簡述

python連接微軟的sql server數據庫用的第三方模塊叫做pymssql（document：http://www.pymssql.org/en/stable/index.html）。在官方文檔可以看到，pymssql是基于_mssql模塊做的封裝，是為了遵守python的DBAPI規范接口. 兩者之間的關系如下圖：

1.使用pymssql連接sql server數據庫并實現數據庫基本操作(官方api http://www.pymssql.org/en/stable/ref/pymssql.html )

1）基本語法

importpymssql

server= "187.32.43.13" # 連接服務器地址user= "root"　　　　　　　　 # 連接帳號password= "1234"　　　　　　# 連接密碼conn= pymssql.connect(server, user, password, "連接默認數據庫名稱") #獲取連接

cursor=conn.cursor() # 獲取光標

# 創建表

cursor.execute("""IF OBJECT_ID('persons', 'U') IS NOT NULL

DROP TABLE persons

CREATE TABLE persons (

id INT NOT NULL,

name VARCHAR(100),

salesrep VARCHAR(100),

PRIMARY KEY(id)

)""")

# 插入多行數據

cursor.executemany("INSERT INTO persons VALUES (%d, %s, %s)",

[(1, 'John Smith', 'John Doe'),

(2, 'Jane Doe', 'Joe Dog'),

(3, 'Mike T.', 'Sarah H.')])#你必須調用 commit() 來保持你數據的提交如果你沒有將自動提交設置為true

conn.commit()

# 查詢數據

cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM persons WHERE salesrep=%s', 'John Doe')

# 遍歷數據（存放到元組中） 方式1

row=cursor.fetchone()whilerow:print("ID=%d, Name=%s" % (row[0], row[1]))

row=cursor.fetchone()

# 遍歷數據（存放到元組中） 方式2

for row in cursor:

print('row = %r' % (row,))

# 遍歷數據（存放到字典中）

# cursor = conn.cursor(as_dict=True)

#

# cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM persons WHERE salesrep=%s', 'John Doe')

# for row in cursor:

# print("ID=%d, Name=%s" % (row['id'], row['name']))

#

# conn.close()

# 關閉連接

conn.close()

# 注：在任何時候，在一個連接下，一次正在執行的數據庫操作只會出現一個cursor對象

2）同時，如果你可以使用另一種語法：with 來避免手動關閉cursors和connection連接

importpymssql

server= "187.32.43.13" #連接服務器地址

user = "root"　　　　　　　　 #連接帳號

password = "1234"　　　　　　#連接密碼

with pymssql.connect(server, user, password,"你的連接默認數據庫名稱") as conn:

with conn.cursor(as_dict=True) as cursor: #數據存放到字典中

cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM persons WHERE salesrep=%s', 'John Doe')for row incursor:print("ID=%d, Name=%s" % (row['id'], row['name']))

3）調用存儲過程：

with pymssql.connect(server, user, password, "tempdb") as conn:

with conn.cursor(as_dict=True) as cursor:

cursor.execute("""CREATE PROCEDURE FindPerson

@name VARCHAR(100)

AS BEGIN

SELECT * FROM persons WHERE name = @name

END""")

cursor.callproc('FindPerson', ('Jane Doe',))for row incursor:print("ID=%d, Name=%s" % (row['id'], row['name']))

2.使用_mssql連接sql server數據庫并實現操作（官方api http://www.pymssql.org/en/stable/ref/_mssql.html）

1）基本語法：

import_mssql#創建連接

conn = _mssql.connect(server='SQL01', user='user', password='password', \

database='mydatabase')

print(conn.timeout)

print(conn.login_timeout)#創建table

conn.execute_non_query('CREATE TABLE persons(id INT, name VARCHAR(100))')#insert數據

conn.execute_non_query("INSERT INTO persons VALUES(1, 'John Doe')")

conn.execute_non_query("INSERT INTO persons VALUES(2, 'Jane Doe')")#查詢操作

conn.execute_query('SELECT * FROM persons WHERE salesrep=%s', 'John Doe')for row inconn:print "ID=%d, Name=%s" % (row['id'], row['name'])#查詢數量count()

numemployees = conn.execute_scalar("SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employees")#查詢一條數據

employeedata = conn.execute_row("SELECT * FROM employees WHERE id=%d", 13)#帶參數查詢的幾個例子：

conn.execute_query('SELECT * FROM empl WHERE id=%d', 13)

conn.execute_query('SELECT * FROM empl WHERE name=%s', 'John Doe')

conn.execute_query('SELECT * FROM empl WHERE id IN (%s)', ((5, 6),))

conn.execute_query('SELECT * FROM empl WHERE name LIKE %s', 'J%')

conn.execute_query('SELECT * FROM empl WHERE name=%(name)s AND city=%(city)s', \

{'name': 'John Doe', 'city': 'Nowhere'} )

conn.execute_query('SELECT * FROM cust WHERE salesrep=%s AND id IN (%s)', \

('John Doe', (1, 2, 3)))

conn.execute_query('SELECT * FROM empl WHERE id IN (%s)', (tuple(xrange(4)),))

conn.execute_query('SELECT * FROM empl WHERE id IN (%s)', \

(tuple([3, 5, 7, 11]),))#關閉連接

conn.close()

pymssql托管在Github上：https://github.com/pymssql

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