?本人的js & jq 一直是菜鳥級別,最近不忙就看了看ajax方面的知識,文中部分內容參考自這里&這里?之前一直用js寫ajax現在基于jq實現方便多了~

$.get & $.post 和 $.ajax的區別

之前看過同事寫過$.post,而我一直用$.ajax,后來才知道$.get()和$.post()都是通過get和post方式來進行異步,$.ajax()說是jquery最底層的ajax實現的,這里我們使用$.ajax的方式實現.

調用無參方法

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//調用無參方法 $("#Button1").click(function () { ????$.ajax({ ????????//要用post方式????? ????????type:?"Post", ????????//方法所在頁面和方法名????? ????????url:?"About.aspx/SayHello", ????????contentType:?"application/json; charset=utf-8", ????????dataType:?"json", ????????success: function (data) { ????????????//返回的數據用data.d獲取內容????? ????????????alert(data.d); ????????}, ????????error: function (err) { ????????????alert("Error: "?+ err); ????????} ????}); })

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[WebMethod] [ScriptMethod(ResponseFormat = ResponseFormat.Json)] public?static?string?SayHello() { ????return?"Hello Ajax!"; }

這里只列出常用的$.ajax的屬性以及方法詳情請參考這里

有點類似類似調用WebService,后臺方法必須為static,訪問范圍為protect/public,

WebMethod特性是必須的,這樣才能被客戶端腳本調用,支持遠程調用.

ScriptMethod特性是可選的,用于指定調用方法的 HTTP 謂詞(GET 或 POST),以及指定輸出格式(JSON或XML)沒有此特性,方法則默認只能被HTTP POST方式調用,并且輸出將序列化為 JSON.

Asp.net 3.5以上可直接使用以上兩個命名空間,Asp.net 2.0需安裝Asp.net Ajax,或者單獨引用Asp.net Ajax的System.Web.Extensions.dll.

如后臺方法無參數,data項可填為"{}"或者直接省略.Asp.net 3.5以上使用返回值,需要加上".d",如以上代碼里的"data.d",Asp.net 2.0直接使用"data"就行了.原因可能是兩者序列化的方法有所不同.

調用有參方法

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//調用返回有參方法 $(function () { ????$("#Button2").click(function () { ????????$.ajax({ ????????????type:?"Post", ????????????url:?"About.aspx/Hello", ????????????//方法傳參的寫法一定要對，name為形參的名字,age為第二個形參的名字????? ????????????data:?"{'name':'chenxu','age':'21'}", ????????????contentType:?"application/json; charset=utf-8", ????????????dataType:?"json", ????????????success: function (data) { ????????????????//返回的數據用data.d獲取內容????? ????????????????alert(data.d); ????????????}, ????????????error: function (err) { ????????????????alert("Error: "?+ err); ????????????} ????????}); ????}); });

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[WebMethod] [ScriptMethod(ResponseFormat = ResponseFormat.Json)] public?static?string?Hello(string?name,?string?age) { ????return?string.Format("hello my name is {0}, {1} years old.", name, age); }

調用返回集合方法

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//調用返回集合方法 $("#Button3").click(function () { ????$.ajax({ ????????type:?"Post", ????????url:?"About.aspx/GetList", ????????contentType:?"application/json; charset=utf-8", ????????dataType:?"json", ????????success: function (data) { ????????????//插入前先清空ul????? ????????????$("#list").html(""); ????????????//遞歸獲取數據????? ????????????$(data.d).each(function () { ????????????????//插入結果到li里面????? ????????????????$("#list").append("<li>"?+?this?+?"</li>"); ????????????}); ????????????alert(data.d); ????????}, ????????error: function (err) { ????????????alert("Error: "?+ err); ????????} ????}); });

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[WebMethod] [ScriptMethod(ResponseFormat = ResponseFormat.Json)] public?static?List<string> GetList() { ????List<string> list =?new?List<string> ????{ ????????"a","b","c","d","e","f" ????}; ????return?list; }

調用返回實體方法

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$("#Button4").click(function () { ????$.ajax({ ????????type:?"Post", ????????url:?"About.aspx/GetPerson", ????????contentType:?"application/json; charset=utf-8", ????????dataType:?"json", ????????success: function (data) { ????????????$(data.d).each(function () { ????????????????alert(this["name"]); ????????????}) ????????}, ????????error: function (err) { ????????????alert("Error: "?+ err); ????????} ????}); });

