python封装类连接mysql数据_python操作mysql数据库基本类封装
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import MySQLdb as mdb
class MysqldbHelper(object):
"""操作mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫，基本方法
"""
def __init__(self , host="localhost", username="root", password="", port=3306, database="test"):
self.host = host
self.username = username
self.password = password
self.database = database
self.port = port
self.con = None
self.cur = None
try:
self.con = mdb.connect(host=self.host, user=self.username, passwd=self.password, port=self.port, db=self.database)
# 所有的查詢，都在連接 con 的一個模塊 cursor 上面運行的
self.cur = self.con.cursor()
except:
raise "DataBase connect error,please check the db config."
def close(self):
"""關閉數(shù)據(jù)庫連接
"""
if not self.con:
self.con.close()
else:
raise "DataBase doesn't connect,close connectiong error;please check the db config."
def closeCursor(self):
#關閉數(shù)據(jù)庫連接
if not ?self.cur:
self.cur.close()
else:
raise "DataBase doesn't connect,close cursor error;please check the db config."
def getVersion(self):
"""獲取數(shù)據(jù)庫的版本號
"""
self.cur.execute("SELECT VERSION()")
return self.getOneData()
def getOneData(self):
# 取得上個查詢的結果，是單個結果
data = self.cur.fetchone()
return data
def creatTable(self, tablename, attrdict, constraint):
"""創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫表
args：
tablename ：表名字
attrdict ：屬性鍵值對,{'book_name':'varchar(200) NOT NULL'...}
constraint ：主外鍵約束,PRIMARY KEY(`id`)
"""
if self.isExistTable(tablename):
return
sql = ''
sql_mid = '`id` bigint(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,'
for attr,value in attrdict.items():
sql_mid = sql_mid + '`'+attr + '`'+' '+ value+','
sql = sql + 'CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS %s ('%tablename
sql = sql + sql_mid
sql = sql + constraint
sql = sql + ') ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8'
print 'creatTable:'+sql
self.executeCommit(sql)
def executeSql(self,sql=''):
"""執(zhí)行sql語句，針對讀操作返回結果集
args：
sql ：sql語句
"""
try:
self.cur.execute(sql)
records = self.cur.fetchall()
return records
except mdb.Error,e:
error = 'MySQL execute failed! ERROR (%s): %s' %(e.args[0],e.args[1])
print error
def executeCommit(self,sql=''):
"""執(zhí)行數(shù)據(jù)庫sql語句，針對更新,刪除,事務等操作失敗時回滾
"""
try:
self.cur.execute(sql)
self.con.commit()
except mdb.Error, e:
self.con.rollback()
error = 'MySQL execute failed! ERROR (%s): %s' %(e.args[0],e.args[1])
print "error:", error
return error
def insert(self, tablename, params):
"""創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫表
args：
tablename ：表名字
key ：屬性鍵
value ：屬性值
"""
key = []
value = []
for tmpkey, tmpvalue in params.items():
key.append(tmpkey)
if isinstance(tmpvalue, str):
value.append("\'" + tmpvalue + "\'")
else:
value.append(tmpvalue)
attrs_sql = '('+','.join(key)+')'
values_sql = ' values('+','.join(value)+')'
sql = 'insert into %s'%tablename
sql = sql + attrs_sql + values_sql
print '_insert:'+sql
self.executeCommit(sql)
def select(self, tablename, cond_dict='', order='', fields='*'):
"""查詢數(shù)據(jù)
args：
tablename ：表名字
cond_dict ：查詢條件
order ：排序條件
example：
print mydb.select(table)
print mydb.select(table, fields=["name"])
print mydb.select(table, fields=["name", "age"])
print mydb.select(table, fields=["age", "name"])
"""
consql = ' '
if cond_dict!='':
for k, v in cond_dict.items():
consql = consql+k + '=' + v + ' and'
consql = consql + ' 1=1 '
if fields == "*":
sql = 'select * from %s where ' % tablename
else:
if isinstance(fields, list):
fields = ",".join(fields)
sql = 'select %s from %s where ' % (fields, tablename)
else:
raise "fields input error, please input list fields."
