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同步云数据库MySQL到自建数据库

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摘要：同步云數(shù)據(jù)庫MySQL到自建數(shù)據(jù)庫

備份恢復(fù)到本地的相關(guān)說明，請參考https://help.aliyun.com/knowledge_detail/41817.html

本例環(huán)境為 Mysql5.6
阿里云 RDS / Mysql 5.6
本地環(huán)境Ubuntu 14.04 / Mysql 5.6

1.安裝Percona Xtrabackup

wget https://repo.percona.com/apt/percona-release_0.1-5.(lsb_release -sc)_all.deb
dpkg -i percona-release_0.1-5.$(lsb_release -sc)_all.deb
apt-get update
apt-get install percona-xtrabackup-24

2.安裝Mysql服務(wù)和客戶端

apt-get install mysql-server-5.6 mysql-client-5.6
/etc/init.d/mysql stop

3.下載數(shù)據(jù)庫備份文件

wget -c '<數(shù)據(jù)備份文件外網(wǎng)下載地址>' -O <自定義文件名>.tar.gz

4.解壓備份文件

bash rds_backup_extract.sh -f <數(shù)據(jù)備份文件名>.tar.gz -C /home/mysql/data

5.恢復(fù)解壓好的文件

innobackupex --defaults-file=/home/mysql/data/backup-my.cnf --apply-log /home/mysql/data

6.修改backup-my.cnf參數(shù)

vim /home/mysql/data/backup-my.cnf

# This MySQL options file was generated by >>innobackupex.
# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
innodb_checksum_algorithm=innodb
#innodb_log_checksum_algorithm=innodb
innodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:200M:autoextend
innodb_log_files_in_group=2
innodb_log_file_size=1048576000
#innodb_fast_checksum=false
innodb_page_size=16384
#innodb_log_block_size=512
innodb_undo_directory=.
innodb_undo_tablespaces=0
#rds_encrypt_data=false
#innodb_encrypt_algorithm=aes_128_ecb

7.修改文件屬主

chown -R mysql:mysql /home/mysql/data

8.啟動MySQL進(jìn)程

mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/home/mysql/data/backup-my.cnf --user=mysql --datadir=/home/mysql/data

9.登錄MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行修改

mysql -uroot

mysql>delete from mysql.db where user<>'root' and char_length(user)>0;delete from mysql.tables_priv where user<>'root' and char_length(user)>0;flush privileges;
mysql>use mysql;
mysql>drop table slave_master_info;
mysql>drop table slave_relay_log_info;
mysql>drop table slave_worker_info;
mysql>drop table innodb_index_stats;
mysql>drop table innodb_table_stats;
mysql>source /usr/share/mysql/mysql_system_tables.sql
mysql>quit

10.修改my.cnf（把backup-my.cnf參數(shù)復(fù)制到my.cnf）

mysqladmin shutdown
vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf

[client]

port = 3306
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
[mysqld_safe]
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
nice = 0

[mysqld]

user = mysql
pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
port = 3306
basedir = /usr
datadir = /home/mysql/data
tmpdir = /tmp
lc-messages-dir = /usr/share/mysql
skip-external-locking
myisam-recover = BACKUP
log_error = /var/log/mysql/error.log
#阿里云RDS優(yōu)化配置
auto_increment_increment = 1
auto_increment_offset = 1
back_log = 3000
binlog_cache_size = 1M
binlog_checksum = CRC32
binlog_row_image = full
binlog_stmt_cache_size = 32768
character_set_server = utf8
concurrent_insert = 1
connect_timeout = 10
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
default_time_zone = SYSTEM
default_week_format = 0
delayed_insert_limit = 100
delayed_insert_timeout = 300
delayed_queue_size = 1000
delay_key_write = ON
div_precision_increment = 4
eq_range_index_dive_limit = 10
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = false
ft_min_word_len = 4
ft_query_expansion_limit = 20
group_concat_max_len = 1024
innodb_adaptive_hash_index = ON
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2097152
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode = 1
innodb_concurrency_tickets = 500
innodb_ft_max_token_size = 84
innodb_ft_min_token_size = 3
innodb_large_prefix = 0
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 75
innodb_old_blocks_pct = 37
innodb_old_blocks_time = 0
innodb_online_alter_log_max_size = 134217728
innodb_open_files = 300
innodb_print_all_deadlocks = OFF
innodb_purge_batch_size = 20
innodb_purge_threads = 1
innodb_read_ahead_threshold = 56
innodb_read_io_threads = 4
innodb_rollback_on_timeout = OFF
innodb_stats_method = nulls_equal
innodb_stats_on_metadata = OFF
innodb_stats_sample_pages = 8
innodb_strict_mode = OFF
innodb_table_locks = ON
innodb_thread_concurrency = 0
innodb_thread_sleep_delay = 10000
innodb_write_io_threads = 4
interactive_timeout = 7200
key_cache_age_threshold = 300
key_cache_block_size = 1024
key_cache_division_limit = 100
log_queries_not_using_indexes = OFF
long_query_time = 1
#loose_max_statement_time = 0
#loose_rds_indexstat = OFF
#loose_rds_max_tmp_disk_space = 10737418240
#loose_rds_tablestat = ON
#loose_rds_threads_running_high_watermark = 50000
#loose_tokudb_buffer_pool_ratio = 0
lower_case_table_names = 1
low_priority_updates = 0
max_allowed_packet = 1024M
max_connect_errors = 20
max_length_for_sort_data = 1024
max_prepared_stmt_count = 16382
max_write_lock_count = 102400
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 262144
net_read_timeout = 30
net_retry_count = 10
net_write_timeout = 60
open_files_limit = 65535
performance_schema = OFF
query_alloc_block_size = 8192
query_cache_limit = 1048576
query_cache_size = 0
query_cache_type = 1
query_cache_wlock_invalidate = OFF
query_prealloc_size = 8192
#rds_reset_all_filter = 0
slow_launch_time = 2
sql_mode =
table_definition_cache = 512
table_open_cache = 2000
thread_stack = 262144
tmp_table_size = 262144
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
wait_timeout = 86400
#優(yōu)化結(jié)束
#GTID設(shè)置
server-id = 148
log-bin = mysql.bin
log-bin-index = mysql-bin.index
log-slave-updates = 1
skip_slave_start = 1
relay-log = relay-log
relay_log_index = relay-log.index
expire_logs_days = 0
max_binlog_size = 500M
default-storage-engine=INNODB
master-info-repository=TABLE
relay-log-info_repository=TABLE
binlog-format=ROW
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
#backup-my.cnf參數(shù)
innodb_checksum_algorithm=innodb
#innodb_log_checksum_algorithm=innodb
innodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:200M:autoextend
innodb_log_files_in_group=2
innodb_log_file_size=1048576000
#innodb_fast_checksum=false
innodb_page_size=16384
#innodb_log_block_size=512
innodb_undo_directory=.
innodb_undo_tablespaces=0
#backup-my.cnf結(jié)束
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
replicate-ignore-db=test
replicate-ignore-db=information_schema
replicate-ignore-db=performance_schema
replicate-do-db=db1
replicate-do-db=db2
#GTID結(jié)束
[mysqldump]
quick
quote-names
max_allowed_packet = 16M

