一、?? 實驗內容

（一）敏捷開發(fā)與XP

內容：1.敏捷開發(fā)（Agile Development）是一種以人為核心、迭代、循序漸進的開發(fā)方法。

2.極限編程(eXtreme Programming，XP)是一種全新而快捷的軟件開發(fā)方法。

要點： 1. XP軟件開發(fā)的基石是XP的活動，包括：編碼、測試、傾聽、設計。

2. 我們關注其中的編碼標準，結對編程，代碼集體所有，測試，重構等實踐。（如實驗二中的TDD）

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（二）編碼標準

內容：編程標準使代碼更容易閱讀和理解，甚至可以保證其中的錯誤更少。編程標準包含：具有說明性的名字、清晰的表達式、直截了當?shù)目刂屏鳌⒖勺x的代碼和注釋，以及在追求這些內容時一致地使用某些規(guī)則和慣用法的重要性。

學習：

1. 軟件輔助修改：在eclipse中，用source->Format進行格式規(guī)范；

2. 自己命名：包名全部小寫，如： io ；類名第一個字母要大寫，如：HelloWorldApp；等

（三）結對編程

內容：在結對編程模式下，一對程序員肩并肩、平等地、互補地進行開發(fā)工作。其中的角色分配為駕駛員（控制鍵盤輸入），領航人（起到領航、提醒作用）。

（四）版本控制

摘要：版本控制提供項目級的 undo（撤銷） 功能；??? 版本控制允許多人在同一代碼上工作；?? 版本控制系統(tǒng)保存了過去所作的修改的歷史記錄；具體步驟如下——

# 添加修改文件

$ git add 所有修改的文件

# 提交到環(huán)境中本地代碼倉庫

$ git commit -m '本次修改的描述'

# push到git.shiyanlou.com，無需輸入密碼

$ git push

學習：按照要求指導，逐步在實驗樓中完成，截圖如下：

（五）重構

摘要：重構(Refactor)，就是在不改變軟件外部行為的基礎上，改變軟件內部的結構，使其更加易于閱讀、易于維護和易于變更 。學習：嘗試Encapsulate Field（封裝）功能：

原圖：

（六）實踐項目

同伴郝爽20135335博客地址http://www.cnblogs.com/20135335hs

1.綜述

我們采取“先學習，后操作；邊操作，邊變通”的實驗思路。具體方法是：研讀要求—學習代碼要素—復習TDD內容—構建測試程序—檢查測試程序—測試產品代碼—修改產品代碼—重新檢查產品代碼—完成實驗報告。在這一過程中，我們對各方面內容都進行了詳細記錄（未在實驗樓中進行托管和git）

團隊由兩名成員組成，詳細分工為：

20135335郝爽：負責前期學習的整理工作，將java代碼進行必要注釋，并對TDD內容進行補充；進行后期測試

20135233楊光：負責中期的測試代碼開發(fā)；進行后期測試

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2.研讀要求與自我學習（20135211）

1.TDD(Test Driven Development, 測試驅動開發(fā))，

TDD的一般步驟如下：

• 明確當前要完成的功能，記錄成一個測試列表
• 快速完成編寫針對此功能的測試用例
• 測試代碼編譯不通過（沒產品代碼呢）
• 編寫產品代碼
• 測試通過
• 對代碼進行重構，并保證測試通過（重構下次實驗練習）
• 循環(huán)完成所有功能的開發(fā)

2. 測試類具體操作：把鼠標放到項目名上，單擊右鍵，在彈出的菜單中選定New->Source Folder新建一個測試目錄test；把鼠標放到test目錄上，單擊右鍵，在彈出的菜單中選定New->JUnit Test Case新建一個測試用例類

3.實驗要求要點為：程序要有GUI界面，參考用戶界面和用戶體驗；記錄TDD和重構的過程，測試代碼不要少于業(yè)務代碼

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package game;

?

import java.awt.Button;?

import java.awt.Canvas;?

import java.awt.Color;?

import java.awt.Dimension;?

import java.awt.Frame;?

import java.awt.Graphics;?

import java.awt.GridLayout;?

import java.awt.Insets;?

import java.awt.Label;?

import java.awt.Panel;?

import java.awt.TextField;?

import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;?

import java.awt.event.ActionListener;?

import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;?

import java.awt.event.KeyListener;?

import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;?

import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;?

import java.awt.event.WindowListener;

?

