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linux 双mysql_MySQL双主互备+Keepalived高可用架构实现案例

發(fā)布時(shí)間：2023/12/20 数据库 25 豆豆

生活随笔收集整理的這篇文章主要介紹了 linux 双mysql_MySQL双主互备+Keepalived高可用架构实现案例小編覺得挺不錯(cuò)的,現(xiàn)在分享給大家,幫大家做個(gè)參考.

一、環(huán)境介紹

1.1、規(guī)劃

序號(hào)

類別

版本

主機(jī)名

端口

備注

CentOS release 6.9 (Final) (minimal)

my1

172.16.210.180

8306

172.16.210.183

mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

my2

172.16.210.181

8306

keeplived

keepalived-1.2.7.tar.gz

mysql下載地址：

keeplived下載地址：

http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.7.tar.gz

1.2、MySQL雙主互備+keepalived高可用架構(gòu)介紹

MySQL主從復(fù)制架構(gòu)可以在很大程度保證MySQL的高可用，在一主多從的架構(gòu)中還可以利用讀寫分離將讀操作分配到從庫中，減輕主庫壓力。但是在這種架構(gòu)中，主庫出現(xiàn)故障時(shí)需要手動(dòng)將一臺(tái)從庫提升為主庫。在對寫操作要求較高的環(huán)境中，主庫故障在主從架構(gòu)中會(huì)成為單點(diǎn)故障。因此需要主主互備架構(gòu)，避免主節(jié)點(diǎn)故障造成寫操作失效。

在雙主互備的架構(gòu)中，每臺(tái)MySQL都充當(dāng)主服務(wù)器，同時(shí)充當(dāng)對方的從服務(wù)器。在任意一臺(tái)服務(wù)器上的寫操作都會(huì)被復(fù)制到另一臺(tái)服務(wù)器上，從而保證了數(shù)據(jù)的可靠性。

在雙主互備的基礎(chǔ)上加上keepalived，在其中一臺(tái)機(jī)器上綁定虛擬ip(VIP)。利用vip統(tǒng)一對外服務(wù)，可以避免在兩個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)同時(shí)寫數(shù)據(jù)造成沖突。同時(shí)當(dāng)keepalived主節(jié)點(diǎn)發(fā)生故障時(shí)，keeplived會(huì)自動(dòng)將VIP切換到備節(jié)點(diǎn)上，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)主服務(wù)器的高可用。

二、安裝mysql5.7

2.1、主機(jī)M1上的操作

2.1.1、安裝依賴包

yumclean allyum -y updateyum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make autoconf automake ncurses-devel bison ncurses cmake libaio libaio-devel boostyum -y install gcc-c++ gd libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel net-snmp-devel wget telnet vim zip unzip

yum -y install curl-devel libxslt-devel pcre-devel libjpeg libpng libcurl4-openssl-devyum -y install libcurl-devel libcurl freetype-config freetype freetype-devel unixODBC libxsltyum -y install gcc automake autoconf libtool openssl-develyum -y install perl-devel perl-ExtUtils-Embedyum -y install cmake ncurses-devel.x86_64 openldap-devel.x86_64 lrzsz openssh-clients gcc-g77 bisonyum -y install libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel mhash mhash-devel bzip2 bzip2-develyum -y install ntpdate rsync svn patch iptables iptables-servicesyum -y install libevent libevent-devel cyrus-sasl cyrus-sasl-develyum -y install gd-devel libmemcached-devel memcached git libssl-devel libyaml-devel auto make

yum -y groupinstall "Server Platform Development" "Development tools"

yum -y groupinstall "Development tools"

2.1.2、下載解壓

rm -rf /etc/my.cnfmkdir -p /opt/mysql

cd/opt/mysql/

wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

tar -zxf mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

cd/usr/local/

ln -s /opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql

2.1.3、創(chuàng)建所需要的目錄

mkdir -p /data/mysql/mysql_8306/{data,logs,tmp}

2.1.4、更改權(quán)限

groupadd mysql

useradd-g mysql mysql -d /home/mysql -s /sbin/nologin

2.1.5、創(chuàng)建my.cnf

cat >/data/mysql/mysql_8306/my_8306.cnf <

#my.cnf

[client]

port= 8306socket= /data/mysql/mysql_8306/tmp/mysql_8306.sock

[mysql]

#prompt="\u@\h:\p \R:\m:\s [\d]>"#tee=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/data/query.log

#prompt="\u@\h:\p \R:\m:\s [\d]>"prompt= "[\u@\h][\d]>\_"connect_timeout= 5no-auto-rehash

[mysqld]

