1.Linux中軟件包的類型

1.DEB #UBlinux DEBlinux

2.RPM #redhat centOS fc

3.bz2|gz|xz #1.需要源碼安裝需要編譯
#2.綠色軟件，直接可用
#ntfs-3g_ntfsprogs-2017.3.23.tgz 需要編譯 “configure”
#Firefox-latest-x86_64.tar.bz2 綠色

“注意在rhel8中只能使用綠色軟件，源碼編譯軟件和rpm軟件”

2.軟件包的名稱結構

[dhcp-server]-[4.3.6-30].[el8].[x86_64].[rpm]1 2 3 4 51.軟件名稱 2.軟件版本 3.軟件的授權協議版本 4.軟件架構 5.軟件類型后綴

3.rpm命令管理軟件包

rpm

命令功能

-ivh	安裝參數組合-i install -v verbose -h hash
-a	所有
-f	文件
-p	軟件包
-q	查詢
-l	軟件安裝文件列表
-e	卸載
-c	配置文件
-d	說明
–info	軟件信息
–force	強制
–nodeps	忽略依賴性 但有些軟件包即使忽略依賴性安裝成功，也無法使用
–scripts	查詢軟件在安裝或卸載過程中的運行腳本
-Kv	檢測軟件md5校驗碼
-V	檢測已安裝軟件在系統中的文件被修改信息