//俄羅斯方塊類??

public class ERS_Block extends Frame {?

??? public static boolean isPlay = false;?

??? public static int level = 1, score = 0;?

??? public static TextField scoreField, levelField;?

??? public static MyTimer timer;?

??? GameCanvas gameScr;?

??? public static void main(String[] argus) {?

??????? ERS_Block ers = new ERS_Block(?

??????????????? "俄羅斯方塊游戲? V1.0?????????????????? Author:Vincent");?

??????? WindowListener win_listener = new WinListener();?

??????? ers.addWindowListener(win_listener);?

??? }?

??? // 俄羅斯方塊類的構造方法?

??? ERS_Block(String title) {?

???? ???super(title);?

??????? setSize(600, 480);?

??????? setLayout(new GridLayout(1, 2));?

??????? gameScr = new GameCanvas();?

??????? gameScr.addKeyListener(gameScr);?

??????? timer = new MyTimer(gameScr);?

??????? timer.setDaemon(true);?

??????? timer.start();?

??????? timer.suspend();?

??????? add(gameScr);?

??????? Panel rightScr = new Panel();?

??????? rightScr.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 1, 0, 30));?

??????? rightScr.setSize(120, 500);?

??????? add(rightScr);?

??????? // 右邊信息窗體的布局?

?? ?????MyPanel infoScr = new MyPanel();?

??????? infoScr.setLayout(new GridLayout(4, 1, 0, 5));?

??????? infoScr.setSize(120, 300);?

??????? rightScr.add(infoScr);?

??????? // 定義標簽和初始值?

??????? Label scorep = new Label("分數(shù):", Label.LEFT);?

??????? Label levelp = new Label("級數(shù):", Label.LEFT);?

??????? scoreField = new TextField(8);?

??????? levelField = new TextField(8);?

??????? scoreField.setEditable(false);?

??????? levelField.setEditable(false);?

??????? infoScr.add(scorep);?

??????? infoScr.add(scoreField);?

??????? infoScr.add(levelp);?

??????? infoScr.add(levelField);?

??????? scorep.setSize(new Dimension(20, 60));?

??????? scoreField.setSize(new Dimension(20, 60));?

??????? levelp.setSize(new Dimension(20, 60));?

??????? levelField.setSize(new Dimension(20, 60));?

??????? scoreField.setText("0");?

??????? levelField.setText("1");?

??????? // 右邊控制按鈕窗體的布局?

??????? MyPanel controlScr = new MyPanel();?

??????? controlScr.setLayout(new GridLayout(5, 1, 0, 5));?

??????? rightScr.add(controlScr);?

??????? // 定義按鈕play?

??????? Button play_b = new Button("開始游戲");?

??????? play_b.setSize(new Dimension(50, 200));?

??????? play_b.addActionListener(new Command(Command.button_play, gameScr));?

??????? // 定義按鈕Level UP?

??????? Button level_up_b = new Button("提高級數(shù)");?

??????? level_up_b.setSize(new Dimension(50, 200));?

??????? level_up_b.addActionListener(new Command(Command.button_levelup,?

??????????????? gameScr));?

??????? // 定義按鈕Level Down?

??????? Button level_down_b = new Button("降低級數(shù)");?

??????? level_down_b.setSize(new Dimension(50, 200));?

??????? level_down_b.addActionListener(new Command(Command.button_leveldown,?

??????????????? gameScr));?

??????? // 定義按鈕Level Pause?

??????? Button pause_b = new Button("游戲暫停");?

? ??????pause_b.setSize(new Dimension(50, 200));?

??????? pause_b.addActionListener(new Command(Command.button_pause, gameScr));?

??????? // 定義按鈕Quit?

??????? Button quit_b = new Button("退出游戲");?

??????? quit_b.setSize(new Dimension(50, 200));?

??????? quit_b.addActionListener(new Command(Command.button_quit, gameScr));?

??????? controlScr.add(play_b);?

??????? controlScr.add(level_up_b);?

??????? controlScr.add(level_down_b);?

??????? controlScr.add(pause_b);?

??????? controlScr.add(quit_b);?

??????? setVisible(true);?

??????? gameScr.requestFocus();?

??? }?

}?

// 重寫MyPanel類，使Panel的四周留空間?

class MyPanel extends Panel {?

??? public Insets getInsets() {?

??????? return new Insets(30, 50, 30, 50);?

??? }?

}?

