其實每次爬東西的時候，特怕IP被封，所以每次都要把時間延遲設置得長一點...這次用Python搭建一個簡單的代理池。獲取代理IP，然后驗證其有效性。不過結果好像不是很理想，為什么西刺代理的高匿代理都能用？？？不是說免費代理不好使嗎？真的是黑人問號臉...

NO.1 代理獲取

01 網頁分析

通過點擊西刺代理國內高匿代理，得到網頁信息。

獲取IP地址、端口、是否匿名、類型、速度。

02 獲取代理信息

這里記得一定要設置隨機選取headers以及睡眠時間，因為我就沒有設置，然后就被封了...

import time

import requests

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

headers = {

'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36'

}

for i in range(1, 36):

time.sleep(2)

print('第' + str(i) + '頁')

url = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/' + str(i)

response = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers)

soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')

all_trs = soup.find_all('tr')

for tr in all_trs[1:]:

all_tds = tr.find_all('td')

ip = all_tds[1].get_text()

port = all_tds[2].get_text()

anonymous = all_tds[4].get_text()

type = all_tds[5].get_text()

for j in all_tds[6].find_all("div", attrs={"class": "bar"}):

speed = j.get('title')

with open('ip.csv', 'a+', encoding='utf-8-sig') as f:

f.write(ip + ',' + port + ',' + anonymous + ',' + type + ',' + speed + '\n')

隨機獲取用戶代理的代碼，上面是沒加下面這個函數的(結果就是被封，不過第二天又能用啦)def get_user_agent():

'''

隨機獲取一個用戶代理

'''

user_agents=[

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; AcooBrowser; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; Acoo Browser; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 5.0; .NET CLR 3.0.04506)",

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; AOL 9.5; AOLBuild 4337.35; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US)",

"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 6.0)",

"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)",

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0b; Windows NT 5.2; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30)",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN) AppleWebKit/523.15 (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.3 (Change: 287 c9dfb30)",

"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux; en-US) AppleWebKit/527+ (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.6",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.2pre) Gecko/20070215 K-Ninja/2.1.1",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9) Gecko/20080705 Firefox/3.0 Kapiko/3.0",

"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; U;) Gecko/20070322 Kazehakase/0.4.5",

"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.0.8) Gecko Fedora/1.9.0.8-1.fc10 Kazehakase/0.5.6",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/535.20 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1036.7 Safari/535.20",

"Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; fr) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.52",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.11 TaoBrowser/2.0 Safari/536.11",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.71 Safari/537.1 LBBROWSER",

"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)",

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.84 Safari/535.11 LBBROWSER",

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",

"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; QQBrowser/7.0.3698.400)",

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; 360SE)",

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",

"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.89 Safari/537.1",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.89 Safari/537.1",

"Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; U; CPU OS 4_2_1 like Mac OS X; zh-cn) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8C148 Safari/6533.18.5",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:2.0b13pre) Gecko/20110307 Firefox/4.0b13pre",

"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:16.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/16.0",

"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1271.64 Safari/537.11",

"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux x86_64; zh-CN; rv:1.9.2.10) Gecko/20100922 Ubuntu/10.10 (maverick) Firefox/3.6.10"

]

# random.choice返回列表的隨機項

user_agent = random.choice(user_agents)

return user_agent

# random.randint產生隨機整數

time.sleep(2 + float(random.randint(1, 100)) / 20)

NO.2代理驗證

通過驗證發現大部分都能用，不知道真的假的。

網址用的之前識別驗證碼的那個網站，如云閣小說網。

200個只有2個無效，不科學~import pandas as pd

import numpy as np

import requests

import time

df = pd.read_csv('ip.csv', header=None, names=["ip", "port", "anonymous", "proxy_type", "speed"])

proxy_types = ["{}".format(i) for i in np.array(df['proxy_type'])]

ips = ["{}".format(i) for i in np.array(df['ip'])]

ports = ["{}".format(i) for i in np.array(df['port'])]

proxy_url = ['{0}://{1}:{2}'.format(proxy_types[i], ips[i], ports[i]) for i in range(len(ips))]

proxy_type = ['{}'.format(i) for i in proxy_types]

for i in range(200):

time.sleep(1)

proxies = {

proxy_type[i]: proxy_url[i]

}

try:

response = requests.get('http://www.quanben9.com/', proxies=proxies)

except Exception as e:

print('invalid ip and port')

else:

code = response.status_code

if code == 200:

print('effective ip')

with open('effective_ip.csv', 'a+', encoding='utf-8-sig') as f:

f.write(proxy_type[i] + ',' + proxy_url[i] + '\n')

else:

print('invalid ip and port')

NO.3小結

IP協議：網際協議，作用是把各種數據包傳送給對方(兩個重要的條件，IP地址和MAC地址)。

IP地址：指明了節點被分配到的地址。

端口：端口是通過端口號來標記的，端口號只有整數，范圍是從0到65535。一個IP地址的端口有65536個，「IP地址+端口號」區分不同的服務(Web、FTP、SMTP)。

HTTP：超文本傳輸協議，完成從客戶端到服務器端等一系列運作流程。

HTTPS：添加了加密及認證機制的HTTP。

老實說，之前我對IP地址、端口、HTTP、HTTPS，是一點不了解的。

最近在看圖解HTTP，算是對它們有所了解，但是還只是那么一點點，任重而道遠。

不過羅馬非一日之功，有進步就是好事！

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