面的提示的。
2，range分區(qū)
按照RANGE分區(qū)的表是通過如下一種方式進行分區(qū)的，每個分區(qū)包含那些分區(qū)表達式的值位于一個給定的連續(xù)區(qū)間內(nèi)的行
查看復(fù)制打印?
mysql>?CREATE?TABLE?IF?NOT?EXISTS?`user`?(???->???`id`?int(11)?NOT?NULL?AUTO_INCREMENT?COMMENT?'用戶ID',???->???`name`?varchar(50)?NOT?NULL?DEFAULT?''?COMMENT?'名稱',???->???`sex`?int(1)?NOT?NULL?DEFAULT?'0'?COMMENT?'0為男，1為女',???->???PRIMARY?KEY?(`id`)???->?)?ENGINE=MyISAM??DEFAULT?CHARSET=utf8?AUTO_INCREMENT=1???->?PARTITION?BY?RANGE?(id)?(???->?????PARTITION?p0?VALUES?LESS?THAN?(3),???->?????PARTITION?p1?VALUES?LESS?THAN?(6),???->?????PARTITION?p2?VALUES?LESS?THAN?(9),???->?????PARTITION?p3?VALUES?LESS?THAN?(12),???->?????PARTITION?p4?VALUES?LESS?THAN?MAXVALUE???->?);??Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.13?sec)????mysql>?INSERT?INTO?`test`.`user`?(`name`?,`sex`)VALUES?('tank',?'0')???->?,('zhang',1),('ying',1),('張',1),('映',0),('test1',1),('tank2',1)???->?,('tank1',1),('test2',1),('test3',1),('test4',1),('test5',1),('tank3',1)???->?,('tank4',1),('tank5',1),('tank6',1),('tank7',1),('tank8',1),('tank9',1)???->?,('tank10',1),('tank11',1),('tank12',1),('tank13',1),('tank21',1),('tank42',1);??Query?OK,?25?rows?affected?(0.05?sec)??Records:?25??Duplicates:?0??Warnings:?0????[root@BlackGhost?test]#?ls?|grep?user?|xargs?du?-sh??4.0K????user#P#p0.MYD??4.0K????user#P#p0.MYI??4.0K????user#P#p1.MYD??4.0K????user#P#p1.MYI??4.0K????user#P#p2.MYD??4.0K????user#P#p2.MYI??4.0K????user#P#p3.MYD??4.0K????user#P#p3.MYI??4.0K????user#P#p4.MYD??4.0K????user#P#p4.MYI??12K????user.frm??4.0K????user.par????mysql>?select?count(id)?as?count?from?user;??+-------+??|?count?|??+-------+??|????25?|??+-------+??1?row?in?set?(0.00?sec)????mysql>?alter?table?user?drop?partition?p4;??Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.11?sec)??Records:?0??Duplicates:?0??Warnings:?0????mysql>?select?count(id)?as?count?from?user;??+-------+??|?count?|??+-------+??|????11?|??+-------+??1?row?in?set?(0.00?sec)????[root@BlackGhost?test]#?ls?|grep?user?|xargs?du?-sh??4.0K????user#P#p0.MYD??4.0K????user#P#p0.MYI??4.0K????user#P#p1.MYD??4.0K????user#P#p1.MYI??4.0K????user#P#p2.MYD??4.0K????user#P#p2.MYI??4.0K????user#P#p3.MYD??4.0K????user#P#p3.MYI??12K????user.frm??4.0K????user.par????mysql>?alter?table?aa?partition?by?RANGE(id)???->?(PARTITION?p1?VALUES?less?than?(1),???->?PARTITION?p2?VALUES?less?than?(5),???->?PARTITION?p3?VALUES?less?than?MAXVALUE);??Query?OK,?15?rows?affected?(0.21?sec)???Records:?15??Duplicates:?0??Warnings:?0????mysql>?select?count(*)?from?aa;??+----------+??|?count(*)?|??+----------+??|???????15?|??+----------+??1?row?in?set?(0.00?sec)????mysql>?alter?table?aa?drop?partition?p2;??Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.30?sec)??Records:?0??Duplicates:?0??Warnings:?0????mysql>?select?count(*)?from?aa;??+----------+??|?count(*)?|??+----------+??|???????11?|??+----------+??1?row?in?set?(0.00?sec)?? [php]?view plain