sql = sql + consql + order
print 'select:' + sql
return self.executeSql(sql)
def insertMany(self,table, attrs, values):
"""插入多條數(shù)據(jù)
args：
tablename ：表名字
attrs ：屬性鍵
values ：屬性值
example：
table='test_mysqldb'
key = ["id" ,"name", "age"]
value = [[101, "liuqiao", "25"], [102,"liuqiao1", "26"], [103 ,"liuqiao2", "27"], [104 ,"liuqiao3", "28"]]
mydb.insertMany(table, key, value)
"""
values_sql = ['%s' for v in attrs]
attrs_sql = '('+','.join(attrs)+')'
values_sql = ' values('+','.join(values_sql)+')'
sql = 'insert into %s'% table
sql = sql + attrs_sql + values_sql
print 'insertMany:'+sql
try:
print sql
for i in range(0,len(values),20000):
self.cur.executemany(sql,values[i:i+20000])
self.con.commit()
except mdb.Error,e:
self.con.rollback()
error = 'insertMany executemany failed! ERROR (%s): %s' %(e.args[0],e.args[1])
print error
def delete(self, tablename, cond_dict):
"""刪除數(shù)據(jù)
args：
tablename ：表名字
cond_dict ：刪除條件字典
example：
params = {"name" : "caixinglong", "age" : "38"}
mydb.delete(table, params)
"""
consql = ' '
if cond_dict!='':
for k, v in cond_dict.items():
if isinstance(v, str):
v = "\'" + v + "\'"
consql = consql + tablename + "." + k + '=' + v + ' and '
consql = consql + ' 1=1 '
sql = "DELETE FROM %s where%s" % (tablename, consql)
print sql
return self.executeCommit(sql)
def update(self, tablename, attrs_dict, cond_dict):
"""更新數(shù)據(jù)
args：
tablename ：表名字
attrs_dict ：更新屬性鍵值對字典
cond_dict ：更新條件字典
example：
params = {"name" : "caixinglong", "age" : "38"}
cond_dict = {"name" : "liuqiao", "age" : "18"}
mydb.update(table, params, cond_dict)
"""
attrs_list = []
consql = ' '
for tmpkey, tmpvalue in attrs_dict.items():
attrs_list.append("`" + tmpkey + "`" + "=" +"\'" + tmpvalue + "\'")
attrs_sql = ",".join(attrs_list)
print "attrs_sql:", attrs_sql
if cond_dict!='':
for k, v in cond_dict.items():
if isinstance(v, str):
v = "\'" + v + "\'"
consql = consql + "`" + tablename +"`." + "`" + k + "`" + '=' + v + ' and '
consql = consql + ' 1=1 '
sql = "UPDATE %s SET %s where%s" % (tablename, attrs_sql, consql)
print sql
return self.executeCommit(sql)
def dropTable(self, tablename):
"""刪除數(shù)據(jù)庫表
args：
tablename ：表名字
"""
sql = "DROP TABLE %s" % tablename
self.executeCommit(sql)
def deleteTable(self, tablename):
"""清空數(shù)據(jù)庫表
args：
tablename ：表名字
"""
sql = "DELETE FROM %s" % tablename
self.executeCommit(sql)
def isExistTable(self, tablename):
"""判斷數(shù)據(jù)表是否存在
args：
tablename ：表名字
Return:
存在返回True，不存在返回False
"""
sql = "select * from %s" % tablename
result = self.executeCommit(sql)
if result is None:
return True
else:
if re.search("doesn't exist", result):
return False
else:
return True
if __name__ == "__main__":
mydb = MysqldbHelper()
print mydb.getVersion()
table='test_mysqldb'
attrs={'name':'varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL','age':'int(11) DEFAULT NULL'}
constraint='PRIMARY KEY(`id`)'
print mydb.creatTable(table, attrs, constraint)
params = {"name" : "caixinglong", "age" : "38"}
mydb.insert('test_mysqldb', params)
print mydb.select(table)
print mydb.select(table, fields=["name", "age"])
print mydb.select(table, fields=["age", "name"])
key = ["id" ,"name", "age"]
value = [[101, "liuqiao", "25"], [102,"liuqiao1", "26"], [103 ,"liuqiao2", "27"], [104 ,"liuqiao3", "28"]]
mydb.insertMany(table, key, value)
mydb.delete(table, params)
cond_dict = {"name" : "liuqiao", "age" : "18"}
mydb.update(table, params, cond_dict)
# mydb.deleteTable(table)
# mydb.dropTable(table)
print mydb.select(table+ "1")
print mydb.isExistTable(table+ "1")
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