In Complexity theory, some functions are nearly O(1)O(1), but it is greater then O(1)O(1). For example, the complexity of a typical disjoint set is O(nα(n))O(*n**α(n)). Here α(n)α(n) is Inverse Ackermann Function, which growth speed is very slow. So in practical application, we often assume α(n) \le 4α(n*)≤4.

However O(α(n))O(α(n)) is greater than O(1)O(1), that means if nn is large enough, α(n)α(n) can greater than any constant value.

Now your task is let another slowly function loglog? xx* reach a constant value bb. Here loglog? is iterated logarithm function, it means “the number of times the logarithm function iteratively applied on xx* before the result is less than logarithm base aa”.

Formally, consider a iterated logarithm function log_{a}^loga*?

Find the minimum positive integer argument xx, let log_{a}^* (x) \ge b*log**a?(x)≥b. The answer may be very large, so just print the result xx* after mod mm.

Input

The first line of the input is a single integer T(T\le 300)T(T≤300) indicating the number of test cases.

Each of the following lines contains 33 integers aa , bb and mm.

1 \le a \le 10000001≤a≤1000000

0 \le b \le 10000000≤b≤1000000

1 \le m \le 10000001≤m≤1000000

Note that if a==1, we consider the minimum number x is 1.

Output

For each test case, output xx mod mm in a single line.

Hint

In the 4-th4?*t**h* query, a=3a=3 and b=2b=2. Then log_{3}^* (27) = 1+ log_{3}^* (3) = 2 + log_{3}^* (1)=3+(-1)=2 \ge blog3?(27)=1+log3?(3)=2+log3?(1)=3+(?1)=2≥b, so the output is 2727 mod 16 = 1116=11.

樣例輸入復(fù)制

5 2 0 3 3 1 2 3 1 100 3 2 16 5 3 233

樣例輸出復(fù)制

1 1 3 11 223

本題為 CF-906D 題目的更改版，請(qǐng)進(jìn)我這篇博客學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)應(yīng)題目：

https://www.cnblogs.com/qieqiemin/p/11478970.html

　本題只需要改一下讀入，加一個(gè)對(duì)冪次為０的特判即可通過。

#include <iostream> #include <cstdio> #include <cstring> #include <algorithm> #include <cmath> #include <queue> #include <stack> #include <map> #include <set> #include <vector> #include <iomanip> #define ALL(x) (x).begin(), (x).end() #define sz(a) int(a.size()) #define all(a) a.begin(), a.end() #define rep(i,x,n) for(int i=x;i<n;i++) #define repd(i,x,n) for(int i=x;i<=n;i++) #define pii pair<int,int> #define pll pair<long long ,long long> #define gbtb ios::sync_with_stdio(false),cin.tie(0),cout.tie(0) #define MS0(X) memset((X), 0, sizeof((X))) #define MSC0(X) memset((X), '\0', sizeof((X))) #define pb push_back #define mp make_pair #define fi first #define se second #define eps 1e-6 #define gg(x) getInt(&x) #define chu(x) cout<<"["<<#x<<" "<<(x)<<"]"<<endl using namespace std; typedef long long ll; ll gcd(ll a, ll b) {return b ? gcd(b, a % b) : a;} ll lcm(ll a, ll b) {return a / gcd(a, b) * b;} inline void getInt(int* p); const int maxn = 1000010; const int inf = 0x3f3f3f3f; /*** TEMPLATE CODE * * STARTS HERE ***/ ll mod(ll x, ll m) {return x >= m ? x % m + m : x; } ll powmod(ll a, ll b, ll MOD) {ll ans = 1;while (b){if (b % 2)ans = mod(ans * a, MOD);// ans = ans * a % MOD;// a = a * a % MOD;a = mod(a * a, MOD);b /= 2;}return ans; }ll m; int n; int q; ll a; map<ll, ll> vis; ll euler(ll n) { //log(n)時(shí)間內(nèi)求一個(gè)數(shù)的歐拉值if (vis.count(n)){return vis[n];}ll ans = n;for (ll i = 2; i * i <= n; i++) {if (n % i == 0){ans -= ans / i;while (n % i == 0) n /= i;}}if (n > 1) ans -= ans / n;vis[n] = ans;return ans; }ll solve(int l, int r, ll m) {if (l == r || m == 1)return mod(a, m);return powmod(a, solve(l + 1, r, euler(m)), m); } int main() {//freopen("D:\\common_text\\code_stream\\in.txt","r",stdin);//freopen("D:\\common_text\\code_stream\\out.txt","w",stdout);scanf("%d", &q);int l, r;while (q--){scanf("%d %d %lld", &a, &r, &m);if (r == 0){printf("%lld\n", 1 % m );continue;}printf("%lld\n", solve(1, r, m) % m);}return 0; }inline void getInt(int* p) {char ch;do {ch = getchar();} while (ch == ' ' || ch == '\n');if (ch == '-') {*p = -(getchar() - '0');while ((ch = getchar()) >= '0' && ch <= '9') {*p = *p * 10 - ch + '0';}}else {*p = ch - '0';while ((ch = getchar()) >= '0' && ch <= '9') {*p = *p * 10 + ch - '0';}} }

轉(zhuǎn)載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/qieqiemin/p/11478985.html

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