#misc

user=mysql

basedir= /usr/local/mysql

datadir= /data/mysql/mysql_8306/data

port= 8306socket= /data/mysql/mysql_8306/tmp/mysql_8306.sock

#timeout

interactive_timeout= 300wait_timeout= 300#character set

character-set-server =utf8

open_files_limit= 65535max_connections= 100max_connect_errors= 100000skip-name-resolve = 1#logs

log-output=fileslow_query_log= 1slow_query_log_file= /data/mysql/mysql_8306/logs/slow.log

log-error = /data/mysql/mysql_8306/logs/error.log

log_error_verbosity= 3pid-file =mysql.pid

long_query_time= 1#log-slow-admin-statements = 1#log-queries-not-using-indexes = 1log-slow-slave-statements = 1#tmp

tmpdir=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/tmp

event_scheduler= 1performance_schema=on

max_allowed_packet=32M

character_set_server=utf8mb4

#character_set_server=utf8

default-time-zone =system

default-storage-engine =InnoDB

#bind_address= 172.16.151.248explicit_defaults_for_timestamp= 1#binlog

binlog_format=row

server-id = 1818306log-bin = /data/mysql/mysql_8306/logs/mysql-bin

log-bin-index = /data/mysql/mysql_8306/logs/mysql-bin.index

binlog_cache_size=4M

max_binlog_size=1G

max_binlog_cache_size=2G

sync_binlog= 0expire_logs_days= 90#replicate-wild-ignore-table=mysql.%replicate-wild-ignore-table=test.%replicate-wild-ignore-table=information_schema.%#relay log

skip_slave_start= 1max_relay_log_size=1G

relay_log_purge= 1relay_log_recovery= 1log_slave_updates

#slave-skip-errors=1032,1053,1062explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=1#buffers&cache

table_open_cache= 2048table_definition_cache= 2048table_open_cache= 2048max_heap_table_size=96M

sort_buffer_size=2M

join_buffer_size=2M

thread_cache_size= 256query_cache_size= 0query_cache_type= 0query_cache_limit=256K

query_cache_min_res_unit= 512thread_stack=192K

tmp_table_size=96M

key_buffer_size=8M

read_buffer_size=2M

read_rnd_buffer_size=16M

bulk_insert_buffer_size=32M

#myisam

myisam_sort_buffer_size=128M

myisam_max_sort_file_size=10G

myisam_repair_threads= 1#innodb

innodb_buffer_pool_size=10G

innodb_buffer_pool_instances= 1innodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:1G:autoextend

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit= 2innodb_log_buffer_size=64M

innodb_log_file_size=500M

innodb_log_files_in_group= 3innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct= 50innodb_file_per_table= 1innodb_rollback_on_timeout

innodb_status_file= 1innodb_io_capacity= 2000transaction_isolation= READ-COMMITTED

innodb_flush_method=O_DIRECT

gtid_mode=ON

enforce_gtid_consistency=ON

master_info_repository=TABLE

relay-log-info-repository =TABLE

binlog_checksum=NONE

log_slave_updates=ON

# Two-Master configure

#server-1auto-increment-offset = 1auto-increment-increment = 2#server-2#auto-increment-offset = 2#auto-increment-increment = 2# semisyncreplication settings #

plugin_dir= /usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin #官方版本的路徑

#plugin_dir= /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql/plugin

plugin_load= "rpl_semi_sync_master=semisync_master.so;rpl_semi_sync_slave=semisync_slave.so"#官方版本的路徑

#plugin_load= "validate_password.so;rpl_semi_sync_master=semisync_master.so;rpl_semi_sync_slave=semisync_slave.so"loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled=on

loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout= 5000loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_trace_level= 32loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_no_slave=on

loose_rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled=on

loose_rpl_semi_sync_slave_trace_level= 32loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled= 1loose_rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled= 1loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout= 5000loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_for_slave_count=1loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_point=AFTER_SYNC

slave_preserve_commit_order= 1slave_transaction_retries= 128log_timestamps=system

show_compatibility_56=on

slave_parallel_workers= 16slave_parallel_type=LOGICAL_CLOCK

loose_innodb_numa_interleave= 1innodb_buffer_pool_dump_pct= 40innodb_page_cleaners= 16innodb_undo_log_truncate= 1innodb_max_undo_log_size=2G

innodb_purge_rseg_truncate_frequency= 128#transaction_write_set_extraction=MURMUR32

# group replication

##log-bin =mysql

##server-id = 618306##gtid_mode=ON

##enforce_gtid_consistency=ON

##master_info_repository=TABLE

##relay-log-info-repository =TABLE

##binlog_checksum=NONE

##log_slave_updates=ON

##binlog_format=row

##transaction_write_set_extraction=XXHASH64

##loose-group_replication_group_name = '3db33b36-0e51-409f-a61d-c99756e90154'##loose-group_replication_start_on_boot =off