[root@foundation50 ~]# rpm -qa 查詢系統中所有安裝的軟件名字 python3-pycparser-2.14-14.el8.noarch startup-notification-0.12-15.el8.x86_64 python3-meh-0.47.2-1.el8.noarch cryptsetup-libs-2.2.2-1.el8.x86_64 sg3_utils-1.44-5.el8.x86_64 liberation-fonts-common-2.00. [root@foundation50 ~]# which qq 查詢qq存放的位置 /usr/local/bin/qq [root@foundation50 ~]# rm -fr /usr/local/bin/qq 若誤刪qq存放的文件 [root@foundation50 ~]# rpm -qf /usr/local/bin/qq -qf可以查詢文件對應的是那個安裝包 linuxqq-2.0.0-b2.x86_64 [root@foundation50 Downloads]# rpm -ivh linuxqq_2.0.0-b2-1089_x86_64.rpm 重新安裝qq報錯，顯示已經安裝 Verifying... ################################# [100%] Preparing... ################################# [100%]package linuxqq-2.0.0-b2.x86_64 is already installed [root@foundation50 Downloads]# rpm -ivh linuxqq_2.0.0-b2-1089_x86_64.rpm --force 需要強制安裝 后面跟--force 就表示強制安裝 Verifying... ################################# [100%] Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1:linuxqq-2.0.0-b2 ################################# [100%] 注意：一般需要用到強制安裝就是已經安裝過了，需要再一次安裝 [root@foundation50 Downloads]# rpm -qp linuxqq_2.0.0-b2-1089_x86_64.rpm -qp查詢軟件安裝包 ，安裝 linuxqq-2.0.0-b2.x86_64 [root@foundation50 Downloads]# rpm -q linuxqq_2.0.0-b2-1089_x86_64.rpm 不加p也可以 ，未安裝的軟件包也可以查詢 linuxqq-2.0.0-b2.x86_64 [root@foundation50 Downloads]# rpm -ql linuxqq_2.0.0-b2-1089_x86_64.rpm 查詢軟件安裝文件列表，沒有安裝也可以查詢 /usr/local/bin /usr/local/bin/crashpad_handler /usr/local/bin/qq /usr/local/lib/tencent-qq /usr/local/share/tencent-qq /usr/local/share/tencent-qq/CHANGELOG.txt /usr/local/share/tencent-qq/credits.html /usr/local/share/tencent-qq/qq.png /usr/local/share/tencent-qq/res.db /usr/share/applications/qq.desktop [root@foundation50 Downloads]# rpm -qi linuxqq_2.0.0-b2-1089_x86_64.rpm 查詢軟件信息 或者加 --info，如下 [root@foundation50 Downloads]# rpm -q linuxqq_2.0.0-b2-1089_x86_64.rpm --info 查詢軟件信 Name : linuxqq Version : 2.0.0 Release : b2 Architecture: x86_64 Install Date: (not installed) Group : Unspecified Size : 36250379 License : Commercial Signature : (none) Source RPM : linuxqq-2.0.0-b2.src.rpm Build Date : Thu 18 Mar 2021 09:16:51 AM CST Build Host : fengfuliu1556250928808-0.fengfuliu1556250928808.default.svc.cluster.local Relocations : /usr/local Packager : Tencent <support@tencent.com> Vendor : Tencent Inc. URL : https://im.qq.com/linuxqq Summary : QQ for linux Description : 騰訊QQ Linux版本。 [root@foundation50 Downloads]# rpm -e linuxqq 卸載軟件 [root@foundation50 Downloads]# rpm -qc openssh-server 查詢軟件的配置文件 /etc/pam.d/sshd /etc/ssh/sshd_config /etc/sysconfig/sshd [root@foundation50 Downloads]# rpm -qd openssh-server 查詢軟件的說明 /usr/share/man/man5/moduli.5.gz /usr/share/man/man5/sshd_config.5.gz /usr/share/man/man8/sftp-server.8.gz /usr/share/man/man8/sshd.8.gz [root@foundation50 pub]# rpm -ivh google-chrome-stable-49.0.2623.108-1.x86_64.rpm --nodeps 谷歌瀏覽器有很多依賴性， --nodeps 表示忽略依賴性安裝 [root@foundation50 pub]# rpm -qp google-chrome-stable-49.0.2623.108-1.x86_64.rpm --scripts 查詢軟件在安裝或卸載過程中的運行腳本 preinstall scriptlet (using /bin/sh): 安裝前干的事情exit 0#------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Post install script 安裝后干的事情 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ postinstall scriptlet (using /bin/sh): # Add icons to the system icons XDG_ICON_RESOURCE="`which xdg-icon-resource 2> /dev/null || true`" if [ ! -x "$XDG_ICON_RESOURCE" ]; then 。。。。。 [root@foundation50 mnt]# rpm -Kv linuxqq_2.0.0-b2-1089_x86_64.rpm 檢測軟件md5校驗碼,校驗碼都是ok的，說明軟件沒有被串改 linuxqq_2.0.0-b2-1089_x86_64.rpm:Header SHA1 digest: OK jMD5 digest: OK [root@foundation50 mnt]# echo westos >> linuxqq_2.0.0-b2-1089_x86_64.rpm 軟件包被串改 [root@foundation50 mnt]# rpm -Kv linuxqq_2.0.0-b2-1089_x86_64.rpm linuxqq_2.0.0-b2-1089_x86_64.rpm:Header SHA1 digest: OKPayload SHA256 digest: NOTFOUND 檢測不ok，說明軟件被傳改過MD5 digest: BAD (Expected 0f1b878b71b988a16eb3017a041c583a != a994652b824907d2037e57c0f7cb8cd2) [root@foundation50 mnt]# rpm -V linuxqq 檢測已安裝軟件在系統中的文件是否被修改 [root@foundation50 mnt]# echo westos >> /usr/local/bin/qq 修改qq的文件 [root@foundation50 mnt]# rpm -V linuxqq S.5....T. /usr/local/bin/qq 顯示文件被修改過