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[WebMethod] [ScriptMethod(ResponseFormat = ResponseFormat.Json)] public?static?Person GetPerson() { ????return?new?Person { name =?"chenxu"?}; }

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public?class?Person { ????public?string?name {?get;?set; } }

調用返回DATASET

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//調用返回DATASET方法 $('#Button5').click(function () { ????$.ajax({ ????????type:?"POST", ????????url:?"WebService.asmx/GetDataSet", ????????//data: "{}", ????????dataType:?'xml',?//返回的類型為XML ????????success: function (result) {?//成功時執行的方法 ????????????//捕獲處理過程中的異常并輸出 ????????????try?{ ????????????????$(result).find("Table1").each(function () { ????????????????????alert($(this).find("Id").text() +?" "?+ $(this).find("Value").text()); ????????????????}); ????????????} ????????????catch?(e) { ????????????????alert(e); ????????????????return; ????????????} ????????}, ????????error: function (result, status) {?//出錯時會執行這里的回調函數 ????????????if?(status ==?'error') { ????????????????alert(status); ????????????} ????????} ????}); });

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[WebMethod] //[ScriptMethod(ResponseFormat = ResponseFormat.Xml)] public?static?DataSet GetDataSet() { ????DataSet ds =?new?DataSet(); ????DataTable dt =?new?DataTable(); ????dt.Columns.Add("ID", Type.GetType("System.String")); ????dt.Columns.Add("Value", Type.GetType("System.String")); ???????????? ????DataRow dr = dt.NewRow(); ????dr["ID"] =?"1"; ????dr["Value"] =?".NET"; ????dt.Rows.Add(dr); ????dr = dt.NewRow(); ????dr["ID"] =?"2"; ????dr["Value"] =?"JAVA"; ????dt.Rows.Add(dr); ????ds.Tables.Add(dt); ????return?ds; }

調用dataset總是出問題,之前記得這樣寫是好用的,找了好長時間沒找到問題,哪位大神找到了告訴我.

把web form里面的方法GetDataSet放到web service(asmx)中 并設定?contentType:?"text/xml;?charset=utf-8",dataType:?'xml'?

調用ASHX?一般處理程序

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//調用ASHX 一般處理程序 $("#Button6").click(function () { ????$.ajax({ ????????type:?"Post", ????????url:?"Hello.ashx", ????????contentType:?"application/json; charset=utf-8", ????????dataType:?"html",?//此處需要寫成html ????????success: function (data) { ????????????alert(data); ????????}, ????????error: function (err) { ????????????alert("Error: "?+ err); ????????} ????}); });

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/// <summary> /// Hello 的摘要說明 /// </summary> public?class?Hello : IHttpHandler { ????public?void?ProcessRequest(HttpContext context) ????{ ????????context.Response.ContentType =?"text/plain"; ????????context.Response.Write("Hello World"); ????????context.Response.End(); ????} ????public?bool?IsReusable ????{ ????????get ????????{ ????????????return?false; ????????} ????} }