##loose-group_replication_local_address= "10.125.141.62:28306"# 不能超過5位數(shù)字

##loose-group_replication_group_seeds= "10.125.141.62:28306,10.125.141.62:23307,10.125.141.62:23308"# 不能超過5位數(shù)字

##loose-group_replication_bootstrap_group=off

# loose-group_replication_single_primary_mode=FALSE ###本次搭建的是mutil_mode

# loose-group_replication_enforce_update_everywhere_checks=TRUE

[mysqld_safe]

#malloc-lib=/usr/local/mysql/lib/jmalloc.sonice=-19open-files-limit=65535EOF

2.1.6、修改目錄權(quán)限

chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql/

2.1.7、初始化

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/my_8306.cnf --initialize-insecure &

2.1.8、啟動(dòng)

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/my_8306.cnf &

# ?推薦的啟動(dòng)方式

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/my_8306.cnf &

2.1.9、登陸方式

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p -P8306 -S /data/mysql/mysql_8306/tmp/mysql_8306.sock

或者

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -P8306 -S /data/mysql/mysql_8306/tmp/mysql_8306.sock

2.1.10、創(chuàng)建授權(quán)修改密碼

set sql_log_bin = 0;create user 'rpl_user'@'%';grant replication slave on *.* to 'rpl_user'@'%' identified by 'rpl_user2017';update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('root2017') where user='root';

flushprivileges;set sql_log_bin = 1;

reset master ; reset slaveall;

2.1.11、change master

CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.16.210.181',MASTER_USER='rpl_user',

MASTER_PASSWORD='rpl_user2017',MASTER_PORT=8306,

MASTER_CONNECT_RETRY=10,MASTER_AUTO_POSITION =1;

start slave;

show slave status\G;

2.1.12、設(shè)置快捷登陸方式

[root@my1 local]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config_editor set --host=localhost --login-path=8306_localhost_login \> --user=root --port=8306 --password --socket=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/tmp/mysql_8306.sock

Enter password:

[root@my1 local]#

# 查看/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config_editor print --all

[root@my1 local]# alias mysql.8306.login='/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/my_8306.cnf --login-path=8306_localhost_login'

2.1.13、快捷關(guān)閉數(shù)據(jù)庫

[root@my1 local]#alias mysql.8306.stop='/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin --login-path=8306_localhost_login shutdown'

2.1.14、加入備忘錄

[root@my1 ~]# cat >>/root/.bashrc <

alias mysql.8306.start='/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/my_8306.cnf &'alias mysql.8306.login='/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/my_8306.cnf --login-path=8306_localhost_login'alias mysql.8306.stop='/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin --login-path=8306_localhost_login shutdown'EOF

[root@my1~]# source /root/.bash_profile

2.1.15、備份腳本

[root@my1 ~]# cat /root/all_database.sh#!/bin/bash/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump --login-path=8306_localhost_login -R -E --triggers -e --max_allowed_packet=16777216 --net_buffer_length=16384 --master-data=2 --single-transaction --all-databases --quick | gzip >/root/all_database_bak_`date +%Y-%m-%d_%H_%M_%S`.sql.gz

[root@my1~]#

2.2、主機(jī)M2上的操作

2.2.1、安裝依賴包

yum -y groupinstall "Server Platform Development" "Development tools"

yum -y groupinstall "Development tools"

2.2.2、下載安裝

rm -rf /etc/my.cnfmkdir -p /opt/mysql

cd/opt/mysql/

wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

tar -zxf mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

cd/usr/local/

ln -s /opt/mysql/mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql

2.2.3、創(chuàng)建所需要的目錄

mkdir -p /data/mysql/mysql_8306/{data,logs,tmp}

2.2.4、更改權(quán)限

groupadd mysql

useradd-g mysql mysql -d /home/mysql -s /sbin/nologin

2.2.5、創(chuàng)建my.cnf

cat >/data/mysql/mysql_8306/my_8306.cnf <

#my.cnf

[client]

port= 8306socket= /data/mysql/mysql_8306/tmp/mysql_8306.sock

[mysql]

#prompt="\u@\h:\p \R:\m:\s [\d]>"#tee=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/data/query.log

#prompt="\u@\h:\p \R:\m:\s [\d]>"prompt= "[\u@\h][\d]>\_"connect_timeout= 5no-auto-rehash

[mysqld]

