linux git指令不存在,一些常用的Git命令
整理了非常由于的Git一些常用命令，Git是目前世界上最先進(jìn)的分布式版本控制系統(tǒng)。由于它就沒有中央服務(wù)器的，每個(gè)人的電腦就是一個(gè)完整的版本庫，這樣，工作的時(shí)候就不需要聯(lián)網(wǎng)了，因?yàn)榘姹径际窃谧约旱碾娔X上。既然每個(gè)人的電腦都有一個(gè)完整的版本庫，那多個(gè)人如何協(xié)作呢？比如說自己在電腦上改了文件A，其他人也在電腦上改了文件A，這時(shí)，你們兩之間只需把各自的修改推送給對(duì)方，就可以互相看到對(duì)方的修改了。
1、init,創(chuàng)建一個(gè)git倉庫
[root@linuxidc git]# cd /usr/local/
[root@linuxidc local]# mkdir github
[root@linuxidc local]# cd github
[root@linuxidc git]# git init
Initialized empty Git repository in /usr/local/github/.git/
[root@linuxidc git]# ls -a
.? ..? .git
2、status，檢查狀態(tài)
[root@linuxidc git]# touch code1.py
[root@linuxidc git]# git status
# On branch master
# Untracked files:
#? (use "git add ..." to include in what will be committed)
#
#? code1.py
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
3、add,文件添加到索引，也就是接受版本控制
[root@linuxidc git]# git add code1.py
[root@linuxidc git]# git status
# On branch master
# Changes to be committed:
#? (use "git reset HEAD ..." to unstage)
#
#? new file:? code1.py
#
4、commit,提交
[root@linuxidc git]# git commit -m "New add code1.py" #第一次會(huì)提示我們輸入信息，名字與郵件
[master 7894d32] New add code1.py
Committer: root
Your name and email address were configured automatically based
on your username and hostname. Please check that they are accurate.
You can suppress this message by setting them explicitly:
git config --global user.name "Your Name"
git config --global user.email you@example.com
If the identity used for this commit is wrong, you can fix it with:
git commit --amend --author='Your Name '
0 files changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 code1.py
[root@linuxidc git]# git config --global user.name sunshine? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #名字
[root@linuxidc git]# git config --global user.email sunshine@git.com? ? ? #郵件地址
[root@linuxidc git]# git config --global color.ui? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #auto顯示顏色
5、branc 創(chuàng)建、查看、刪除分支
[root@linuxidc git]# git branch
* master
[root@linuxidc git]# git branch dev
[root@linuxidc git]# git branch
dev
* master
[root@linuxidc git]# git branch -d dev
Deleted branch dev (was 7894d32).
[root@linuxidc git]# git branch
* master
#刪除分支會(huì)有另外一種詭異的現(xiàn)象發(fā)生
[root@linuxidc git]# git checkout -b dev1? ? ? ? #創(chuàng)建并切換dev1分支
Switched to a new branch 'dev1'
[root@linuxidc git]# cat code.py
[root@linuxidc git]# echo "print 'Sunshine Good~'" > code.py? #輸出內(nèi)容至code.py
[root@linuxidc git]# cat code.py
print 'Sunshine Good~'
[root@linuxidc git]# git add code.py
[root@linuxidc git]# git commit -m "New add rom 'Sunshine Good~'"
[dev1 865c84e] New add rom 'Sunshine Good~'
1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
[root@linuxidc git]# git checkout master? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #切換至master
Switched to branch 'master'
[root@linuxidc git]# cat code.py? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #查看mastercode.py，沒有內(nèi)容
[root@linuxidc git]# git branch -d dev1? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #刪除分支dev1報(bào)錯(cuò)，倆中方法，第一dev1確實(shí)不是我需要的，那么小d換成大D即可，第二個(gè)就下面步驟
error: The branch 'dev1' is not fully merged.
If you are sure you want to delete it, run 'git branch -D dev1'.
[root@linuxidc git]# git merge dev1? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #合并分支dev1至master
Updating bf266f5..865c84e
Fast-forward
code.py |? ? 1 +
1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
[root@linuxidc git]# cat code.py
print 'Sunshine Good~'
[root@linuxidc git]# git branch -d dev1? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #使用小d刪除分支dev1，刪除成功
Deleted branch dev1 (was 865c84e).