?copy mysql>?CREATE?TABLE?IF?NOT?EXISTS?`user`?(???->???`id`?int(11)?NOT?NULL?AUTO_INCREMENT?COMMENT?'用戶ID',???->???`name`?varchar(50)?NOT?NULL?DEFAULT?''?COMMENT?'名稱',???->???`sex`?int(1)?NOT?NULL?DEFAULT?'0'?COMMENT?'0為男，1為女',???->???PRIMARY?KEY?(`id`)???->?)?ENGINE=MyISAM??DEFAULT?CHARSET=utf8?AUTO_INCREMENT=1???->?PARTITION?BY?RANGE?(id)?(???->?????PARTITION?p0?VALUES?LESS?THAN?(3),???->?????PARTITION?p1?VALUES?LESS?THAN?(6),???->?????PARTITION?p2?VALUES?LESS?THAN?(9),???->?????PARTITION?p3?VALUES?LESS?THAN?(12),???->?????PARTITION?p4?VALUES?LESS?THAN?MAXVALUE???->?);??Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.13?sec)????mysql>?INSERT?INTO?`test`.`user`?(`name`?,`sex`)VALUES?('tank',?'0')???->?,('zhang',1),('ying',1),('張',1),('映',0),('test1',1),('tank2',1)???->?,('tank1',1),('test2',1),('test3',1),('test4',1),('test5',1),('tank3',1)???->?,('tank4',1),('tank5',1),('tank6',1),('tank7',1),('tank8',1),('tank9',1)???->?,('tank10',1),('tank11',1),('tank12',1),('tank13',1),('tank21',1),('tank42',1);??Query?OK,?25?rows?affected?(0.05?sec)??Records:?25??Duplicates:?0??Warnings:?0????[root@BlackGhost?test]#?ls?|grep?user?|xargs?du?-sh??4.0K????user#P#p0.MYD??4.0K????user#P#p0.MYI??4.0K????user#P#p1.MYD??4.0K????user#P#p1.MYI??4.0K????user#P#p2.MYD??4.0K????user#P#p2.MYI??4.0K????user#P#p3.MYD??4.0K????user#P#p3.MYI??4.0K????user#P#p4.MYD??4.0K????user#P#p4.MYI??12K????user.frm??4.0K????user.par????mysql>?select?count(id)?as?count?from?user;??+-------+??|?count?|??+-------+??|????25?|??+-------+??1?row?in?set?(0.00?sec)????mysql>?alter?table?user?drop?partition?p4;??Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.11?sec)??Records:?0??Duplicates:?0??Warnings:?0????mysql>?select?count(id)?as?count?from?user;??+-------+??|?count?|??+-------+??|????11?|??+-------+??1?row?in?set?(0.00?sec)????[root@BlackGhost?test]#?ls?|grep?user?|xargs?du?-sh??4.0K????user#P#p0.MYD??4.0K????user#P#p0.MYI??4.0K????user#P#p1.MYD??4.0K????user#P#p1.MYI??4.0K????user#P#p2.MYD??4.0K????user#P#p2.MYI??4.0K????user#P#p3.MYD??4.0K????user#P#p3.MYI??12K????user.frm??4.0K????user.par????mysql>?alter?table?aa?partition?by?RANGE(id)???->?(PARTITION?p1?VALUES?less?than?(1),???->?PARTITION?p2?VALUES?less?than?(5),???->?PARTITION?p3?VALUES?less?than?MAXVALUE);??Query?OK,?15?rows?affected?(0.21?sec)???Records:?15??Duplicates:?0??Warnings:?0????mysql>?select?count(*)?from?aa;??+----------+??|?count(*)?|??+----------+??|???????15?|??+----------+??1?row?in?set?(0.00?sec)????mysql>?alter?table?aa?drop?partition?p2;??Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.30?sec)??Records:?0??Duplicates:?0??Warnings:?0????mysql>?select?count(*)?from?aa;??+----------+??|?count(*)?|??+----------+??|???????11?|??+----------+??1?row?in?set?(0.00?sec)?? 3，list分區(qū)
LIST分區(qū)中每個分區(qū)的定義和選擇是基于某列的值從屬于一個值列表集中的一個值，而RANGE分 區(qū)是從屬于一個連續(xù)區(qū)間值的集合。
查看復(fù)制打印?