完整code

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<%@ Page Title="主頁"?Language="C#"?MasterPageFile="~/Site.master"?AutoEventWireup="true" ????CodeBehind="Default.aspx.cs"?Inherits="JqueryAjax._Default"?%> <asp:Content ID="HeaderContent"?runat="server"?ContentPlaceHolderID="HeadContent"> ????<script src="Scripts/jquery-1.4.1.js"?type="text/javascript"></script> ????<script type="text/javascript"> ????????$(function () { ????????????//調用無參方法 ????????????$("#Button1").click(function () { ????????????????$.ajax({ ????????????????????//要用post方式????? ????????????????????type:?"Post", ????????????????????//方法所在頁面和方法名????? ????????????????????url:?"About.aspx/SayHello", ????????????????????contentType:?"application/json; charset=utf-8", ????????????????????dataType:?"json", ????????????????????success: function (data) { ????????????????????????//返回的數據用data.d獲取內容????? ????????????????????????alert(data.d); ????????????????????}, ????????????????????error: function (err) { ????????????????????????alert("Error: "?+ err); ????????????????????} ????????????????}); ????????????}) ????????????//調用返回有參方法 ????????????$(function () { ????????????????$("#Button2").click(function () { ????????????????????$.ajax({ ????????????????????????type:?"Post", ????????????????????????url:?"About.aspx/Hello", ????????????????????????//方法傳參的寫法一定要對，str為形參的名字,str2為第二個形參的名字????? ????????????????????????data:?"{'name':'chenxu','age':'21'}", ????????????????????????contentType:?"application/json; charset=utf-8", ????????????????????????dataType:?"json", ????????????????????????success: function (data) { ????????????????????????????//返回的數據用data.d獲取內容????? ????????????????????????????alert(data.d); ????????????????????????}, ????????????????????????error: function (err) { ????????????????????????????alert("Error: "?+ err); ????????????????????????} ????????????????????}); ????????????????}); ????????????}); ????????????//調用返回集合方法 ????????????$("#Button3").click(function () { ????????????????$.ajax({ ????????????????????type:?"Post", ????????????????????url:?"About.aspx/GetList", ????????????????????contentType:?"application/json; charset=utf-8", ????????????????????dataType:?"json", ????????????????????success: function (data) { ????????????????????????//插入前先清空ul????? ????????????????????????$("#list").html(""); ????????????????????????//遞歸獲取數據????? ????????????????????????$(data.d).each(function () { ????????????????????????????//插入結果到li里面????? ????????????????????????????$("#list").append("<li>"?+?this?+?"</li>"); ????????????????????????}); ????????????????????????alert(data.d); ????????????????????}, ????????????????????error: function (err) { ????????????????????????alert("Error: "?+ err); ????????????????????} ????????????????}); ????????????}); ????????????//調用返回實體方法 ????????????$("#Button4").click(function () { ????????????????$.ajax({ ????????????????????type:?"Post", ????????????????????url:?"About.aspx/GetPerson", ????????????????????contentType:?"application/json; charset=utf-8", ????????????????????dataType:?"json", ????????????????????success: function (data) { ????????????????????????$(data.d).each(function () { ????????????????????????????alert(this["name"]); ????????????????????????}) ????????????????????}, ????????????????????error: function (err) { ????????????????????????alert("Error: "?+ err); ????????????????????} ????????????????}); ????????????}); ????????????//調用返回DATASET方法 ????????????$('#Button5').click(function () { ????????????????$.ajax({ ????????????????????type:?"POST", ????????????????????url:?"WebService.asmx/GetDataSet", ????????????????????//data: "{}", ????????????????????dataType:?'xml',?//返回的類型為XML ????????????????????success: function (result) {?//成功時執行的方法 ????????????????????????//捕獲處理過程中的異常并輸出 ????????????????????????try?{ ????????????????????????????$(result).find("Table1").each(function () { ????????????????????????????????alert($(this).find("Id").text() +?" "?+ $(this).find("Value").text()); ????????????????????????????}); ????????????????????????} ????????????????????????catch?(e) { ????????????????????????????alert(e); ????????????????????????????return; ????????????????????????} ????????????????????}, ????????????????????error: function (result, status) {?//出錯時會執行這里的回調函數 ????????????????????????if?(status ==?'error') { ????????????????????????????alert(status); ????????????????????????} ????????????????????} ????????????????}); ????????????}); ????????????//調用ASHX 一般處理程序 ????????????$("#Button6").click(function () { ????????????????$.ajax({ ????????????????????type:?"Post", ????????????????????url:?"Hello.ashx", ????????????????????contentType:?"application/json; charset=utf-8", ????????????????????dataType:?"html",?//此處需要寫成html ????????????????????success: function (data) { ????????????????????????alert(data); ????????????????????}, ????????????????????error: function (err) { ????????????????????????alert("Error: "?+ err); ????????????????????} ????????????????}); ????????????}); ????????}) ????</script> </asp:Content> <asp:Content ID="BodyContent"?runat="server"?ContentPlaceHolderID="MainContent"> ????<h2> ????????ASP.NET Jquery Ajax 調用后臺方法示例. ????</h2> ????<input id="Button1"?type="button"?value="調用無參方法"?/> ????<input id="Button2"?type="button"?value="調用有參方法"?/> ????<input id="Button3"?type="button"?value="調用返回集合方法"?/> ????<input id="Button4"?type="button"?value="調用返回實體方法"?/> ????<input id="Button5"?type="button"?value="調用返回DATASET方法"?/> ????<input id="Button6"?type="button"?value="調用ASHX"?/> ????<ul id="list"> ????</ul> </asp:Content>

