python代理池_用Python搭建一个简单的代理池
其實(shí)每次爬東西的時(shí)候，特怕IP被封，所以每次都要把時(shí)間延遲設(shè)置得長(zhǎng)一點(diǎn)...這次用Python搭建一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的代理池。獲取代理IP，然后驗(yàn)證其有效性。不過(guò)結(jié)果好像不是很理想，為什么西刺代理的高匿代理都能用？？？不是說(shuō)免費(fèi)代理不好使嗎？真的是黑人問(wèn)號(hào)臉...
NO.1 代理獲取
01 網(wǎng)頁(yè)分析
通過(guò)點(diǎn)擊西刺代理國(guó)內(nèi)高匿代理，得到網(wǎng)頁(yè)信息。
獲取IP地址、端口、是否匿名、類(lèi)型、速度。
02 獲取代理信息
這里記得一定要設(shè)置隨機(jī)選取headers以及睡眠時(shí)間，因?yàn)槲揖蜎](méi)有設(shè)置，然后就被封了...
import time
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
headers = {
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36'
}
for i in range(1, 36):
time.sleep(2)
print('第' + str(i) + '頁(yè)')
url = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/' + str(i)
response = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers)
soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')
all_trs = soup.find_all('tr')
for tr in all_trs[1:]:
all_tds = tr.find_all('td')
ip = all_tds[1].get_text()
port = all_tds[2].get_text()
anonymous = all_tds[4].get_text()
type = all_tds[5].get_text()
for j in all_tds[6].find_all("div", attrs={"class": "bar"}):
speed = j.get('title')
with open('ip.csv', 'a+', encoding='utf-8-sig') as f:
f.write(ip + ',' + port + ',' + anonymous + ',' + type + ',' + speed + '\n')
隨機(jī)獲取用戶代理的代碼，上面是沒(méi)加下面這個(gè)函數(shù)的(結(jié)果就是被封，不過(guò)第二天又能用啦)def get_user_agent():
'''
隨機(jī)獲取一個(gè)用戶代理
'''
user_agents=[
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; AcooBrowser; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; Acoo Browser; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 5.0; .NET CLR 3.0.04506)",
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; AOL 9.5; AOLBuild 4337.35; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US)",
"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 6.0)",
"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)",
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0b; Windows NT 5.2; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30)",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN) AppleWebKit/523.15 (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.3 (Change: 287 c9dfb30)",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux; en-US) AppleWebKit/527+ (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.6",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.2pre) Gecko/20070215 K-Ninja/2.1.1",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9) Gecko/20080705 Firefox/3.0 Kapiko/3.0",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; U;) Gecko/20070322 Kazehakase/0.4.5",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.0.8) Gecko Fedora/1.9.0.8-1.fc10 Kazehakase/0.5.6",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/535.20 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1036.7 Safari/535.20",
"Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; fr) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.52",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.11 TaoBrowser/2.0 Safari/536.11",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.71 Safari/537.1 LBBROWSER",
"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)",
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.84 Safari/535.11 LBBROWSER",
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
"Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; QQBrowser/7.0.3698.400)",
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; 360SE)",
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.89 Safari/537.1",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.89 Safari/537.1",
"Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; U; CPU OS 4_2_1 like Mac OS X; zh-cn) AppleWebKit/533.17.9 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.2 Mobile/8C148 Safari/6533.18.5",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:2.0b13pre) Gecko/20110307 Firefox/4.0b13pre",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:16.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/16.0",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1271.64 Safari/537.11",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux x86_64; zh-CN; rv:1.9.2.10) Gecko/20100922 Ubuntu/10.10 (maverick) Firefox/3.6.10"
]
# random.choice返回列表的隨機(jī)項(xiàng)
user_agent = random.choice(user_agents)
return user_agent
# random.randint產(chǎn)生隨機(jī)整數(shù)
time.sleep(2 + float(random.randint(1, 100)) / 20)
NO.2代理驗(yàn)證
通過(guò)驗(yàn)證發(fā)現(xiàn)大部分都能用，不知道真的假的。
網(wǎng)址用的之前識(shí)別驗(yàn)證碼的那個(gè)網(wǎng)站，如云閣小說(shuō)網(wǎng)。
200個(gè)只有2個(gè)無(wú)效，不科學(xué)~import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import requests
import time
df = pd.read_csv('ip.csv', header=None, names=["ip", "port", "anonymous", "proxy_type", "speed"])
proxy_types = ["{}".format(i) for i in np.array(df['proxy_type'])]
ips = ["{}".format(i) for i in np.array(df['ip'])]
ports = ["{}".format(i) for i in np.array(df['port'])]
proxy_url = ['{0}://{1}:{2}'.format(proxy_types[i], ips[i], ports[i]) for i in range(len(ips))]
proxy_type = ['{}'.format(i) for i in proxy_types]
for i in range(200):
time.sleep(1)
proxies = {
proxy_type[i]: proxy_url[i]
}
try:
response = requests.get('http://www.quanben9.com/', proxies=proxies)
except Exception as e:
print('invalid ip and port')
else:
code = response.status_code
if code == 200:
print('effective ip')
with open('effective_ip.csv', 'a+', encoding='utf-8-sig') as f:
f.write(proxy_type[i] + ',' + proxy_url[i] + '\n')
else:
print('invalid ip and port')
NO.3小結(jié)
IP協(xié)議：網(wǎng)際協(xié)議，作用是把各種數(shù)據(jù)包傳送給對(duì)方(兩個(gè)重要的條件，IP地址和MAC地址)。
IP地址：指明了節(jié)點(diǎn)被分配到的地址。
端口：端口是通過(guò)端口號(hào)來(lái)標(biāo)記的，端口號(hào)只有整數(shù)，范圍是從0到65535。一個(gè)IP地址的端口有65536個(gè)，「IP地址+端口號(hào)」區(qū)分不同的服務(wù)(Web、FTP、SMTP)。
HTTP：超文本傳輸協(xié)議，完成從客戶端到服務(wù)器端等一系列運(yùn)作流程。
HTTPS：添加了加密及認(rèn)證機(jī)制的HTTP。
老實(shí)說(shuō)，之前我對(duì)IP地址、端口、HTTP、HTTPS，是一點(diǎn)不了解的。
最近在看圖解HTTP，算是對(duì)它們有所了解，但是還只是那么一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)，任重而道遠(yuǎn)。
不過(guò)羅馬非一日之功，有進(jìn)步就是好事！
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