mysql>?CREATE?TABLE?IF?NOT?EXISTS?`list_part`?(???->???`id`?int(11)?NOT?NULL?AUTO_INCREMENT?COMMENT?'用戶ID',???->???`province_id`?int(2)?NOT?NULL?DEFAULT?0?COMMENT?'省',???->???`name`?varchar(50)?NOT?NULL?DEFAULT?''?COMMENT?'名稱',???->???`sex`?int(1)?NOT?NULL?DEFAULT?'0'?COMMENT?'0為男，1為女',???->???PRIMARY?KEY?(`id`)???->?)?ENGINE=INNODB??DEFAULT?CHARSET=utf8?AUTO_INCREMENT=1???->?PARTITION?BY?LIST?(province_id)?(???->?????PARTITION?p0?VALUES?IN?(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8),???->?????PARTITION?p1?VALUES?IN?(9,10,11,12,16,21),???->?????PARTITION?p2?VALUES?IN?(13,14,15,19),???->?????PARTITION?p3?VALUES?IN?(17,18,20,22,23,24)???->?);??ERROR?1503?(HY000):?A?PRIMARY?KEY?must?include?all?columns?in?the?table's?partitioning?function??//這種方式成功?mysql>?CREATE?TABLE?IF?NOT?EXISTS?`list_part`?(??->???`id`?int(11)?NOT?NULL??COMMENT?'用戶ID',??->???`province_id`?int(2)?NOT?NULL?DEFAULT?0?COMMENT?'省',??->???`name`?varchar(50)?NOT?NULL?DEFAULT?''?COMMENT?'名稱',??->???`sex`?int(1)?NOT?NULL?DEFAULT?'0'?COMMENT?'0為男，1為女'???->?)?ENGINE=INNODB??DEFAULT?CHARSET=utf8???->?PARTITION?BY?LIST?(province_id)?(???->?????PARTITION?p0?VALUES?IN?(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8),???->?????PARTITION?p1?VALUES?IN?(9,10,11,12,16,21),???->?????PARTITION?p2?VALUES?IN?(13,14,15,19),???->?????PARTITION?p3?VALUES?IN?(17,18,20,22,23,24)???->?);??Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.33?sec)?? [javascript]?view plain
?copy mysql>?CREATE?TABLE?IF?NOT?EXISTS?`list_part`?(???->???`id`?int(11)?NOT?NULL?AUTO_INCREMENT?COMMENT?'用戶ID',???->???`province_id`?int(2)?NOT?NULL?DEFAULT?0?COMMENT?'省',???->???`name`?varchar(50)?NOT?NULL?DEFAULT?''?COMMENT?'名稱',???->???`sex`?int(1)?NOT?NULL?DEFAULT?'0'?COMMENT?'0為男，1為女',???->???PRIMARY?KEY?(`id`)???->?)?ENGINE=INNODB??DEFAULT?CHARSET=utf8?AUTO_INCREMENT=1???->?PARTITION?BY?LIST?(province_id)?(???->?????PARTITION?p0?VALUES?IN?(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8),???->?????PARTITION?p1?VALUES?IN?(9,10,11,12,16,21),???->?????PARTITION?p2?VALUES?IN?(13,14,15,19),???->?????PARTITION?p3?VALUES?IN?(17,18,20,22,23,24)???->?);??ERROR?1503?(HY000):?A?PRIMARY?KEY?must?include?all?columns?in?the?table's?partitioning?function????mysql>?CREATE?TABLE?IF?NOT?EXISTS?`list_part`?(???->???`id`?int(11)?NOT?NULL??COMMENT?'用戶ID',???->???`province_id`?int(2)?NOT?NULL?DEFAULT?0?COMMENT?'省',???->???`name`?varchar(50)?NOT?NULL?DEFAULT?''?COMMENT?'名稱',???->???`sex`?int(1)?NOT?NULL?DEFAULT?'0'?COMMENT?'0為男，1為女'???->?)?ENGINE=INNODB??DEFAULT?CHARSET=utf8???->?PARTITION?BY?LIST?(province_id)?(???->?????PARTITION?p0?VALUES?IN?(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8),???->?????PARTITION?p1?VALUES?IN?(9,10,11,12,16,21),???->?????PARTITION?p2?VALUES?IN?(13,14,15,19),???->?????PARTITION?p3?VALUES?IN?(17,18,20,22,23,24)???->?);??Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.33?sec)?? 上面的這個創(chuàng)建list分區(qū)時，如果有主銉的話，分區(qū)時主鍵必須在其中，不然就會報錯。如果我不用主鍵，分區(qū)就創(chuàng)建成功了，一般情況下，一個張表肯定會有一個主鍵，這算是一個分區(qū)的局限性吧。
如果對數(shù)據(jù)進行測試，請參考range分區(qū)的測試來操作
4，hash分區(qū)
HASH分區(qū)主要用來確保數(shù)據(jù)在預(yù)先確定數(shù)目的分區(qū)中平均分布，你所要做的只是基于將要被哈希的列值指定一個列值或表達式，以 及指定被分區(qū)的表將要被分割成的分區(qū)數(shù)量。
查看復(fù)制打印?