[root@linuxidc git]#
6、checkout 切換 創(chuàng)建分支
[root@linuxidc git]# git checkout -b dev
Switched to a new branch 'dev'
[root@linuxidc git]# git branch
* dev
master
[root@linuxidc git]# git checkout master
Switched to branch 'master'
[root@linuxidc git]# git branch
dev
* master
7、clone 克隆一個(gè)repository 信息在本地目錄，哪自己之前做好的gitolite
[root@Redis_master ~]# git clone git@127.0.0.1:dev
Initialized empty Git repository in /root/dev/.git/
remote: Counting objects: 9, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done.
remote: Total 9 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
Receiving objects: 100% (9/9), done.
[root@redis_master ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg? appendonly.aof? dev? id_rsa.pub? install.log? install.log.syslog
[root@redis_master ~]# cd dev/
[root@redis_master dev]# ls
test.txt
8、diff 對(duì)比文件
[root@linuxidc git]# ls
code1.py? code.py
[root@linuxidc git]# git status
# On branch master
nothing to commit (working directory clean)
[root@linuxidc git]# vim code1.py
[root@linuxidc git]# git diff? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #這里是對(duì)比暫存區(qū)與工作區(qū)對(duì)比
diff --git a/code1.py b/code1.py
index e69de29..66708be 100644
--- a/code1.py
+++ b/code1.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+print 'Sunshine Good!'
[root@linuxidc git]# git diff --staged? ? ? ? ? ? #這里是暫存區(qū)對(duì)比staged也就是我們commit的staged區(qū)
[root@linuxidc git]# git add code1.py? ? ? ? ? ? #添加到暫存區(qū)
[root@linuxidc git]# git diff? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #工作區(qū)對(duì)比暫存區(qū)
[root@linuxidc git]# git diff --staged? ? ? ? ? ? #暫存區(qū)對(duì)比commit的staged
diff --git a/code1.py b/code1.py
index e69de29..66708be 100644
--- a/code1.py
+++ b/code1.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+print 'Sunshine Good!'
[root@linuxidc git]# git commit -m "code1.py New add row Sunshine Good"? ? #提交
[master bf266f5] code1.py New add row Sunshine Good
1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
[root@linuxidc git]# git diff --staged? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #對(duì)比暫存區(qū)以staged區(qū)
[root@linuxidc git]# git diff? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #對(duì)比工作區(qū)對(duì)比暫存區(qū)
9、log 就是日志咯，不過這里顯示的可能比較詭異
[root@linuxidc git]# git log? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #詳細(xì)顯示
commit bf266f5673089439efdd632a38b7220390af5cc7
Author: sunshine
Date:? Wed Oct 5 23:34:03 2016 +0800
code1.py New add row Sunshine Good
commit 7894d320ac92997fdb4d0c74487d87def3ebf756
Author: root
Date:? Wed Oct 5 23:20:29 2016 +0800
New add code1.py
commit b4213472064fbc292eff843b6a67549344197495
Author: root
Date:? Wed Oct 5 21:45:23 2016 +0800
New add code.py
[root@linuxidc git]# git log --oneline? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #簡(jiǎn)要顯示
bf266f5 code1.py New add row Sunshine Good
7894d32 New add code1.py
b421347 New add code.py
[root@linuxidc git]# git log --color --graph? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #顯示版本分支示意圖
* commit bf266f5673089439efdd632a38b7220390af5cc7
| Author: sunshine
| Date:? Wed Oct 5 23:34:03 2016 +0800
|
|? ? code1.py New add row Sunshine Good
|
* commit 7894d320ac92997fdb4d0c74487d87def3ebf756
| Author: root
| Date:? Wed Oct 5 23:20:29 2016 +0800
|
|? ? New add code1.py
|
* commit b4213472064fbc292eff843b6a67549344197495
Author: root
Date:? Wed Oct 5 21:45:23 2016 +0800
New add code.py
10、merge 合并分支
[root@linuxidc git]# ls
code1.py? code.py
[root@linuxidc git]# git checkout -b dev? ? ? ? #創(chuàng)建并切換至分支dev
Switched to a new branch 'dev'
[root@linuxidc git]# git branch? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #查看當(dāng)前位置所在分支
* dev
master
[root@linuxidc git]# vim code.py
[root@linuxidc git]# cat code.py
print 'Sunsine !'
[root@linuxidc git]# git checkout master? ? ? ? #切換回master
M? code.py
Switched to branch 'master'
[root@linuxidc git]# git merge dev? ? ? ? ? ? ? #合并分支dev
Already up-to-date.
[root@linuxidc git]# cat code.py
print 'Sunsine !'