[mysql]

[isamchk]

key_buffer = 16M
!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/

注：my.cnf的參數(shù)可以參考RDS的參數(shù)，我這里是照搬，請自己對照情況進(jìn)行修改。

11.設(shè)置slave(請先在rds控制臺創(chuàng)建一個用來同步的賬戶，建議只讀)

/etc/init.d/mysql/restart

cat /home/data/mysql/xtrabackup_slave_info
#文件里面就兩段字，復(fù)制下來，待會用到。
mysql -uroot

mysql>SET GLOBAL gtid_purged='xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx:1-123456';
mysql>CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='RDS外網(wǎng)地址', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_USER='同步賬號', MASTER_PASSWORD='同步密碼', MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1;
mysql>START SLAVE;
mysql>SHOW SLAVE STATUS G

問題解答

1.首次啟動數(shù)據(jù)庫出現(xiàn)如下提示

[ERROR] InnoDB: ./ibdata1 can't be opened in read-write mode

[ERROR] InnoDB: The system tablespace must be writable!
[ERROR] Plugin 'InnoDB' init function returned error.
[ERROR] Plugin 'InnoDB' registration as a STORAGE ENGINE failed.
[ERROR] Unknown/unsupported storage engine: InnoDB
[ERROR] Aborting

PS：重啟服務(wù)器即可，刪除ib*什么的不管用。

2.unknown variable 'xxxx'

[ERROR]/usr/sbin/mysqld: unknown variable 'xxxx'

PS:到my.cnf里面注釋xxxx

3.Table './mysql/xxx' …

[ERROR] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Table './mysql/db' is marked as crashed and should be repaired

[Warning] Checking table: './mysql/db'
[ERROR] 1 client is using or hasn't closed the table properly
[ERROR] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Table './mysql/event' is marked as crashed and should be repaired
[Warning] Checking table: './mysql/event'
[ERROR] 1 client is using or hasn't closed the table properly

PS：使用myisamchk -c -r /home/mysql/data/db/tablesname.MYI修復(fù)即可

4.information that should help you find out what is causing the crash.

It is possible that mysqld could use up to

key_buffer_size + (read_buffer_size + sort_buffer_size)*max_threads = 68104 K bytes of memory
Hope that's ok; if not, decrease some variables in the equation.
Thread pointer: 0xxxxxxxxxxxxx
Attempting backtrace. You can use the following information to find out
where mysqld died. If you see no messages after this, something went
terribly wrong...

PS：...他只是卡住了而已，my.cnf里面部分參數(shù)設(shè)置不當(dāng)，等一會就可以連了。。別問我為什么知道。。

5.同步時報1236錯誤

[ERROR] Error reading packet from server: The slave is connecting using CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_AUTO_POSITION = 1, but the master has purged binary logs containing GTIDs that the slave requires. (server_errno=1236)

ERROR] Slave I/O: Got fatal error 1236 from master when reading data from binary log: 'The slave is connecting using CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_AUTO_POSITION = 1, but the master has purged binary logs containing GTIDs that the slave requires.', Error_code: 1236
[ERROR] Error reading packet from server: The slave is connecting using CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_AUTO_POSITION = 1, but the master has purged binary logs containing GTIDs that the slave requires. (server_errno=1236)

PS:重新從RDS獲取新的備份（當(dāng)前的新備份）

最后，本地my.cnf里面的配置，如果你不知道有些參數(shù)數(shù)值應(yīng)該設(shè)置多少，可以登陸RDS服務(wù)器使用show命令進(jìn)行查詢，查詢到的數(shù)值單位是字節(jié)，不會換算自己百度用工具換算一下就行，上文中關(guān)于my.cnf阿里云優(yōu)化的部分，全部使用了RDS控制臺里面的參數(shù)（導(dǎo)出復(fù)制進(jìn)去就行，記得注釋掉有rds的參數(shù)），RDS里面沒有的參數(shù)，你本地可以直接注釋掉。

對于GTID的參數(shù)，官方有很詳細(xì)的解釋，這里就不多做解釋了。

以上，遇到問題歡迎留言。

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原文鏈接

轉(zhuǎn)載于:https://juejin.im/post/5a703cb25188257350518352

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