mysql>?CREATE?TABLE?IF?NOT?EXISTS?`hash_part`?(???->???`id`?int(11)?NOT?NULL?AUTO_INCREMENT?COMMENT?'評論ID',???->???`comment`?varchar(1000)?NOT?NULL?DEFAULT?''?COMMENT?'評論',???->???`ip`?varchar(25)?NOT?NULL?DEFAULT?''?COMMENT?'來源IP',???->???PRIMARY?KEY?(`id`)???->?)?ENGINE=INNODB??DEFAULT?CHARSET=utf8?AUTO_INCREMENT=1???->?PARTITION?BY?HASH(id)???->?PARTITIONS?3;??Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.06?sec)?? [php]?view plain
?copy mysql>?CREATE?TABLE?IF?NOT?EXISTS?`hash_part`?(???->???`id`?int(11)?NOT?NULL?AUTO_INCREMENT?COMMENT?'評論ID',???->???`comment`?varchar(1000)?NOT?NULL?DEFAULT?''?COMMENT?'評論',???->???`ip`?varchar(25)?NOT?NULL?DEFAULT?''?COMMENT?'來源IP',???->???PRIMARY?KEY?(`id`)???->?)?ENGINE=INNODB??DEFAULT?CHARSET=utf8?AUTO_INCREMENT=1???->?PARTITION?BY?HASH(id)???->?PARTITIONS?3;??Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.06?sec)?? 測試請參考range分區(qū)的操作
5，key分區(qū)
按照KEY進行分區(qū)類似于按照HASH分區(qū)，除了HASH分區(qū)使用的用 戶定義的表達式，而KEY分區(qū)的 哈希函數(shù)是由MySQL 服務(wù)器提供。
查看復(fù)制打印?
mysql>?CREATE?TABLE?IF?NOT?EXISTS?`key_part`?(???->???`news_id`?int(11)?NOT?NULL??COMMENT?'新聞ID',???->???`content`?varchar(1000)?NOT?NULL?DEFAULT?''?COMMENT?'新聞內(nèi)容',???->???`u_id`?varchar(25)?NOT?NULL?DEFAULT?''?COMMENT?'來源IP',???->???`create_time`?DATE?NOT?NULL?DEFAULT?'0000-00-00?00:00:00'?COMMENT?'時間'???->?)?ENGINE=INNODB??DEFAULT?CHARSET=utf8???->?PARTITION?BY?LINEAR?HASH(YEAR(create_time))???->?PARTITIONS?3;??Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.07?sec)?? [php]?view plain
?copy mysql>?CREATE?TABLE?IF?NOT?EXISTS?`key_part`?(???->???`news_id`?int(11)?NOT?NULL??COMMENT?'新聞ID',???->???`content`?varchar(1000)?NOT?NULL?DEFAULT?''?COMMENT?'新聞內(nèi)容',???->???`u_id`?varchar(25)?NOT?NULL?DEFAULT?''?COMMENT?'來源IP',???->???`create_time`?DATE?NOT?NULL?DEFAULT?'0000-00-00?00:00:00'?COMMENT?'時間'???->?)?ENGINE=INNODB??DEFAULT?CHARSET=utf8???->?PARTITION?BY?LINEAR?HASH(YEAR(create_time))???->?PARTITIONS?3;??Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.07?sec)?? 測試請參考range分區(qū)的操作
6，子分區(qū)
子分區(qū)是分區(qū)表中每個分區(qū)的再次分割，子分區(qū)既可以使用HASH希分區(qū)，也可以使用KEY分區(qū)。這 也被稱為復(fù)合分區(qū)（composite partitioning）。
1，如果一個分區(qū)中創(chuàng)建了子分區(qū)，其他分區(qū)也要有子分區(qū)
2，如果創(chuàng)建了了分區(qū)，每個分區(qū)中的子分區(qū)數(shù)必有相同
3，同一分區(qū)內(nèi)的子分區(qū)，名字不相同，不同分區(qū)內(nèi)的子分區(qū)名子可以相同（5.1.50不適用）
查看復(fù)制打印?