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using?System; using?System.Collections.Generic; using?System.Linq; using?System.Web; using?System.Web.UI; using?System.Web.UI.WebControls; using?System.Web.Services; using?System.Web.Script.Services; using?System.Data; namespace?JqueryAjax { ????public?partial?class?About : System.Web.UI.Page ????{ ????????protected?void?Page_Load(object?sender, EventArgs e) ????????{ ????????} ????????[WebMethod] ????????[ScriptMethod(ResponseFormat = ResponseFormat.Json)] ????????public?static?string?SayHello() ????????{ ????????????return?"Hello Ajax!"; ????????} ????????[WebMethod] ????????[ScriptMethod(ResponseFormat = ResponseFormat.Json)] ????????public?static?string?Hello(string?name,?string?age) ????????{ ????????????return?string.Format("hello my name is {0}, {1} years old.", name, age); ????????} ????????[WebMethod] ????????[ScriptMethod(ResponseFormat = ResponseFormat.Json)] ????????public?static?List<string> GetList() ????????{ ????????????List<string> list =?new?List<string> ????　　　　 { ????????　　　　"a","b","c","d","e","f" ????　　　　 }; ????????????return?list; ????????} ????????[WebMethod] ????????[ScriptMethod(ResponseFormat = ResponseFormat.Json)] ????????public?static?Person GetPerson() ????????{ ????????????return?new?Person { name =?"chenxu"?}; ????????} ????} ????public?class?Person ????{ ????????public?string?name {?get;?set; } ????} }

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using?System; using?System.Collections.Generic; using?System.Linq; using?System.Web; using?System.Web.Services; namespace?JqueryAjax { ????/// <summary> ????/// Hello 的摘要說明 ????/// </summary> ????public?class?Hello : IHttpHandler ????{ ????????public?void?ProcessRequest(HttpContext context) ????????{ ????????????context.Response.ContentType =?"text/plain"; ????????????context.Response.Write("Hello World"); ????????????context.Response.End(); ????????} ????????public?bool?IsReusable ????????{ ????????????get ????????????{ ????????????????return?false; ????????????} ????????} ????} }

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using?System; using?System.Collections.Generic; using?System.Linq; using?System.Web; using?System.Web.Services; using?System.Data; /// <summary> ///WebService 的摘要說明 /// </summary> [WebService(Namespace =?"http://tempuri.org/")] [WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo = WsiProfiles.BasicProfile1_1)] //若要允許使用 ASP.NET AJAX 從腳本中調用此 Web 服務，請取消對下行的注釋。 // [System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptService] public?class?WebService : System.Web.Services.WebService { ????public?WebService() ????{ ????} ????[WebMethod] ????public?DataSet GetDataSet() ????{ ????????DataSet ds =?new?DataSet(); ????????DataTable dt =?new?DataTable(); ????????dt.Columns.Add("Id", Type.GetType("System.String")); ????????dt.Columns.Add("Vlues", Type.GetType("System.String")); ????????DataRow dr = dt.NewRow(); ????????dr["Id"] =?"小花"; ????????dr["Vlues"] =?"aaaaaaaaa"; ????????dt.Rows.Add(dr); ????????dr = dt.NewRow(); ????????dr["Id"] =?"小兵"; ????????dr["Vlues"] =?"bbbbbbbbb"; ????????dt.Rows.Add(dr); ????????ds.Tables.Add(dt); ????????return?ds; ????} }

總結

一開始對data.d的這個d不是很理解,感謝這篇文章的博主,相比較與aspx ?ashx只能通過ProcessRequest方法進行輸出而不能在內部寫static method,如果想在ashx中使用session只要實現IRequiresSessionState接口即可,要不然獲取到session會為null.

轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/yangwujun/p/4660344.html

總結

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