#misc

user=mysql

basedir= /usr/local/mysql

datadir= /data/mysql/mysql_8306/data

port= 8306socket= /data/mysql/mysql_8306/tmp/mysql_8306.sock

#timeout

interactive_timeout= 300wait_timeout= 300#character set

character-set-server =utf8

open_files_limit= 65535max_connections= 100max_connect_errors= 100000skip-name-resolve = 1#logs

log-output=fileslow_query_log= 1slow_query_log_file= /data/mysql/mysql_8306/logs/slow.log

log-error = /data/mysql/mysql_8306/logs/error.log

log_error_verbosity= 3pid-file =mysql.pid

long_query_time= 1#log-slow-admin-statements = 1#log-queries-not-using-indexes = 1log-slow-slave-statements = 1#tmp

tmpdir=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/tmp

event_scheduler= 1performance_schema=on

max_allowed_packet=32M

character_set_server=utf8mb4

#character_set_server=utf8

default-time-zone =system

default-storage-engine =InnoDB

#bind_address= 172.16.151.248explicit_defaults_for_timestamp= 1#binlog

binlog_format=row

server-id = 1818306log-bin = /data/mysql/mysql_8306/logs/mysql-bin

log-bin-index = /data/mysql/mysql_8306/logs/mysql-bin.index

binlog_cache_size=4M

max_binlog_size=1G

max_binlog_cache_size=2G

sync_binlog= 0expire_logs_days= 90#replicate-wild-ignore-table=mysql.%replicate-wild-ignore-table=test.%replicate-wild-ignore-table=information_schema.%#relay log

skip_slave_start= 1max_relay_log_size=1G

relay_log_purge= 1relay_log_recovery= 1log_slave_updates

#slave-skip-errors=1032,1053,1062explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=1#buffers&cache

table_open_cache= 2048table_definition_cache= 2048table_open_cache= 2048max_heap_table_size=96M

sort_buffer_size=2M

join_buffer_size=2M

thread_cache_size= 256query_cache_size= 0query_cache_type= 0query_cache_limit=256K

query_cache_min_res_unit= 512thread_stack=192K

tmp_table_size=96M

key_buffer_size=8M

read_buffer_size=2M

read_rnd_buffer_size=16M

bulk_insert_buffer_size=32M

#myisam

myisam_sort_buffer_size=128M

myisam_max_sort_file_size=10G

myisam_repair_threads= 1#innodb

innodb_buffer_pool_size=10G

innodb_buffer_pool_instances= 1innodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:1G:autoextend

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit= 2innodb_log_buffer_size=64M

innodb_log_file_size=500M

innodb_log_files_in_group= 3innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct= 50innodb_file_per_table= 1innodb_rollback_on_timeout

innodb_status_file= 1innodb_io_capacity= 2000transaction_isolation= READ-COMMITTED

innodb_flush_method=O_DIRECT

gtid_mode=ON

enforce_gtid_consistency=ON

master_info_repository=TABLE

relay-log-info-repository =TABLE

binlog_checksum=NONE

log_slave_updates=ON

# Two-Master configure

#server-1#auto-increment-offset = 1#auto-increment-increment = 2#server-2auto-increment-offset = 2auto-increment-increment = 2# semisyncreplication settings #

plugin_dir= /usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin #官方版本的路徑

#plugin_dir= /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql/plugin

plugin_load= "rpl_semi_sync_master=semisync_master.so;rpl_semi_sync_slave=semisync_slave.so"#官方版本的路徑

#plugin_load= "validate_password.so;rpl_semi_sync_master=semisync_master.so;rpl_semi_sync_slave=semisync_slave.so"loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled=on

loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout= 5000loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_trace_level= 32loose_rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_no_slave=on

loose_rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled=on

slave_preserve_commit_order= 1slave_transaction_retries= 128log_timestamps=system

show_compatibility_56=on

slave_parallel_workers= 16slave_parallel_type=LOGICAL_CLOCK

loose_innodb_numa_interleave= 1innodb_buffer_pool_dump_pct= 40innodb_page_cleaners= 16innodb_undo_log_truncate= 1innodb_max_undo_log_size=2G

innodb_purge_rseg_truncate_frequency= 128#transaction_write_set_extraction=MURMUR32

# group replication

##log-bin =mysql

##server-id = 618306##gtid_mode=ON

##enforce_gtid_consistency=ON

##master_info_repository=TABLE

##relay-log-info-repository =TABLE

##binlog_checksum=NONE

##log_slave_updates=ON

##binlog_format=row

##transaction_write_set_extraction=XXHASH64

##loose-group_replication_group_name = '3db33b36-0e51-409f-a61d-c99756e90154'##loose-group_replication_start_on_boot =off

##loose-group_replication_local_address= "10.125.141.62:28306"# 不能超過5位數(shù)字

##loose-group_replication_group_seeds= "10.125.141.62:28306,10.125.141.62:23307,10.125.141.62:23308"# 不能超過5位數(shù)字