4 、本地軟件倉庫的搭建

系統軟件倉庫的作用：在系統中對軟件進行管理，rpm命令是不能解決依賴關系的，如果需要軟件在安裝過程中自動解決依賴關系，需要搭建系統軟件倉庫，就像手機商店一樣

搭建方法

1、下載系統安裝時所需的安裝鏡像[root@foundation50 isos]# ls rhel-8.2-x86_64-dvd.iso 鏡像里有官方準備的安裝包，若想查看者需要掛載到目錄里，通過目錄查看鏡像里面的內容 2、建立目錄 [root@foundation50 isos]# mkdir /westos 3、掛載 [root@foundation50 isos]# mount rhel-8.2-x86_64-dvd.iso /westos/ 掛載鏡像 mount: /westos: WARNING: device write-protected, mounted read-only. [root@foundation50 isos]# df 查看是否掛載好 Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on devtmpfs 6054996 0 6054996 0% /dev tmpfs 6085392 141976 5943416 3% /dev/shm tmpfs 6085392 18252 6067140 1% /run tmpfs 6085392 0 6085392 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/mapper/rhel_foundation50-root 307230136 77438184 229791952 26% / /dev/sda6 1038336 213064 825272 21% /boot /dev/sda2 98304 31279 67025 32% /boot/efi tmpfs 1217076 12 1217064 1% /run/user/42 tmpfs 1217076 24 1217052 1% /run/user/1000 /dev/loop0 8238560 8238560 0 100% /westos [root@foundation50 isos]# cd /westos/ q切換到westos [root@foundation50 westos]# ls 可以看到鏡像里面的內容 AppStream EULA images RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-beta BaseOS extra_files.json isolinux RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release EFI GPL media.repo TRANS.TBL

AppStream中是一些應用軟件 BaseOS中是一些內核等軟件 在安裝軟件的時候有一些依賴性，不確定依賴性在哪個庫中，所以在搭建本地軟件倉庫的時候，兩個庫都寫

4、編寫軟件倉庫文件

[root@foundation50 westos]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ 倉庫文件指向目錄 [root@foundation50 yum.repos.d]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/westos.repo將編寫的文件放在倉庫文件指向目錄中，并且文件的結尾必須是以repo結尾否則不識別 [ AppStream] ##倉庫名稱 應用軟件 name=AppStream ##描述 baseurl=file:///westos/AppStream ##f訪問軟件存放目錄地址 /westos 為自己掛載鏡像目錄 gpgcheck=0 ##等于0不檢測gpgkey（跳過授權檢測） =1：等于1檢測，此時需要gpgkey gpgkey=/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release ### 去檢測軟件是不是官方授權的[BaseOS]###系統的核心：函數庫，內核 name=BaseOS baseurl=file:///westos/BaseOS gpgcheck=0 enable=1 ###表示啟用此庫 默認為1 =0：不啟用此庫[root@foundation50 yum.repos.d]# dnf clean all 將系統中以及讀取過軟件倉庫的信息清理掉 Updating Subscription Management repositories. Unable to read consumer identity This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. 25 files removed [root@foundation50 yum.repos.d]# cd /var/cache/dnf/ 清除的就是這個目錄里的文件 [root@foundation50 dnf]# ls AppStream-4002311a1f8f0602 BaseOS-e603ff569954d031 last_makecache AppStream-b0777c5f74c3405e commandline-a76fe31ae310b0c7 packages.db AppStream-ea34aa398f56f4f0 expired_repos.json rhel8-30c83ab4ec6321af BaseOS-5c5271346fadac6f google-chrome-eb0d6f10ccbdafba tempfiles.json BaseOS-68a81d68eef9cce1 kolourpaint-a4a8f194f7fcf618 [root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf list gcc 列出gcc軟件 Updating Subscription Management repositories. Unable to read consumer identity This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. AppStream 32 MB/s | 5.8 MB 00:00 BaseOS 26 MB/s | 2.3 MB 00:00 Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Wed 25 Aug 2021 10:51:59 PM CST. Installed Packages gcc.x86_64 8.3.1-5.el8 @AppStream 發現已經有了gcc軟件包 [root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf install gcc -y 此時就可以安裝gcc Updating Subscription Management repositories. Unable to read consumer identity This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. Last metadata expiration check: 0:02:44 ago on Wed 25 Aug 2021 10:51:59 PM CST. Package gcc-8.3.1-5.el8.x86_64 is already installed. Dependencies resolved. Nothing to do. Complete!

