html调用python_对Python3 解析html的几种操作方式小结
解析html是爬蟲后的重要的一個處理數據的環節。一下記錄解析html的幾種方式。
先介紹基礎的輔助函數，主要用于獲取html并輸入解析后的結束
#把傳遞解析函數，便于下面的修改
def get_html(url, paraser=bs4_paraser):
headers = {
'Accept': '*/*',
'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, sdch',
'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8',
'Host': 'www.360kan.com',
'Proxy-Connection': 'keep-alive',
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.116 Safari/537.36'
}
request = urllib2.Request(url, headers=headers)
response = urllib2.urlopen(request)
response.encoding = 'utf-8'
if response.code == 200:
data = StringIO.StringIO(response.read())
gzipper = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=data)
data = gzipper.read()
value = paraser(data) # open('E:/h5/haPkY0osd0r5UB.html').read()
return value
else:
pass
value = get_html('http://www.360kan.com/m/haPkY0osd0r5UB.html', paraser=lxml_parser)
for row in value:
print row
1，lxml.html的方式進行解析，
The lxml XML toolkit is a Pythonic binding for the C libraries libxml2 and libxslt. It is unique in that it combines the speed and XML feature completeness of these libraries with the simplicity of a native Python API, mostly compatible but superior to the well-known ElementTree API. The latest release works with all CPython versions from 2.6 to 3.5. See the introduction for more information about background and goals of the lxml project. Some common questions are answered in the FAQ. [官網](http://lxml.de/)
def lxml_parser(page):
data = []
doc = etree.HTML(page)
all_div = doc.xpath('//div[@class="yingping-list-wrap"]')
for row in all_div:
# 獲取每一個影評，即影評的item
all_div_item = row.xpath('.//div[@class="item"]') # find_all('div', attrs={'class': 'item'})
for r in all_div_item:
value = {}
# 獲取影評的標題部分
title = r.xpath('.//div[@class="g-clear title-wrap"][1]')
value['title'] = title[0].xpath('./a/text()')[0]
value['title_href'] = title[0].xpath('./a/@href')[0]
score_text = title[0].xpath('./div/span/span/@style')[0]
score_text = re.search(r'\d+', score_text).group()
value['score'] = int(score_text) / 20
# 時間
value['time'] = title[0].xpath('./div/span[@class="time"]/text()')[0]
# 多少人喜歡
value['people'] = int(
re.search(r'\d+', title[0].xpath('./div[@class="num"]/span/text()')[0]).group())
data.append(value)
return data
2，使用BeautifulSoup，不多說了，大家網上找資料看看
def bs4_paraser(html):
all_value = []
value = {}
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')
# 獲取影評的部分
all_div = soup.find_all('div', attrs={'class': 'yingping-list-wrap'}, limit=1)
for row in all_div:
# 獲取每一個影評，即影評的item
all_div_item = row.find_all('div', attrs={'class': 'item'})
for r in all_div_item:
# 獲取影評的標題部分
title = r.find_all('div', attrs={'class': 'g-clear title-wrap'}, limit=1)
if title is not None and len(title) > 0:
value['title'] = title[0].a.string
value['title_href'] = title[0].a['href']
score_text = title[0].div.span.span['style']
score_text = re.search(r'\d+', score_text).group()
value['score'] = int(score_text) / 20
# 時間
value['time'] = title[0].div.find_all('span', attrs={'class': 'time'})[0].string
# 多少人喜歡
value['people'] = int(
re.search(r'\d+', title[0].find_all('div', attrs={'class': 'num'})[0].span.string).group())
# print r
all_value.append(value)
value = {}
return all_value
3，使用SGMLParser，主要是通過start、end tag的方式進行了，解析工程比較明朗，但是有點麻煩，而且該案例的場景不太適合該方法，（哈哈）
class CommentParaser(SGMLParser):
def __init__(self):
SGMLParser.__init__(self)
self.__start_div_yingping = False
self.__start_div_item = False
self.__start_div_gclear = False
self.__start_div_ratingwrap = False
self.__start_div_num = False
# a
self.__start_a = False
# span 3中狀態
self.__span_state = 0
# 數據
self.__value = {}
self.data = []
def start_div(self, attrs):
for k, v in attrs:
if k == 'class' and v == 'yingping-list-wrap':
self.__start_div_yingping = True
elif k == 'class' and v == 'item':
self.__start_div_item = True
elif k == 'class' and v == 'g-clear title-wrap':
self.__start_div_gclear = True
elif k == 'class' and v == 'rating-wrap g-clear':
self.__start_div_ratingwrap = True
elif k == 'class' and v == 'num':
self.__start_div_num = True
def end_div(self):
if self.__start_div_yingping:
if self.__start_div_item:
if self.__start_div_gclear:
