mysql 5.7 多实例_MySQL 5.7--------多实例部署最佳实战
1. 背景
MySQL數據庫的集中化運維，可以通過在一臺服務器上，部署運行多個MySQL服務進程，通過不同的socket監聽不同的服務端口來提供各自的服務。各個實例之間是相互獨立的，每個實例的datadir, port, socket, pid都是不同的。
2. 多實例特點
* 有效利用服務器資源，當單個服務器資源有剩余時，可以充分利用剩余的資源提供更多的服務。
* 資源互相搶占問題，當某個服務實例服務并發很高時或者開啟慢查詢時，會消耗更多的內存、CPU、磁盤IO資源，導致服務器上的其他實例提供服務的質量下降。
3. 環境 [ 關閉SeLinux ][root@MySQL?~]#?cat?/etc/redhat-release
CentOS?release?6.9?(Final)
[root@MySQL?~]#?uname?-r
2.6.32-696.3.2.el6.x86_64
[root@MySQL?~]#?getenforce
Disabled
4. 部署 [ 4個實例 ]
* 下載 MySQL 5.7 二制包 [ 推薦官方下載 ] 此下載版本大于5.7.5[root@MySQL?~]#?wget?wget?https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
* 解壓 MySQL 5.7 二進制包到指定目錄[root@MySQL?~]#?tar?zxvf?mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz?-C?/usr/local/
* 創建 MySQL 軟鏈接[root@MySQL?~]#?ln?-s?/usr/local/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64?/usr/local/mysql
* 創建 MySQL 用戶[root@MySQL?~]#?useradd?-r?-s?/sbin/nologin?mysql
*?在 MySQL 二進制包目錄中創建 mysql-files 目錄 [MySQL數據導入/導出數據專放目錄][root@MySQL?~]#?mkdir?-v?/usr/local/mysql/mysql-files
mkdir:?created?directory?`/usr/local/mysql/mysql-files'
* 創建多實例數據目錄[root@MySQL?~]#?mkdir?-vp?/data/mysql_data{1..4}
mkdir:?created?directory?`/data'
mkdir:?created?directory?`/data/mysql_data1'
mkdir:?created?directory?`/data/mysql_data2'
mkdir:?created?directory?`/data/mysql_data3'
mkdir:?created?directory?`/data/mysql_data4'
* 修改 MySQL 二進制包目錄的所屬用戶與所屬組[root@MySQL?~]#?chown?root.mysql?-R?/usr/local/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64
* 修改 MySQL 多實例數據目錄與 數據導入/導出專放目錄的所屬用戶與所屬組[root@MySQL?~]#?chown?mysql.mysql?-R?/usr/local/mysql/mysql-files?/data/mysql_data{1..4}
*配置 MySQL 配置文件 /etc/my.cnf[mysqld_multi]
mysqld?????=?/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld
mysqladmin?=?/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
log????????=?/tmp/mysql_multi.log
[mysqld1]
#?設置數據目錄 [多實例中一定要不同]
datadir?=?/data/mysql_data1
#?設置sock存放文件名 [多實例中一定要不同]
socket?=?/tmp/mysql.sock1
#?設置監聽開放端口 [多實例中一定要不同]
port?=?3306
#?設置運行用戶
user?=?mysql
#?關閉監控
performance_schema?=?off
#?設置innodb?緩存大小
innodb_buffer_pool_size?=?32M
#?設置監聽IP地址
bind_address?=?0.0.0.0
#?關閉DNS?反向解析
skip-name-resolve?=?0
[mysqld2]
datadir?=?/data/mysql_data2
socket?=?/tmp/mysql.sock2
port?=?3307
user?=?mysql
performance_schema?=?off
innodb_buffer_pool_size?=?32M
bind_address?=?0.0.0.0
skip-name-resolve?=?0
[mysqld3]
datadir?=?/data/mysql_data3
socket?=?/tmp/mysql.sock3
port?=?3308
user?=?mysql
performance_schema?=?off
innodb_buffer_pool_size?=?32M
bind_address?=?0.0.0.0
skip-name-resolve?=?0
[mysqld4]
datadir?=?/data/mysql_data4
socket?=?/tmp/mysql.sock4
port?=?3309
user?=?mysql
performance_schema?=?off
innodb_buffer_pool_size?=?32M
bind_address?=?0.0.0.0
skip-name-resolve?=?0
* 初始化各個實例 [ 初始化完成后會自帶隨機密碼在輸出日志中][root@MySQL?~]#?/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld?--initialize?--user=mysql?--basedir=/usr/local/mysql?--datadir=/data/mysql_data1
[root@MySQL?~]#?/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld?--initialize?--user=mysql?--basedir=/usr/local/mysql?--datadir=/data/mysql_data2
[root@MySQL?~]#?/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld?--initialize?--user=mysql?--basedir=/usr/local/mysql?--datadir=/data/mysql_data3
[root@MySQL?~]#?/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld?--initialize?--user=mysql?--basedir=/usr/local/mysql?--datadir=/data/mysql_data4