// 游戲畫布類?

class GameCanvas extends Canvas implements KeyListener {?

??? final int unitSize = 30; // 小方塊邊長?

??? int rowNum; // 正方格的行數(shù)?

??? int columnNum; // 正方格的列數(shù)?

??? int maxAllowRowNum; // 允許有多少行未削?

??? int blockInitRow; // 新出現(xiàn)塊的起始行坐標?

??? int blockInitCol; // 新出現(xiàn)塊的起始列坐標?

?? ?int[][] scrArr; // 屏幕數(shù)組?

??? Block b; // 對方快的引用?

??? // 畫布類的構造方法?

??? GameCanvas() {?

??????? rowNum = 15;?

??????? columnNum = 10;?

??????? maxAllowRowNum = rowNum - 2;?

??????? b = new Block(this);?

??????? blockInitRow = rowNum - 1;?

??????? blockInitCol = columnNum / 2 - 2;?

??????? scrArr = new int[32][32];?

??? }?

??? // 初始化屏幕，并將屏幕數(shù)組清零的方法?

??? void initScr() {?

??????? for (int i = 0; i < rowNum; i++)?

??????????? for (int j = 0; j < columnNum; j++)?

??????????????? scrArr[i][j] = 0;?

??????? b.reset();?

??????? repaint();?

??? }?

??? // 重新刷新畫布方法?

??? public void paint(Graphics g) {?

??????? for (int i = 0; i < rowNum; i++)?

??????????? for (int j = 0; j < columnNum; j++)?

??????????????? drawUnit(i, j, scrArr[i][j]);?

??? } ?

??? // 畫方塊的方法?

??? public void drawUnit(int row, int col, int type) {?

??????? scrArr[row][col] = type;?

??????? Graphics g = getGraphics();?

??????? switch (type) { // 表示畫方快的方法?

??????? case 0:?

??????????? g.setColor(Color.black);?

??????????? break; // 以背景為顏色畫?

??????? case 1:?

??????????? g.setColor(Color.blue);?

??????????? break; // 畫正在下落的方塊?

??????? case 2:?

??????????? g.setColor(Color.magenta);?

??????????? break; // 畫已經(jīng)落下的方法?

??????? }?

??????? g.fill3DRect(col * unitSize, getSize().height - (row + 1) * unitSize,?

??????????????? unitSize, unitSize, true);?

??????? g.dispose();?

??? }?

??? public Block getBlock() {?

??????? return b; // 返回block實例的引用?

??? }?

??? // 返回屏幕數(shù)組中(row,col)位置的屬性值?

??? public int getScrArrXY(int row, int col) {?

??????? if (row < 0 || row >= rowNum || col < 0 || col >= columnNum)?

??????????? return (-1);?

??????? else?

??????????? return (scrArr[row][col]);?

??? }?

??? // 返回新塊的初始行坐標方法?

??? public int getInitRow() {?

??????? return (blockInitRow); // 返回新塊的初始行坐標?

??? }?

??? // 返回新塊的初始列坐標方法?

??? public int getInitCol() {?

??????? return (blockInitCol); // 返回新塊的初始列坐標?

??? }?

??? // 滿行刪除方法?

??? void deleteFullLine() {?

??????? int full_line_num = 0;?

??????? int k = 0;?

??????? for (int i = 0; i < rowNum; i++) {?

??????????? boolean isfull = true;?

??????????? L1: for (int j = 0; j < columnNum; j++)?

??????????????? if (scrArr[i][j] == 0) {?

??????????????????? k++;?

??????????????????? isfull = false;?

??????????????????? break L1; ?

??????????????? }?

??????????? if (isfull)?

??????????????? full_line_num++;?

??????????? if (k != 0 && k - 1 != i && !isfull)?

??????????????? for (int j = 0; j < columnNum; j++) {?

??????????????????? if (scrArr[i][j] == 0)?

???????????????????? ???drawUnit(k - 1, j, 0);?

??????????????????? else?

??????????????????????? drawUnit(k - 1, j, 2);?

??????????????????? scrArr[k - 1][j] = scrArr[i][j];?

??????????????? }?

??????? }?

??????? for (int i = k - 1; i < rowNum; i++) {?

??????????? for (int j = 0; j < columnNum; j++) {?

??????????????? drawUnit(i, j, 0);?

??????????????? scrArr[i][j] = 0;?

??????????? }?

??????? }?

??????? ERS_Block.score += full_line_num;?