##loose-group_replication_bootstrap_group=off

# loose-group_replication_single_primary_mode=FALSE ###本次搭建的是mutil_mode

# loose-group_replication_enforce_update_everywhere_checks=TRUE

[mysqld_safe]

#malloc-lib=/usr/local/mysql/lib/jmalloc.sonice=-19open-files-limit=65535EOF

2.2.6、修改目錄權(quán)限

chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql/

2.2.7、初始化

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/my_8306.cnf --initialize-insecure &

2.2.8、啟動(dòng)

# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/my_8306.cnf 推薦的啟動(dòng)方式/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/my_8306.cnf &

2.2.9、登陸方式

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p -P8306 -S /data/mysql/mysql_8306/tmp/mysql_8306.sock

或者/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -P8306 -S /data/mysql/mysql_8306/tmp/mysql_8306.sock

2.2.10、創(chuàng)建授權(quán)修改密碼

flushprivileges;set sql_log_bin = 1;

reset master ; reset slaveall;

2.2.11、change master

CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.16.210.180',MASTER_USER='rpl_user',

MASTER_PASSWORD='rpl_user2017',MASTER_PORT=8306,

MASTER_CONNECT_RETRY=10,MASTER_AUTO_POSITION =1;

start slave;

show slave status\G;

2.2.12、設(shè)置快捷登陸方式

[root@my2 local]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config_editor set --host=localhost --login-path=8306_localhost_login \> --user=root --port=8306 --password --socket=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/tmp/mysql_8306.sock

Enter password:

[root@my2 local]#

# 查看/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config_editor print --all

[root@my2 local]# alias mysql.8306.login='/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/my_8306.cnf --login-path=8306_localhost_login'

2.2.13、快捷關(guān)閉數(shù)據(jù)庫

[root@my2 local]#alias mysql.8306.stop='/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin --login-path=8306_localhost_login shutdown'

2.2.14、加入備忘錄

[root@my2 ~]# cat >>/root/.bashrc <

[root@my2~]# source /root/.bash_profile

2.2.15、備份腳本

[root@my2 ~]# cat /root/all_database.sh#!/bin/bash/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump --login-path=8306_localhost_login -R -E --triggers -e --max_allowed_packet=16777216 --net_buffer_length=16384 --master-data=2 --single-transaction --all-databases --quick | gzip >/root/all_database_bak_`date +%Y-%m-%d_%H_%M_%S`.sql.gz

[root@my2~]#

三、驗(yàn)證同步情況

3.1、在my1中操作

[root@my1 ~]# mysql.8306.login

Welcometo the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or\g.

Your MySQL connection idis 6Server version:5.7.20-logMySQL Community Server (GPL)

Oracleis a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/orits

affiliates. Other names may be trademarksoftheir respective

owners.

Type'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the currentinput statement.[root@localhost][(none)]>show databases;+--------------------+

| Database |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql |

| performance_schema |

| sys |

+--------------------+

4 rows in set (0.00sec)[root@localhost][(none)]> create databasedb1;

Query OK,1 row affected (0.01sec)[root@localhost][(none)]>show databases;+--------------------+

| Database |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| db1 |

| mysql |

| performance_schema |

| sys |

+--------------------+

5 rows in set (0.00sec)[root@localhost][(none)]>

[root@localhost][(none)]>show slave status\G;*************************** 1. row ***************************Slave_IO_State:

Master_Host:172.16.210.181Master_User: rpl_user

Master_Port:8306Connect_Retry:10Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001Read_Master_Log_Pos:150Relay_Log_File: my1-relay-bin.000003Relay_Log_Pos:4Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001Slave_IO_Running: Yes

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

Replicate_Do_DB:

Replicate_Ignore_DB:

Replicate_Do_Table:

Replicate_Ignore_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:

Last_Errno:0Last_Error:

Skip_Counter:0Exec_Master_Log_Pos:150Relay_Log_Space:721Until_Condition: None

Until_Log_File:

Until_Log_Pos:0Master_SSL_Allowed: No

Master_SSL_CA_File:

Master_SSL_CA_Path:

Master_SSL_Cert:

Master_SSL_Cipher:

Master_SSL_Key:

Seconds_Behind_Master:NULLMaster_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No

Last_IO_Errno:0Last_IO_Error:

Last_SQL_Errno:0Last_SQL_Error:

Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:

Master_Server_Id:0Master_UUID: d14b54b4-de49-11e7-96ea-8ae132e2dda2

Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info

SQL_Delay:0SQL_Remaining_Delay:NULLSlave_SQL_Running_State:

Master_Retry_Count:86400Master_Bind:

Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:

Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:

Master_SSL_Crl:

Master_SSL_Crlpath:

Retrieved_Gtid_Set:

Executed_Gtid_Set: ce20a632-de49-11e7-9587-c2c763ed137c:1Auto_Position:1Replicate_Rewrite_DB:

Channel_Name:

Master_TLS_Version:1 row in set (0.00sec)

ERROR:

No query specified[root@localhost][(none)]>

3.2、在my2中操作

[root@my2 local]# mysql.8306.login

Welcometo the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or\g.