5.網絡軟件倉庫的搭建

在企業中，我們維護的系統數量龐大，
當我們需要在每個系統安裝軟件管理軟件時
可以在每個系統中各自搭建軟件倉庫
但是這樣管理軟件會浪費大量的資源
如何節省這部分重復的資源
需要把大家都要使用的資源共享到互聯網中
這樣大家就可以利用網絡訪問資源，不需要在每一臺 主機中獨立建立軟件資源了。

搭建方法：
1、利用鏡像搭建系統本地倉庫，（如上）
2、安裝共享軟件

共享方式http:// 超文本傳輸協議 提供此協議的軟件 Apache 軟件包名稱 httpd 共享位置 /var/www/html Apache默認發布目錄 安裝命令 dnf install httpd -y

3.啟用共享軟件Apache

systemctl disable --now firewalld 關閉火墻systemctl enable --now httpd ###設置httpd開機自啟動

4.建立共享目錄

mkdir /var/www/html/westos

5.掛在景象到共享目錄

先卸載掉之前的掛載 umount /westos 掛載：mount /xxxxxxx.iso /var/www/html/westos當鏡像在系統中存在時 mount /dev/cdrom /var/www/html/westos 不存在鏡像時可使用光驅讀取鏡像

vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local 在開機時自動掛載

mount /isos/rhel-8.2-x86_64-dvd.iso /var/www/html/westos chmod +X /etc/rc.d/rc.local ##給予可執行權力

6.在遠程主機westos_linux中訪問資源并書寫repo文件 ##也可以直接在本地測試

vim /etc/yum.repos.d/westos.repo 軟件倉庫指向目錄 ，文件必須以repo結尾 [AppStream] name=AppStream baseurl=http://172.25.254.50/westos/AppStream/ 172.25.254.50未共享主機的ip gpgcheck=0[BaseOS] name=BaseOS baseurl=http://172.25.254.50/westos/BaseOS/ gpgcheck=0

6.dnf 軟件管理命令

dnf

命令功能

repolist	列出倉庫信息
clean all	清除系統中已經加載的倉庫緩存信息
list all	列出所有軟件
list available	列出未安裝軟件
list installed	列出已安裝軟件
install	安裝
remove	卸載
reinstall	重新安裝
search	搜索
whatprovides	搜索包含文件的軟件包
history	dnf執行歷史
history info	dnf執行歷史詳細信息
group list	列出軟件組
group list --installed	列出已安裝軟件組
group list --available	列出未安裝軟件組
group list --hidden	列出隱藏軟件案組
group install	安裝軟件組
group info	查看軟件組信息