??????? ERS_Block.scoreField.setText("" + ERS_Block.score);?

??? }?

??? // 判斷游戲是否結束方法?

??? boolean isGameEnd() {?

??????? for (int col = 0; col < columnNum; col++) {?

??????????? if (scrArr[maxAllowRowNum][col] != 0)?

??????????????? return true;?

??????? }?

??????? return false;?

??? }?

??? public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {?

??? }?

??? public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) {?

??? }?

??? // 處理鍵盤輸入的方法?

??? public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {?

??????? if (!ERS_Block.isPlay)?

??????????? return;?

??????? switch (e.getKeyCode()) {?

??????? case KeyEvent.VK_DOWN:?

??????????? b.fallDown();?

??????????? break;?

??????? case KeyEvent.VK_LEFT:?

??????????? b.leftMove();?

??????????? break;?

??????? case KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT:?

??????????? b.rightMove();?

??????????? break;?

??????? case KeyEvent.VK_SPACE:?

?? ?????????b.leftTurn();?

??????????? break;?

??????? }?

??? }?

}?

// 處理控制類?

class Command implements ActionListener {?

??? static final int button_play = 1; // 給按鈕分配編號?

??? static final int button_levelup = 2;?

??? static final int button_leveldown = 3;?

??? static final int button_quit = 4;?

??? static final int button_pause = 5;?

??? static boolean pause_resume = true;?

??? int curButton; // 當前按鈕?

??? GameCanvas scr;?

??? // 控制按鈕類的構造方法?

??? Command(int button, GameCanvas scr) {?

??????? curButton = button;?

??????? this.scr = scr;?

??? }?

??? // 按鈕執(zhí)行方法?

??? public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {?

??????? switch (curButton) {?

??????? case button_play:?

??????????? if (!ERS_Block.isPlay) {?

??????????????? scr.initScr();?

??? ????????????ERS_Block.isPlay = true;?

??????????????? ERS_Block.score = 0;?

??????????????? ERS_Block.scoreField.setText("0");?

??????????????? ERS_Block.timer.resume();?

??????????? }?

??????????? scr.requestFocus();?

??????????? break;?

??????? case button_levelup:?

??????????? if (ERS_Block.level < 10) {?

??????????????? ERS_Block.level++;?

??????????????? ERS_Block.levelField.setText("" + ERS_Block.level);?

??????????????? ERS_Block.score = 0;?

??????????????? ERS_Block.scoreField.setText("" + ERS_Block.score);?

??????????? }?

??????????? scr.requestFocus();?

??????????? break;?

??????? case button_leveldown:?

??????????? if (ERS_Block.level > 1) {?

??????????????? ERS_Block.level--;?

??????????????? ERS_Block.levelField.setText("" + ERS_Block.level);?

??????????????? ERS_Block.score = 0;?

??????????????? ERS_Block.scoreField.setText("" + ERS_Block.score);?

??????????? }?

??????????? scr.requestFocus();?

??????????? break;?

??????? case button_pause:?

??????????? if (pause_resume) {?

??????????????? ERS_Block.timer.suspend();?

??????????????? pause_resume = false;?

??????????? } else {?

??????????????? ERS_Block.timer.resume();?

??????????????? pause_resume = true;?

??????????? }?

??????????? scr.requestFocus();?

??????????? break;?

??????? case button_quit:?

??????????? System.exit(0);?

??????? }?

??? }?

}?

// 方塊類?

class Block {?

??? static int[][] pattern = {?

??????????? { 0x0f00, 0x4444, 0x0f00, 0x4444 },// 用十六進至表示，本行表示長條四種狀態(tài)?

??????????? { 0x04e0, 0x0464, 0x00e4, 0x04c4 },?

??????????? { 0x4620, 0x6c00, 0x4620, 0x6c00 },?

??????????? { 0x2640, 0xc600, 0x2640, 0xc600 },?

??????????? { 0x6220, 0x1700, 0x2230, 0x0740 },?

??????????? { 0x6440, 0x0e20, 0x44c0, 0x8e00 },?

??????????? { 0x0660, 0x0660, 0x0660, 0x0660 } };?

??? int blockType; // 塊的模式號（0-6）?

??? int turnState; // 塊的翻轉狀態(tài)（0-3）?

??? int blockState; // 快的下落狀態(tài)?

??? int row, col; // 塊在畫布上的坐標?

??? GameCanvas scr;?