Your MySQL connection idis 32Server version:5.7.20-logMySQL Community Server (GPL)

Oracleis a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/orits

affiliates. Other names may be trademarksoftheir respective

owners.

Type'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the currentinput statement.[root@localhost][(none)]>show databases;+--------------------+

| Database |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| db1 |

| mysql |

| performance_schema |

| sys |

+--------------------+

5 rows in set (0.00sec)[root@localhost][(none)]> create databasedb2;

Query OK,1 row affected (0.00sec)[root@localhost][(none)]>show slave status\G;*************************** 1. row ***************************Slave_IO_State: Waitingfor master tosend event

Master_Host:172.16.210.180Master_User: rpl_user

Master_Port:8306Connect_Retry:10Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003Read_Master_Log_Pos:303Relay_Log_File: my2-relay-bin.000003Relay_Log_Pos:508Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003Slave_IO_Running: Yes

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

Replicate_Do_DB:

Replicate_Ignore_DB:

Replicate_Do_Table:

Replicate_Ignore_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:

Last_Errno:0Last_Error:

Skip_Counter:0Exec_Master_Log_Pos:303Relay_Log_Space:910Until_Condition: None

Until_Log_File:

Until_Log_Pos:0Master_SSL_Allowed: No

Master_SSL_CA_File:

Master_SSL_CA_Path:

Master_SSL_Cert:

Master_SSL_Cipher:

Master_SSL_Key:

Seconds_Behind_Master:0Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No

Last_IO_Errno:0Last_IO_Error:

Last_SQL_Errno:0Last_SQL_Error:

Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:

Master_Server_Id:1808306Master_UUID: ce20a632-de49-11e7-9587-c2c763ed137c

Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info

SQL_Delay:0SQL_Remaining_Delay:NULLSlave_SQL_Running_State: Slave hasread all relay log; waiting formore updates

Master_Retry_Count:86400Master_Bind:

Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:

Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:

Master_SSL_Crl:

Master_SSL_Crlpath:

Retrieved_Gtid_Set: ce20a632-de49-11e7-9587-c2c763ed137c:1Executed_Gtid_Set: ce20a632-de49-11e7-9587-c2c763ed137c:1,

d14b54b4-de49-11e7-96ea-8ae132e2dda2:1Auto_Position:1Replicate_Rewrite_DB:

Channel_Name:

Master_TLS_Version:1 row in set (0.00sec)

ERROR:

No query specified

同步正常

四、同步故障處理舉例

# gtid故障處理

模擬在從庫刪除庫，然后再在主庫刪除該庫，報(bào)如下錯(cuò)誤

Last_SQL_Error: Error'Can't drop database 'db1'; database doesn't exist' on query. Default database: 'db1'. Query: 'drop database db1'Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:

Master_Server_Id:628306Master_UUID: 11526eb0-fcbc-11e6-af7d-005056b937e2

Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info

SQL_Delay:0SQL_Remaining_Delay:NULLSlave_SQL_Running_State:

Master_Retry_Count:86400Master_Bind:

Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:

Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:170227 15:44:06Master_SSL_Crl:

Master_SSL_Crlpath:

Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 11526eb0-fcbc-11e6-af7d-005056b937e2:1-2Executed_Gtid_Set: 11526eb0-fcbc-11e6-af7d-005056b937e2:1,

1760a7a5-fcbc-11e6-8f14-005056b90358:1Auto_Position:1Replicate_Rewrite_DB:

Channel_Name:

Master_TLS_Version:

處理方法：

stop slave;set gtid_next='11526eb0-fcbc-11e6-af7d-005056b937e2:2';begin;commit;set gtid_next='automatic';

start slave;

show slave status\G;

五、配置keeplived實(shí)現(xiàn)高可用

參考資料：

5.1、在my1中的操作

yum install -y pcre-devel openssl-devel popt-devel libnl-* libn*#安裝依賴包

# 將keepalived配置成系統(tǒng)服務(wù)wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.7.tar.gz

tar zxvf keepalived-1.2.7.tar.gz

cd keepalived-1.2.7./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalivedmake && make install

cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/

cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/

mkdir /etc/keepalived/

cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/

cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/

chmod +x /etc/init.d/keepalived

# server1cat >/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf <

global_defs {

# notification_email {

# test@sina.com

# }

# notification_email_from admin@test.com

# smtp_server127.0.0.1# smtp_connect_timeout30router_id MYSQL_HA18 #標(biāo)識(shí)，雙主相同

}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {

state BACKUP #兩臺(tái)都設(shè)置BACKUP

interface eth0

virtual_router_id18#主備相同

priority100#優(yōu)先級，backup設(shè)置90

advert_int1nopreempt #不主動(dòng)搶占資源，只在master這臺(tái)優(yōu)先級高的設(shè)置，backup不設(shè)置