if self.__start_div_num or self.__start_div_ratingwrap:
if self.__start_div_num:
self.__start_div_num = False
if self.__start_div_ratingwrap:
self.__start_div_ratingwrap = False
else:
self.__start_div_gclear = False
else:
self.data.append(self.__value)
self.__value = {}
self.__start_div_item = False
else:
self.__start_div_yingping = False
def start_a(self, attrs):
if self.__start_div_yingping and self.__start_div_item and self.__start_div_gclear:
self.__start_a = True
for k, v in attrs:
if k == 'href':
self.__value['href'] = v
def end_a(self):
if self.__start_div_yingping and self.__start_div_item and self.__start_div_gclear and self.__start_a:
self.__start_a = False
def start_span(self, attrs):
if self.__start_div_yingping and self.__start_div_item and self.__start_div_gclear:
if self.__start_div_ratingwrap:
if self.__span_state != 1:
for k, v in attrs:
if k == 'class' and v == 'rating':
self.__span_state = 1
elif k == 'class' and v == 'time':
self.__span_state = 2
else:
for k, v in attrs:
if k == 'style':
score_text = re.search(r'\d+', v).group()
self.__value['score'] = int(score_text) / 20
self.__span_state = 3
elif self.__start_div_num:
self.__span_state = 4
def end_span(self):
self.__span_state = 0
def handle_data(self, data):
if self.__start_a:
self.__value['title'] = data
elif self.__span_state == 2:
self.__value['time'] = data
elif self.__span_state == 4:
score_text = re.search(r'\d+', data).group()
self.__value['people'] = int(score_text)
pass
def sgl_parser(html):
parser = CommentParaser()
parser.feed(html)
return parser.data
4,HTMLParaer，與3原理相識，就是調用的方法不太一樣，基本上可以公用，
class CommentHTMLParser(HTMLParser.HTMLParser):
def __init__(self):
HTMLParser.HTMLParser.__init__(self)
self.__start_div_yingping = False
self.__start_div_item = False
self.__start_div_gclear = False
self.__start_div_ratingwrap = False
self.__start_div_num = False
# a
self.__start_a = False
# span 3中狀態
self.__span_state = 0
# 數據
self.__value = {}
self.data = []
def handle_starttag(self, tag, attrs):
if tag == 'div':
for k, v in attrs:
if k == 'class' and v == 'yingping-list-wrap':
self.__start_div_yingping = True
elif k == 'class' and v == 'item':
self.__start_div_item = True
elif k == 'class' and v == 'g-clear title-wrap':
self.__start_div_gclear = True
elif k == 'class' and v == 'rating-wrap g-clear':
self.__start_div_ratingwrap = True
elif k == 'class' and v == 'num':
self.__start_div_num = True
elif tag == 'a':
if self.__start_div_yingping and self.__start_div_item and self.__start_div_gclear:
self.__start_a = True
for k, v in attrs:
if k == 'href':
self.__value['href'] = v
elif tag == 'span':
if self.__start_div_yingping and self.__start_div_item and self.__start_div_gclear:
if self.__start_div_ratingwrap:
if self.__span_state != 1:
for k, v in attrs:
if k == 'class' and v == 'rating':
self.__span_state = 1
elif k == 'class' and v == 'time':
self.__span_state = 2
else:
for k, v in attrs:
if k == 'style':
score_text = re.search(r'\d+', v).group()
self.__value['score'] = int(score_text) / 20
self.__span_state = 3
elif self.__start_div_num:
self.__span_state = 4
def handle_endtag(self, tag):
if tag == 'div':
if self.__start_div_yingping:
if self.__start_div_item:
if self.__start_div_gclear:
if self.__start_div_num or self.__start_div_ratingwrap:
if self.__start_div_num:
self.__start_div_num = False
if self.__start_div_ratingwrap:
self.__start_div_ratingwrap = False
else:
self.__start_div_gclear = False
else:
self.data.append(self.__value)
self.__value = {}
self.__start_div_item = False
else:
self.__start_div_yingping = False
elif tag == 'a':
if self.__start_div_yingping and self.__start_div_item and self.__start_div_gclear and self.__start_a:
self.__start_a = False
elif tag == 'span':
self.__span_state = 0
def handle_data(self, data):
if self.__start_a:
self.__value['title'] = data
elif self.__span_state == 2:
self.__value['time'] = data
elif self.__span_state == 4:
score_text = re.search(r'\d+', data).group()
self.__value['people'] = int(score_text)
pass
def html_parser(html):
parser = CommentHTMLParser()
parser.feed(html)
return parser.data
3,4對于該案例來說確實是不太適合，趁現在有空記錄下來，功學習使用！
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