??? // 塊類的構造方法?

??? Block(GameCanvas scr) {?

??????? this.scr = scr;?

??? ????blockType = (int) (Math.random() * 1000) % 7;?

??????? turnState = (int) (Math.random() * 1000) % 4;?

??????? blockState = 1;?

??????? row = scr.getInitRow();?

??????? col = scr.getInitCol();?

??? }?

??? // 重新初始化塊，并顯示新塊?

??? public void reset() {?

??????? blockType = (int) (Math.random() * 1000) % 7;?

??????? turnState = (int) (Math.random() * 1000) % 4;?

??????? blockState = 1;?

??????? row = scr.getInitRow();?

??????? col = scr.getInitCol();?

??????? dispBlock(1);?

??? }?

??? // 實現(xiàn)“塊”翻轉的方法?

??? public void leftTurn() {?

??????? if (assertValid(blockType, (turnState + 1) % 4, row, col)) {?

??????????? dispBlock(0);?

??????????? turnState = (turnState + 1) % 4;?

??????????? dispBlock(1);?

??????? }?

??? }?

??? // 實現(xiàn)“塊”的左移的方法?

??? public void leftMove() {?

??????? if (assertValid(blockType, turnState, row, col - 1)) {?

??????????? dispBlock(0);?

??????????? col--;?

??????????? dispBlock(1);?

??????? }?

??? }?

??? // 實現(xiàn)塊的右移?

??? public void rightMove() {?

???? ???if (assertValid(blockType, turnState, row, col + 1)) {?

??????????? dispBlock(0);?

??????????? col++;?

??????????? dispBlock(1);?

??????? }?

??? }?

??? // 實現(xiàn)塊落下的操作的方法?

??? public boolean fallDown() {?

??????? if (blockState == 2)?

??????????? return (false);?

??????? if (assertValid(blockType, turnState, row - 1, col)) {?

??????????? dispBlock(0);?

??????????? row--;?

??????????? dispBlock(1);?

??????????? return (true);?

??????? } else {?

??????????? blockState = 2;?

??????????? dispBlock(2);?

??????????? return (false);?

??????? }?

??? }?

??? // 判斷是否正確的方法?

??? boolean assertValid(int t, int s, int row, int col) {?

??????? int k = 0x8000;?

??????? for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {?

??????????? for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {?

?????? ?????????if ((int) (pattern[t][s] & k) != 0) {?

??????????????????? int temp = scr.getScrArrXY(row - i, col + j);?

??????????????????? if (temp < 0 || temp == 2)?

??????????????????????? return false;?

??????????????? }?

??????????????? k = k >> 1;?

??????????? }?

??????? }?

??????? return true;?

??? }?

??? // 同步顯示的方法?

??? public synchronized void dispBlock(int s) {?

??????? int k = 0x8000;?

??????? for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {?

??????????? for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {?

??????????????? if (((int) pattern[blockType][turnState] & k) != 0) {?

??????????????????? scr.drawUnit(row - i, col + j, s);?

??????????????? }?

??????????????? k = k >> 1;?

??????????? }?

??????? }?

??? }?

}?

// 定時線程?

class MyTimer extends Thread {?

??? GameCanvas scr;?

??? public MyTimer(GameCanvas scr) {?

??????? this.scr = scr;?

??? }?

??? public void run() {?

??????? while (true) {?

??????????? try {?

??????????????? sleep((10 - ERS_Block.level + 1) * 100);?

??????????? } catch (InterruptedException e) {?

??????????? }?

??????????? if (!scr.getBlock().fallDown()) {?

??????????????? scr.deleteFullLine();?

??????????????? if (scr.isGameEnd()) {?

??????????????????? ERS_Block.isPlay = false;?

??????????????????? suspend();?

??????????????? } else?

??????????????????? scr.getBlock().reset();?

??????????? }?

??????? }?

??? }?

}?

class WinListener extends WindowAdapter {?

??? public void windowClosing(WindowEvent l) {?

??????? System.exit(0);?

??? }?

}

?

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6.實驗感悟

本次實驗，我們沒有進入實驗樓完成，自己在電腦上自主做實驗，在游戲設計的時候并不是一帆風順，有許多問題都咨詢了學長與同學。

在實驗中我們也有查閱網(wǎng)上有關的游戲資料，增長了許多知識與見識，對我的程序設計有很大的幫助。

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轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/yg137565645/p/4567753.html

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