authentication {

auth_type PASS

auth_pass1111}

virtual_ipaddress {172.16.210.183}

}

virtual_server172.16.210.183 8306{

delay_loop2#lb_algo rr #LVS算法，用不到，我們就關(guān)閉了

#lb_kind DR #LVS模式，如果不關(guān)閉，備用服務(wù)器不能通過VIP連接主MySQL

persistence_timeout50#同一IP的連接60秒內(nèi)被分配到同一臺(tái)真實(shí)服務(wù)器

protocol TCP

real_server172.16.210.180 8306{ #檢測本地mysql，backup也要寫檢測本地mysql

weight3notify_down/usr/local/keepalived/mysql.sh#當(dāng)mysq服down時(shí)，執(zhí)行此腳本，殺死keepalived實(shí)現(xiàn)切換

TCP_CHECK {

connect_timeout3#連接超時(shí)

nb_get_retry3#重試次數(shù)

delay_before_retry3#重試間隔時(shí)間

}

EOFcat >/usr/local/keepalived/mysql.sh <

#!/bin/bash

pkill keepalived

EOFchmod +x /usr/local/keepalived/mysql.sh

chmod +x /etc/init.d/keepalived/etc/init.d/keepalived start

5.2、在my2中的操作

yum install -y pcre-devel openssl-devel popt-devel libnl-* libn*#安裝依賴包

# 將keepalived配置成系統(tǒng)服務(wù)wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.7.tar.gz

tar zxvf keepalived-1.2.7.tar.gz

cd keepalived-1.2.7./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalivedmake && make install

cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/

cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/

mkdir /etc/keepalived/

cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/

cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/

chmod +x /etc/init.d/keepalived

# server2cat >/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf <

global_defs {

# notification_email {

# test@sina.com

# }

# notification_email_from admin@test.com

# smtp_server127.0.0.1# smtp_connect_timeout30router_id MYSQL_HA18 #標(biāo)識(shí)，雙主相同

}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {

state BACKUP #兩臺(tái)都設(shè)置BACKUP

interface eth0

virtual_router_id18#主備相同

priority90#優(yōu)先級，backup設(shè)置90

advert_int1#nopreempt #不主動(dòng)搶占資源，只在master這臺(tái)優(yōu)先級高的設(shè)置，backup不設(shè)置

authentication {

auth_type PASS

auth_pass1111}

virtual_ipaddress {172.16.210.183}

}

virtual_server172.16.210.183 8306{

delay_loop2#lb_algo rr #LVS算法，用不到，我們就關(guān)閉了

#lb_kind DR #LVS模式，如果不關(guān)閉，備用服務(wù)器不能通過VIP連接主MySQL

persistence_timeout50#同一IP的連接60秒內(nèi)被分配到同一臺(tái)真實(shí)服務(wù)器

protocol TCP

real_server172.16.210.181 8306{ #檢測本地mysql，backup也要寫檢測本地mysql

weight3notify_down/usr/local/keepalived/mysql.sh#當(dāng)mysq服down時(shí)，執(zhí)行此腳本，殺死keepalived實(shí)現(xiàn)切換

TCP_CHECK {

connect_timeout3#連接超時(shí)

nb_get_retry3#重試次數(shù)

delay_before_retry3#重試間隔時(shí)間

}

EOFcat >/usr/local/keepalived/mysql.sh <

#!/bin/bash

pkill keepalived

EOFchmod +x /usr/local/keepalived/mysql.sh

chmod +x /etc/init.d/keepalived/etc/init.d/keepalived start

六、測試高可用性

6.1、啟動(dòng)my1的keeplive服務(wù)

[root@my1 ~]# /etc/init.d/keepalived start

Starting keepalived: [ OK ]

[root@my1~]#

[root@my1~]# tail /var/log/messages

Dec12 15:12:46 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[13090]: IPVS: Service not defined

Dec12 15:12:46 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[13090]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...

Dec12 15:12:46 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[13090]: Activating healthchecker for service [172.16.210.180]:8306Dec12 15:12:46localhost kernel: IPVS: Scheduler module ip_vs_ not found

Dec12 15:12:50 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[13091]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE

Dec12 15:12:51 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[13091]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE

Dec12 15:12:51 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[13091]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.