mysql>?CREATE?TABLE?IF?NOT?EXISTS?`sub_part`?(???->???`news_id`?int(11)?NOT?NULL??COMMENT?'新聞ID',???->???`content`?varchar(1000)?NOT?NULL?DEFAULT?''?COMMENT?'新聞內(nèi)容',???->???`u_id`??int(11)?NOT?NULL?DEFAULT?0s?COMMENT?'來源IP',???->???`create_time`?DATE?NOT?NULL?DEFAULT?'0000-00-00?00:00:00'?COMMENT?'時間'???->?)?ENGINE=INNODB??DEFAULT?CHARSET=utf8???->?PARTITION?BY?RANGE(YEAR(create_time))???->?SUBPARTITION?BY?HASH(TO_DAYS(create_time))(???->?PARTITION?p0?VALUES?LESS?THAN?(1990)(SUBPARTITION?s0,SUBPARTITION?s1,SUBPARTITION?s2),???->?PARTITION?p1?VALUES?LESS?THAN?(2000)(SUBPARTITION?s3,SUBPARTITION?s4,SUBPARTITION?good),???->?PARTITION?p2?VALUES?LESS?THAN?MAXVALUE(SUBPARTITION?tank0,SUBPARTITION?tank1,SUBPARTITION?tank3)???->?);??Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.07?sec)?? [php]?view plain
?copy mysql>?CREATE?TABLE?IF?NOT?EXISTS?`sub_part`?(???->???`news_id`?int(11)?NOT?NULL??COMMENT?'新聞ID',???->???`content`?varchar(1000)?NOT?NULL?DEFAULT?''?COMMENT?'新聞內(nèi)容',???->???`u_id`??int(11)?NOT?NULL?DEFAULT?0s?COMMENT?'來源IP',???->???`create_time`?DATE?NOT?NULL?DEFAULT?'0000-00-00?00:00:00'?COMMENT?'時間'???->?)?ENGINE=INNODB??DEFAULT?CHARSET=utf8???->?PARTITION?BY?RANGE(YEAR(create_time))???->?SUBPARTITION?BY?HASH(TO_DAYS(create_time))(???->?PARTITION?p0?VALUES?LESS?THAN?(1990)(SUBPARTITION?s0,SUBPARTITION?s1,SUBPARTITION?s2),???->?PARTITION?p1?VALUES?LESS?THAN?(2000)(SUBPARTITION?s3,SUBPARTITION?s4,SUBPARTITION?good),???->?PARTITION?p2?VALUES?LESS?THAN?MAXVALUE(SUBPARTITION?tank0,SUBPARTITION?tank1,SUBPARTITION?tank3)???->?);??Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.07?sec)?? 官方網(wǎng)站說不同分區(qū)內(nèi)的子分區(qū)可以有相同的名字，但是mysql5.1.50卻不行會提示以下錯誤
ERROR 1517 (HY000): Duplicate partition name s1
三，分區(qū)管理
1，刪除分區(qū)
mysql>?alter?table?user?drop?partition?p4;?? [php]?view plain
?copy mysql>?alter?table?user?drop?partition?p4;?? 2，新增分區(qū)
查看復(fù)制打印?