[root@linuxidc git]# git branch -d dev? ? ? ? ? #刪除分支
Deleted branch dev (was bf266f5)
11、mv 重命名
[root@linuxidc git]# ls
code1.py? code.py
[root@linuxidc git]# git mv code1.py code.txt? ? ? ? #重命名code1.py-->code.txt
[root@linuxidc git]# ls
code.py? code.txt
[root@linuxidc git]# git status? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #查看狀態(tài)，顯示 #? renamed:? ? code1.py -> code.txt
# On branch master
# Changes to be committed:
#? (use "git reset HEAD ..." to unstage)
#
#? renamed:? ? code1.py -> code.txt
#
[root@linuxidc git]# git add code.txt
[root@linuxidc git]# git commit -m " Modify file name code1.py-->code.txt"
[master 924041d]? Modify file name code1.py-->code.txt
1 files changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
rename code1.py => code.txt (100%)
12、rm 刪除
[root@linuxidc git]# ll
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 23 Oct? 5 23:53 code.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 23 Oct? 5 23:32 code.txt
[root@linuxidc git]# git rm code.txt? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #刪除code.txt
rm 'code.txt'
[root@linuxidc git]# ll
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 23 Oct? 5 23:53 code.py
[root@linuxidc git]# git commit -am " Delete file code.txt"
[master 82ec99e]? Delete file code.txt
1 files changed, 0 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
delete mode 100644 code.txt
13、show等價(jià)于rev-parse,只不過一個(gè)是簡(jiǎn)要一個(gè)是明細(xì)
[root@linuxidc git]# git show HEAD~? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #看hash值
commit 924041d5e2924e945f67816775869d4ceb9694dd
Author: sunshine
Date:? Wed Oct 5 23:57:25 2016 +0800
Modify file name code1.py-->code.txt
diff --git a/code.txt b/code.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66708be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/code.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+print 'Sunshine Good!'
diff --git a/code1.py b/code1.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 66708be..0000000
--- a/code1.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-print 'Sunshine Good!'
[root@linuxidc git]# git rev-parse HEAD~? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #仔細(xì)看hash值是一樣的
924041d5e2924e945f67816775869d4ceb9694dd
14、cat-file 查看tree與parent
[root@linuxidc git]# git cat-file -t HEAD~? ? ? ? ? ? #-t 顯示commit
commit
[root@linuxidc git]# git cat-file -p HEAD~? ? ? ? ? ? #-p 顯示tree與parent
tree ea16f4c3781c4dc1f5e142eba114b0d5a1cefeaa
parent 865c84e5f13fb239f83e3e27bcf0f3a28990034e
author sunshine 1475683045 +0800
committer sunshine 1475683045 +0800
Modify file name code1.py-->code.txt
15、reset 這個(gè)就比較復(fù)雜啦
[root@linuxidc git]# ll
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 23 Oct? 6 00:17 code.py
[root@linuxidc git]# git log --oneline? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #查看歷史commit版本hash值82ec99e
82ec99e? Delete file code.txt
924041d? Modify file name code1.py-->code.txt
865c84e New add rom 'Sunshine Good~'
bf266f5 code1.py New add row Sunshine Good
7894d32 New add code1.py
b421347 New add code.py
[root@linuxidc git]# ll
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 23 Oct? 6 00:17 code.py
[root@linuxidc git]# git rm code.py? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #刪除文件code.py
rm 'code.py'
[root@linuxidc git]# git commit -am "Delete file code.py"? #commit -am等價(jià)于執(zhí)行 #git add filename # git commit -m "Delete fie code.py",提示刪除成功
[master 3271a1d] Delete file code.py
1 files changed, 0 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
delete mode 100644 code.py
[root@linuxidc git]# ll? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #查看不存在
total 0
[root@linuxidc git]# git status? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #也沒報(bào)錯(cuò)
# On branch master
nothing to commit (working directory clean)
[root@linuxidc git]# git log --oneline? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #查看commit版本hash值
3271a1d Delete file code.py
82ec99e? Delete file code.txt
924041d? Modify file name code1.py-->code.txt
865c84e New add rom 'Sunshine Good~'
bf266f5 code1.py New add row Sunshine Good
7894d32 New add code1.py
b421347 New add code.py
[root@linuxidc git]# git reset --hard 82ec99e? ? ? ? ? ? ? #回滾到上個(gè)版本
HEAD is now at 82ec99e? Delete file code.txt
[root@linuxidc git]# ll? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #OK文件回來了
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 23 Oct? 6 00:18 code.py
[root@linuxidc git]# git log --oneline? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #回滾成功
82ec99e? Delete file code.txt
924041d? Modify file name code1.py-->code.txt
865c84e New add rom 'Sunshine Good~'
bf266f5 code1.py New add row Sunshine Good
7894d32 New add code1.py
b421347 New add code.py
16、tag 標(biāo)簽，由于commit都是以hash記錄，所以tag是為快速定義而準(zhǔn)備的
[root@linuxidc git]# git log --oneline? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #查看commit版本的hash
2989e89 New add rom Sunshine
bf266f5 code1.py New add row Sunshine Good
7894d32 New add code1.py
b421347 New add code.py
[root@linuxidc git]# git tag v0.1.2 2989e89? ? ? ? ? ? ? #為hash值2989e89打上標(biāo)簽v0.1.2
[root@linuxidc git]# git tag v0.1.3 bf266f5? ? ? ? ? ? ? #為hash值bf266f5打上標(biāo)簽v0.1.3
[root@linuxidc git]# git tag
v0.1.1
v0.1.2
v0.1.3
[root@linuxidc git]# git tag v0.1.4? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #修改代碼或者增加功能都可以直接給上tag
[root@linuxidc git]# git show 2989e89? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #使用hash查找
commit 2989e8927da83be9087933c17b074adeb2e91e2c
Author: sunshine
Date:? Wed Oct 5 23:49:07 2016 +0800
New add rom Sunshine
diff --git a/code.py b/code.py
index e69de29..3a2a051 100644
--- a/code.py
+++ b/code.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+print 'Sunsine !'