* 各實例開啟 SSL 連接[root@MySQL?~]#?/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup?--user=mysql?--basedir=/usr/local/mysql?--datadir=/data/mysql_data1
[root@MySQL?~]#?/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup?--user=mysql?--basedir=/usr/local/mysql?--datadir=/data/mysql_data2
[root@MySQL?~]#?/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup?--user=mysql?--basedir=/usr/local/mysql?--datadir=/data/mysql_data3
[root@MySQL?~]#?/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup?--user=mysql?--basedir=/usr/local/mysql?--datadir=/data/mysql_data4
* 復制多實例腳本到服務管理目錄下 [ /etc/init.d/ ][root@MySQL?~]#?cp?/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysqld_multi.server?/etc/init.d/mysqld_multi
* 添加腳本執行權限[root@MySQL?~]#?chmod?+x?/etc/init.d/mysqld_multi
* 添加進service服務管理[root@MySQL?~]#?chkconfig?--add?mysqld_multi
5. 啟動測試
* 查個多實例狀態[root@MySQL?~]#?/etc/init.d/mysqld_multi?report
Reporting?MySQL?servers
MySQL?server?from?group:?mysqld1?is?not?running
MySQL?server?from?group:?mysqld2?is?not?running
MySQL?server?from?group:?mysqld3?is?not?running
MySQL?server?from?group:?mysqld4?is?not?running
* 啟動多實例[root@MySQL?~]#?/etc/init.d/mysqld_multi?start
* 查看多實例狀態Reporting?MySQL?servers
MySQL?server?from?group:?mysqld1?is?running
MySQL?server?from?group:?mysqld2?is?running
MySQL?server?from?group:?mysqld3?is?running
MySQL?server?from?group:?mysqld4?is?running
* 查看實例監聽端口[root@MySQL?~]#?netstat?-lntp?|?grep?mysqld
tcp????????0??????0?0.0.0.0:3306?????????0.0.0.0:*????????????????LISTEN??????2673/mysqld
tcp????????0??????0?0.0.0.0:3307?????????0.0.0.0:*????????????????LISTEN??????2676/mysqld
tcp????????0??????0?0.0.0.0:3308?????????0.0.0.0:*????????????????LISTEN??????2679/mysqld
tcp????????0??????0?0.0.0.0:3309?????????0.0.0.0:*????????????????LISTEN??????2682/mysqld
6. 連接測試
* 實例1[root@MySQL?~]#?/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql?-S?/tmp/mysql.sock1??-p'z+Ilo*>s:3kw'
mysql:?[Warning]?Using?a?password?on?the?command?line?interface?can?be?insecure.
Welcome?to?the?MySQL?monitor.??Commands?end?with?;?or?\g.
Your?MySQL?connection?id?is?6
Server?version:?5.7.18
Copyright?(c)?2000,?2017,?Oracle?and/or?its?affiliates.?All?rights?reserved.
Oracle?is?a?registered?trademark?of?Oracle?Corporation?and/or?its
affiliates.?Other?names?may?be?trademarks?of?their?respective
owners.
Type?'help;'?or?'\h'?for?help.?Type?'\c'?to?clear?the?current?input?statement.
mysql>?set?password?=?'123456';
Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.00?sec)
* 實例2[root@MySQL?~]#?/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql?-S?/tmp/mysql.sock2??-p'b*AHUrTgu1rl'
mysql:?[Warning]?Using?a?password?on?the?command?line?interface?can?be?insecure.
Welcome?to?the?MySQL?monitor.??Commands?end?with?;?or?\g.
Your?MySQL?connection?id?is?7
Server?version:?5.7.18
Copyright?(c)?2000,?2017,?Oracle?and/or?its?affiliates.?All?rights?reserved.
Oracle?is?a?registered?trademark?of?Oracle?Corporation?and/or?its
affiliates.?Other?names?may?be?trademarks?of?their?respective
owners.
Type?'help;'?or?'\h'?for?help.?Type?'\c'?to?clear?the?current?input?statement.
mysql>?set?password?=?'123456';
Query?OK,?0?rows?affected?(0.00?sec)
7. 總結
以需求驅動技術，技術本身沒有優略之分，只有業務之分。
總結
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