mysql>?alter?table?user?add?partition(partition?p4?values?less?than?MAXVALUE);??Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.06?sec)??Records:?0??Duplicates:?0??Warnings:?0????mysql>?alter?table?list_part?add?partition(partition?p4?values?in?(25,26,28));??Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.01?sec)??Records:?0??Duplicates:?0??Warnings:?0????mysql>?alter?table?hash_part?add?partition?partitions?4;??Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.12?sec)??Records:?0??Duplicates:?0??Warnings:?0????mysql>?alter?table?key_part?add?partition?partitions?4;??Query?OK,?1?row?affected?(0.06?sec)????Records:?1??Duplicates:?0??Warnings:?0????mysql>?alter?table?sub1_part?add?partition(partition?p3?values?less?than?MAXVALUE);??Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.02?sec)??Records:?0??Duplicates:?0??Warnings:?0????mysql>?show?create?table?sub1_part\G;??***************************?1.?row?***************************???Table:?sub1_part??Create?Table:?CREATE?TABLE?`sub1_part`?(???`news_id`?int(11)?NOT?NULL?COMMENT?'新聞ID',???`content`?varchar(1000)?NOT?NULL?DEFAULT?''?COMMENT?'新聞內(nèi)容',???`u_id`?varchar(25)?NOT?NULL?DEFAULT?''?COMMENT?'來源IP',???`create_time`?date?NOT?NULL?DEFAULT?'0000-00-00'?COMMENT?'時間'??)?ENGINE=InnoDB?DEFAULT?CHARSET=utf8??!50100?PARTITION?BY?RANGE?(YEAR(create_time))??SUBPARTITION?BY?HASH?(TO_DAYS(create_time))??(PARTITION?p0?VALUES?LESS?THAN?(1990)???(SUBPARTITION?s0?ENGINE?=?InnoDB,???SUBPARTITION?s1?ENGINE?=?InnoDB,???SUBPARTITION?s2?ENGINE?=?InnoDB),???PARTITION?p1?VALUES?LESS?THAN?(2000)???(SUBPARTITION?s3?ENGINE?=?InnoDB,???SUBPARTITION?s4?ENGINE?=?InnoDB,???SUBPARTITION?good?ENGINE?=?InnoDB),???PARTITION?p2?VALUES?LESS?THAN?(3000)???(SUBPARTITION?tank0?ENGINE?=?InnoDB,???SUBPARTITION?tank1?ENGINE?=?InnoDB,???SUBPARTITION?tank3?ENGINE?=?InnoDB),???PARTITION?p3?VALUES?LESS?THAN?MAXVALUE???(SUBPARTITION?p3sp0?ENGINE?=?InnoDB,?????SUBPARTITION?p3sp1?ENGINE?=?InnoDB,???SUBPARTITION?p3sp2?ENGINE?=?InnoDB))??1?row?in?set?(0.00?sec)?? [javascript]?view plain
?copy mysql>?alter?table?user?add?partition(partition?p4?values?less?than?MAXVALUE);??Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.06?sec)??Records:?0??Duplicates:?0??Warnings:?0????mysql>?alter?table?list_part?add?partition(partition?p4?values?in?(25,26,28));??Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.01?sec)??Records:?0??Duplicates:?0??Warnings:?0????mysql>?alter?table?hash_part?add?partition?partitions?4;??Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.12?sec)??Records:?0??Duplicates:?0??Warnings:?0????mysql>?alter?table?key_part?add?partition?partitions?4;??Query?OK,?1?row?affected?(0.06?sec)????Records:?1??Duplicates:?0??Warnings:?0????mysql>?alter?table?sub1_part?add?partition(partition?p3?values?less?than?MAXVALUE);??Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.02?sec)??Records:?0??Duplicates:?0??Warnings:?0????mysql>?show?create?table?sub1_part\G;??***************************?1.?row?***************************???Table:?sub1_part??Create?Table:?CREATE?TABLE?`sub1_part`?(???`news_id`?int(11)?NOT?NULL?COMMENT?'新聞ID',???`content`?varchar(1000)?NOT?NULL?DEFAULT?''?COMMENT?'新聞內(nèi)容',???`u_id`?varchar(25)?NOT?NULL?DEFAULT?''?COMMENT?'來源IP',???`create_time`?date?NOT?NULL?DEFAULT?'0000-00-00'?COMMENT?'時間'??)?ENGINE=InnoDB?DEFAULT?CHARSET=utf8??!50100?PARTITION?BY?RANGE?(YEAR(create_time))??SUBPARTITION?BY?HASH?(TO_DAYS(create_time))??(PARTITION?p0?VALUES?LESS?THAN?(1990)???(SUBPARTITION?s0?ENGINE?=?InnoDB,???SUBPARTITION?s1?ENGINE?=?InnoDB,???SUBPARTITION?s2?ENGINE?=?InnoDB),???PARTITION?p1?VALUES?LESS?THAN?(2000)???(SUBPARTITION?s3?ENGINE?=?InnoDB,???SUBPARTITION?s4?ENGINE?=?InnoDB,???SUBPARTITION?good?ENGINE?=?InnoDB),???PARTITION?p2?VALUES?LESS?THAN?(3000)???(SUBPARTITION?tank0?ENGINE?=?InnoDB,???SUBPARTITION?tank1?ENGINE?=?InnoDB,???SUBPARTITION?tank3?ENGINE?=?InnoDB),???PARTITION?p3?VALUES?LESS?THAN?MAXVALUE???(SUBPARTITION?p3sp0?ENGINE?=?InnoDB,?????SUBPARTITION?p3sp1?ENGINE?=?InnoDB,???SUBPARTITION?p3sp2?ENGINE?=?InnoDB))??1?row?in?set?(0.00?sec)?? 3，重新分區(qū)
查看復(fù)制打印?
mysql>?ALTER?TABLE?user?REORGANIZE?PARTITION?p0,p1,p2,p3,p4?INTO?(PARTITION?p0?VALUES?LESS?THAN?MAXVALUE);??Query?OK,?11?rows?affected?(0.08?sec)??Records:?11??Duplicates:?0??Warnings:?0????mysql>?ALTER?TABLE?list_part?REORGANIZE?PARTITION?p0,p1,p2,p3,p4?INTO?(PARTITION?p0?VALUES?in?(1,2,3,4,5));??Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.28?sec)??Records:?0??Duplicates:?0??Warnings:?0????mysql>?ALTER?TABLE?key_part?REORGANIZE?PARTITION?COALESCE?PARTITION?9;??ERROR?1064?(42000):?You?have?an?error?in?your?SQL?syntax;?check?the?manual?that?corresponds?to?your?MySQL?server?version?for?the?right?syntax?to?use?near?'PARTITION?9'?at?line?1?? [php]?view plain
?copy mysql>?ALTER?TABLE?user?REORGANIZE?PARTITION?p0,p1,p2,p3,p4?INTO?(PARTITION?p0?VALUES?LESS?THAN?MAXVALUE);??Query?OK,?11?rows?affected?(0.08?sec)??Records:?11??Duplicates:?0??Warnings:?0????mysql>?ALTER?TABLE?list_part?REORGANIZE?PARTITION?p0,p1,p2,p3,p4?INTO?(PARTITION?p0?VALUES?in?(1,2,3,4,5));??Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.28?sec)??Records:?0??Duplicates:?0??Warnings:?0????mysql>?ALTER?TABLE?key_part?REORGANIZE?PARTITION?COALESCE?PARTITION?9;??ERROR?1064?(42000):?You?have?an?error?in?your?SQL?syntax;?check?the?manual?that?corresponds?to?your?MySQL?server?version?for?the?right?syntax?to?use?near?'PARTITION?9'?at?line?1?? 四，分區(qū)優(yōu)點
1，分區(qū)可以分在多個磁盤，存儲更大一點
2，根據(jù)查找條件，也就是where后面的條件，查找只查找相應(yīng)的分區(qū)不用全部查找了
3，進行大數(shù)據(jù)搜索時可以進行并行處理。
4，跨多個磁盤來分散數(shù)據(jù)查詢，來獲得更大的查詢吞吐量
轉(zhuǎn)載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/songjy2116/p/8545655.html
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