Dec12 15:12:51 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[13091]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 172.16.210.183Dec12 15:12:51 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[13090]: Netlink reflector reports IP 172.16.210.183added

Dec12 15:12:56 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[13091]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 172.16.210.183[root@my1~]#

6.2、啟動(dòng)my2的keeplived服務(wù)

[root@my2 ~]# /etc/init.d/keepalived start

Starting keepalived: [ OK ]

[root@my2~]#

[root@my2~]# tail /var/log/messages

Dec12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[26719]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.

Dec12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[26719]: Configuration is using : 10232Bytes

Dec12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[26721]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...

Dec12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[26721]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE

Dec12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[26721]: VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(2), proto(112), fd(10,11)]

Dec12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[26719]: IPVS: Scheduler not found

Dec12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[26719]: IPVS: Service not defined

Dec12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[26719]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...

Dec12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[26719]: Activating healthchecker for service [172.16.210.181]:8306Dec12 15:15:02localhost kernel: IPVS: Scheduler module ip_vs_ not found

[root@my2~]#

6.3、關(guān)閉my1的mysql服務(wù)

[root@my1 ~]# ps -ef|grepmysql

root13119 10926 0 15:15 pts/0 00:00:00 grepmysql

root19296 1 0 Dec11 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/my_8306.cnf

mysql20709 19296 0 Dec11 ? 00:00:55 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/my_8306.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/logs/error.log --open-files-limit=65535 --pid-file=mysql.pid --socket=/data/mysql/mysql_8306/tmp/mysql_8306.sock --port=8306[root@my1~]# mysql.8306.stop

[root@my1~]# ps -ef|grepmysql

root13138 10926 0 15:18 pts/0 00:00:00 grepmysql

[root@my1~]#

# 查看my1的日志

[root@my1~]# tail -20 /var/log/messages

Dec12 15:12:46 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[13090]: IPVS: Service not defined

Dec12 15:12:46 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[13090]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...

Dec12 15:12:46 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[13090]: Activating healthchecker for service [172.16.210.180]:8306Dec12 15:12:46localhost kernel: IPVS: Scheduler module ip_vs_ not found

Dec12 15:12:50 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[13091]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE

Dec12 15:12:51 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[13091]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE

Dec12 15:12:51 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[13091]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.

Dec12 15:12:56 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[13091]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 172.16.210.183Dec12 15:18:34 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[13090]: TCP connection to [172.16.210.180]:8306 failed !!!Dec12 15:18:34 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[13090]: Removing service [172.16.210.180]:8306 from VS [172.16.210.183]:8306Dec12 15:18:34 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[13090]: IPVS: Service not defined

Dec12 15:18:34 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[13090]: Executing [/usr/local/keepalived/mysql.sh] for service [172.16.210.180]:8306 in VS [172.16.210.183]:8306Dec12 15:18:34 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[13090]: Lost quorum 1-0=1 > 0 for VS [172.16.210.183]:8306Dec12 15:18:34 localhost Keepalived[13089]: Stopping Keepalived v1.2.7 (12/12,2017)

Dec12 15:18:34 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[13091]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) sending 0priority

Dec12 15:18:34 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[13091]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs.

Dec12 15:18:34 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[13090]: Netlink reflector reports IP 172.16.210.183removed

Dec12 15:18:34 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[13090]: IPVS: No such service

[root@my1~]#

6.4、查看my2的日志及其vip情況

[root@my2 ~]# ip add1: lo: mtu 65536qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN

link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet127.0.0.1/8scope host lo

inet6 ::1/128scope host

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: eth0: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000link/ether 8a:e1:32:e2:dd:a2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet172.16.210.181/24 brd 172.16.210.255scope global eth0

inet172.16.210.183/32scope global eth0

inet6 fe80::88e1:32ff:fee2:dda2/64scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever3: eth1: mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN qlen 1000link/ether f6:da:a4:00:84:ccbrd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

[root@my2~]#

[root@my2~]# tail -30 /var/log/messages

Dec12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[26721]: No such interface, eth1

Dec12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[26721]: Netlink reflector reports IP 172.16.210.181added

Dec12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[26721]: Netlink reflector reports IP fe80::88e1:32ff:fee2:dda2 added

Dec12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[26721]: Registering Kernel netlink reflector

Dec12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[26721]: Registering Kernel netlink command channel

Dec12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[26721]: Registering gratuitous ARP shared channel

Dec12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[26719]: Interface queue is empty

Dec12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[26719]: No such interface, eth1

Dec12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[26719]: Netlink reflector reports IP 172.16.210.181added

Dec12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[26719]: Netlink reflector reports IP fe80::88e1:32ff:fee2:dda2 added

Dec12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[26719]: Registering Kernel netlink reflector

Dec12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[26719]: Registering Kernel netlink command channel

Dec12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[26721]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.

Dec12 15:15:02 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[26721]: Configuration is using : 61661Bytes