一、環境說明：

[root@beanvm ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.2 (Santiago)

[root@beanvm ~]# uname -a

Linux beanvm 2.6.32-220.el6.i686 #1 SMP Wed Nov 9 08:02:18 EST 2011 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux

二、準備工作與系統配置

1.下載安裝包

這里下載的是較新的MySQL 5.6.16版本，更新迭代的太快了，文件為：mysql-5.6.16.tar.gz

2. 安裝編譯必須的包

[root@beanvm ~]# rpm -ivh bison-devel-2.4.1-5.el6.i686.rpm

warning: bison-devel-2.4.1-5.el6.i686.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY

Preparing...??????????????? ########################################### [100%]

1:bison-devel??????????? ########################################### [100%]

[root@beanvm ~]# rpm -ivh ncurses-devel-5.7-3.20090208.el6.i686.rpm

warning: ncurses-devel-5.7-3.20090208.el6.i686.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID fd431d51: NOKEY

Preparing...??????????????? ########################################### [100%]

1:ncurses-devel????????? ########################################### [100%]

個人經驗上面兩個包是比較容易缺失，像gcc，make，cmake則是必備的了，也建議檢查一下：

[root@beanvm ~]# rpm -qa |grep gcc-c++

gcc-c++-4.4.6-3.el6.i686

[root@beanvm ~]# rpm -qa |grep make

imake-1.0.2-11.el6.i686

automake-1.11.1-1.2.el6.noarch

cmake-2.6.4-5.el6.i686

make-3.81-19.el6.i686

3.創建MySQL用戶和組

[root@beanvm ~]# groupadd mysql

[root@beanvm ~]# useradd -g mysql mysql

[root@beanvm ~]# passwd mysql

4.配置環境變量

[root@beanvm ~]# su – mysql

在.bash_profile文件中為PATH變量追加mysql路徑：

export PATH=/sbin:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH

三、安裝MySQL

解壓安裝包：

[root@beanvm ~]# tar -xvf mysql-5.6.16.tar.gz

[root@beanvm ~]# cd mysql-5.6.16

編譯腳本如下：

cmake \

# MySQL根目錄

-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \

# 數據文件目錄

-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \

-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \

-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITH_READLINE=1 \

-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock \

-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \

-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \

-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \

-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \

-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci

make && make install

基本上安裝的選項還是一目了然的，更多的選項示意參見：

編譯時間是機器而定，我的有20多分鐘的樣子。

安裝完成后要給根目錄指定為mysql用戶和組，也可以在這時候進行mysql用戶和組的創建工作：

[root@beanvm ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql

安裝完成的MySQL根目錄如下：

[root@beanvm ~]# ls -l /usr/local/mysql/

total 164

drwxr-xr-x.? 2 mysql mysql? 4096 Feb 15 14:40 bin

-rw-r--r--.? 1 mysql mysql 17987 Jan 14 23:38 COPYING

drwxr-xr-x.? 6 mysql mysql? 4096 Feb 18 16:32 data

drwxr-xr-x.? 2 mysql mysql? 4096 Feb 15 14:39 docs

drwxr-xr-x.? 3 mysql mysql? 4096 Feb 15 14:39 include

-rw-r--r--.? 1 mysql mysql 88109 Jan 14 23:38 INSTALL-BINARY

drwxr-xr-x.? 3 mysql mysql? 4096 Feb 15 14:39 lib

drwxr-xr-x.? 4 mysql mysql? 4096 Feb 15 14:40 man

-rw-r--r--.? 1 mysql mysql?? 943 Feb 15 14:56 my.cnf

-rw-r--r--.? 1 mysql mysql?? 943 Feb 18 16:26 my-new.cnf

drwxr-xr-x. 10 mysql mysql? 4096 Feb 15 14:40 mysql-test

-rw-r--r--.? 1 mysql mysql? 2496 Jan 14 23:38 README

drwxr-xr-x.? 2 mysql mysql? 4096 Feb 15 14:40 scripts

drwxr-xr-x. 28 mysql mysql? 4096 Feb 15 14:40 share

drwxr-xr-x.? 4 mysql mysql? 4096 Feb 15 14:40 sql-bench

drwxr-xr-x.? 3 mysql mysql? 4096 Feb 15 14:40 support-files

可以看到已經創建一個默認的配置文件my.cnf。

四、MySQL初始化

執行初始化腳本來創建數據庫：

[root@beanvm ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/scripts/

[root@beanvm scripts]# ./mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

創建MySQL服務并啟動：

[root@beanvm ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

[root@beanvm ~]# service mysql start

Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!

接下來就是配置數據庫了，在新版的MySQL安裝過程中提供了一個腳本用于自動完成數據庫使用前的配置工作，這個腳本位于/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation，它會完成以下任務：

1.指定root用戶密碼(默認是沒有密碼的)

2.刪除匿名用戶

3.設置root用戶的遠程訪問(對應的要在防火墻中開啟3306端口)

4.是否刪除測試數據庫

5.重載權限表

這里建議使用這個腳本，執行過程如下：

[mysql@beanvm ~]$ /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MySQL

SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!? PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MySQL to secure it, we'll need the current

password for the root user.? If you've just installed MySQL, and

you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,

so you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none):

OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MySQL

root user without the proper authorisation.

You already have a root password set, so you can safely answer 'n'.

Change the root password? [Y/n] Y

New password:

Re-enter new password:

Password updated successfully!

Reloading privilege tables..

... Success!

By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone

to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for

them.? This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation

go a bit smoother.? You should remove them before moving into a

production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y

... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.? This

ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n

... skipping.

By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can

access.? This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed

before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] n

... skipping.

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far

will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y

... Success!

All done!? If you've completed all of the above steps, your MySQL

installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MySQL!

Cleaning up...

當然也可以手動完成這些操作：

[mysql@beanvm ~]$ mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'

[mysql@beanvm ~]$ mysqladmin -u root -h beanvm password 'new-password'

[mysql@beanvm ~]$ mysql -u root -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.? Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 19

Server version: 5.6.16 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> delete from mysql.user where user='';

Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'mypasswd' WITH GRANT OPTION;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

總結

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