[root@linuxidc git]# git show v0.1.2? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #使用標(biāo)簽查找
commit 2989e8927da83be9087933c17b074adeb2e91e2c
Author: sunshine
Date:? Wed Oct 5 23:49:07 2016 +0800
New add rom Sunshine
diff --git a/code.py b/code.py
index e69de29..3a2a051 100644
--- a/code.py
+++ b/code.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+print 'Sunsine !'
[root@linuxidc git]# git tag -d v0.1.1? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #刪除標(biāo)簽
Deleted tag 'v0.1.1' (was 2989e89)
[root@linuxidc git]# git tag
v0.1.2
v0.1.3
17、pull 獲取，這個(gè)用到我們之前搭建的gitolite
[root@redis_master dev]# git pull origin master? ? ? ? ? ? #沒發(fā)現(xiàn)有人push，所以拉不到信息
From 127.0.0.1:dev
* branch? ? ? ? ? ? master? ? -> FETCH_HEAD
Already up-to-date.
[root@redis_master dev]# git push -f? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #為了測(cè)試這邊使用-f強(qiáng)制覆蓋更新
Counting objects: 32, done.
Delta compression using up to 4 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (19/19), done.
Writing objects: 100% (32/32), 2.94 KiB, done.
Total 32 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
To git@127.0.0.1:dev
+ 4197bf0...addfd8f master -> master (forced update)
[root@redis_master dev]# git pull? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #再試一下git pull
remote: Counting objects: 24, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (16/16), done.
remote: Total 23 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
Unpacking objects: 100% (23/23), done.
From 127.0.0.1:dev
+ 4197bf0...addfd8f master? ? -> origin/master? (forced update)
Merge made by recursive.
855.py? ? |? ? 4 ++++
class.php |? ? 1 +
2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 855.py
create mode 100644 class.php
[root@redis_master dev]# ll? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #拉取到代碼了
total 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 45 Oct? 6 01:03 855.py
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root? 4 Oct? 6 01:03 class.php
18、push 推送，這個(gè)用到我們之前搭建的gitolite
12345678910111213141516 [root@redis_master dev]# git status? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #查看狀態(tài)
# On branch master
nothing to commit (working directory clean)
[root@redis_master dev]# cat test.txt
this is test file
555
[root@redis_master dev]# echo 44 >> test.txt? ? ? #修改內(nèi)容
[root@redis_master dev]# git commit -am "New add string 44"? ? #commit并說明
[master 4197bf0] New add string 44
1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
[root@redis_master dev]# git push? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? #推送至我們的遠(yuǎn)程代碼托管
Counting objects: 5, done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 262 bytes, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
To git@127.0.0.1:dev
8a54bbe..4197bf0? master -> master
CentOS 6.7下Gitolite 服務(wù)搭建及TortoiseGit配置連接 見 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-07/145766.htm。其實(shí)這里只是簡(jiǎn)簡(jiǎn)單單的介紹了下命令的正常場(chǎng)景所遇見的問題！~更深層次的下次介紹唄^-^,
更多 Git 教程系列文章：
Git 的詳細(xì)介紹：請(qǐng)點(diǎn)這里
Git 的下載地址：請(qǐng)點(diǎn)這里
總結(jié)
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