[root@foundation50 yum.repos.d]# dnf repolist 列出倉庫軟件信息 Updating Subscription Management repositories. Unable to read consumer identity This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. repo id repo name AppStream AppStream BaseOS BaseOS [root@foundation50 yum.repos.d]# cd /var/cache/dnf/ 以加載的倉庫信息文件 [root@foundation50 dnf]# ls AppStream-4002311a1f8f0602 BaseOS-5a0b07a03f07bb81 google-chrome-eb0d6f10ccbdafba AppStream-66c7d678d2cb8d44 BaseOS-5c5271346fadac6f kolourpaint-a4a8f194f7fcf618 AppStream-b0777c5f74c3405e BaseOS-68a81d68eef9cce1 last_makecache AppStream-ea34aa398f56f4f0 BaseOS-e603ff569954d031 packages.db AppStream-edd56422de0841bf BaseOS-filenames.solvx rhel8-30c83ab4ec6321af AppStream-filenames.solvx BaseOS.solv tempfiles.json AppStream.solv commandline-a76fe31ae310b0c7 BaseOS-380ca80269784dd9 expired_repos.json [root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf clean all 清除以加載的倉庫信息文件 Updating Subscription Management repositories. Unable to read consumer identity This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. 20 files removed [root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf list all 列出所有軟件 Updating Subscription Management repositories. Unable to read consumer identity This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. Last metadata expiration check: 0:05:06 ago on Thu 26 Aug 2021 11:17:04 AM CST. Installed Packages GConf2.x86_64 3.2.6-22.el8 @AppStream ModemManager.x86_64 1.10.8-2.el8 @anaconda ModemManager-glib.x86_64 1.10.8-2.el8 @anaconda NetworkManager.x86_64 1:1.22.8-4.el8 @anaconda NetworkManager-adsl.x86_64 1:1.22.8-4.el8 @anaconda NetworkManager-bluetooth.x86_64 1:1.22.8-4.el8 @anaconda NetworkManager-config-server.noarch 1:1.22.8-4.el8 @anaconda NetworkManager-libnm.x86_64 1:1.22.8-4.el8 @anaconda NetworkManager-team.x86_64 1:1.22.8-4.el8 @anaconda 。。。。。。。。 [root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf list available 列出未安裝軟件 yp-tools.x86_64 4.2.3-1.el8 AppStream ypbind.x86_64 3:2.5-2.el8 AppStream ypserv.x86_64 4.0-6.20170331git5bfba76.el8 AppStream yum-utils.noarch 4.0.12-3.el8 BaseOS zlib.i686 1.2.11-13.el8 BaseOS zlib-devel.i686 1.2.11-13.el8 BaseOS zlib-devel.x86_64 1.2.11-13.el8 BaseOS zsh.x86_64 5.5.1-6.el8_1.2 BaseOS [root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf list installed 列出已安裝軟件 xorg-x11-xinit-session.x86_64 1.3.4-18.el8 @AppStream xorg-x11-xkb-utils.x86_64 7.7-27.el8 @AppStream xz.x86_64 5.2.4-3.el8 @anaconda xz-libs.x86_64 5.2.4-3.el8 @anaconda yajl.x86_64 2.1.0-10.el8 @AppStream yelp.x86_64 2:3.28.1-3.el8 @AppStream yelp-libs.x86_64 2:3.28.1-3.el8 @AppStream yelp-tools.noarch 3.28.0-3.el8 @AppStream [root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf remove gcc 卸載軟件 [root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf reinstall gcc -y 安裝過的軟件要重新安裝需要用reinstall [root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf search httpd 通過關鍵字搜索軟件 Updating Subscription Management repositories. Unable to read consumer identity This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. Last metadata expiration check: 0:19:00 ago on Thu 26 Aug 2021 11:17:04 AM CST. ================================== Name Exactly Matched: httpd =================================== httpd.x86_64 : Apache HTTP Server ================================= Name & Summary Matched: httpd ================================== redhat-logos-httpd.noarch : Red Hat-related icons and pictures used by httpd keycloak-httpd-client-install.noarch : Tools to configure Apache HTTPD as Keycloak client [root@foundation50 dnf]# rm -fr /bin/ls 刪除了ls軟件所在文件 [root@foundation50 dnf]# ls bash: /usr/bin/ls: No such file or directory [root@foundation50 dnf]# rpm -qf /bin/ls 可以用rpm命令查看是那個安裝包 coreutils-8.30-6.el8.x86_64 [root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf whatprovides /bin/ls dnf命令查看需要用 whatprovides Updating Subscription Management repositories. Unable to read consumer identity This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. Last metadata expiration check: 0:22:40 ago on Thu 26 Aug 2021 11:17:04 AM CST. coreutils-8.30-6.el8.x86_64 : A set of basic GNU tools commonly used in shell scripts Repo : @System Matched from: Provide : /bin/ls [root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf reinstall coreutils-8.30-6.el8.x86_64 -y 進行重新安裝，ls命令就可以用了 [root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf history dnf執行的歷史記錄 Updating Subscription Management repositories. Unable to read consumer identity This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. ID | Command line | Date and time | Action(s) | Altered -------------------------------------------------------------------------------15 | reinstall coreutils-8.30 | 2021-08-26 11:40 | R | 2 14 | reinstall gcc | 2021-08-26 11:33 | R | 2 13 | install gcc -y | 2021-08-26 11:32 | Install | 7 12 | remove gcc | 2021-08-26 11:30 | Removed | 7 11 | install gcc -y | 2021-08-26 11:00 | Install | 1 <10 | install httpd -y | 2021-08-26 10:50 | Install | 9 > 9 | erase httpd | 2021-08-26 10:50 | Removed | 9 EE [root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf history info 12 查看dnf執行的歷史詳細信息 Updating Subscription Management repositories. Unable to read consumer identity This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. Transaction ID : 12 Begin time : Thu 26 Aug 2021 11:30:32 AM CST Begin rpmdb : 1481:fcd53e2f43d907ff7a8c4af7ab86e6b003c1d2f3 End time : Thu 26 Aug 2021 11:30:37 AM CST (5 seconds) End rpmdb : 1474:7b30c951e73b3fd01189a19cd950283a7b2577ac User : <westos> Return-Code : Success Releasever : 8 Command Line : remove gcc Packages Altered:Removed cpp-8.3.1-5.el8.x86_64 @@SystemRemoved gcc-8.3.1-5.el8.x86_64 @@SystemRemoved glibc-devel-2.28-101.el8.x86_64 @@SystemRemoved glibc-headers-2.28-101.el8.x86_64 @@SystemRemoved isl-0.16.1-6.el8.x86_64 @@SystemRemoved kernel-headers-4.18.0-193.el8.x86_64 @@SystemRemoved libxcrypt-devel-4.1.1-4.el8.x86_64 @@Syste [root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf group list 列出軟件組 Updating Subscription Management repositories. Unable to read consumer identity This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. Last metadata expiration check: 2:57:21 ago on Thu 26 Aug 2021 12:06:20 PM CST. Available Environment Groups:ServerMinimal InstallWorkstationVirtualization HostCustom Operating System Installed Environment Groups:Server with GUI Installed Groups:Container Management [root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf group list --installed 列出已安裝的軟件組 Updating Subscription Management repositories. Unable to read consumer identity This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. Last metadata expiration check: 0:02:52 ago on Thu 26 Aug 2021 03:06:31 PM CST. Installed Environment Groups:Server with GUI Installed Groups:Container ManagementHeadless Management [root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf group list --available 列出未安裝的軟件組 Updating Subscription Management repositories. Unable to read consumer identity This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. Last metadata expiration check: 0:03:38 ago on Thu 26 Aug 2021 03:06:31 PM CST. Available Environment Groups:ServerMinimal InstallWorkstationVirtualization HostCustom Operating System [root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf group list --hidden 列出隱藏的軟件組 Updating Subscription Management repositories. Unable to read consumer identity This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. Last metadata expiration check: 0:06:59 ago on Thu 26 Aug 2021 03:06:31 PM CST. Available Environment Groups:ServerMinimal InstallWorkstationVirtualization HostCustom Operating System [root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf group info "Virtualization Client" 查看虛擬化軟件組的信息 Updating Subscription Management repositories. Unable to read consumer identity This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. Last metadata expiration check: 0:12:50 ago on Thu 26 Aug 2021 03:06:31 PM CST.Group: Virtualization ClientDescription: Clients for installing and managing virtualization instances.Mandatory Packages:gnome-boxesvirt-installvirt-managervirt-viewerDefault Packages:virt-topOptional Packages:libguestfs-inspect-iconslibguestfs-toolslibguestfs-tools-c [root@foundation50 dnf]# dnf group install "Virtualization Client" 安裝虛擬化軟件組 Updating Subscription Management repositories. Unable to read consumer identity This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. Last metadata expiration check: 0:16:37 ago on Thu 26 Aug 2021 03:06:31 PM CST. Dependencies resolved. ==================================================================================================Package Architecture Version Repository Size ================================================================================================== Installing Groups:Virtualization Client Transaction Summary ==================================================================================================Is this ok [y/N]: y Complete!

自己電腦能上網的兩條命令

[root@foundation50 isos]# ip route add default via 172.25.254.250 enp4s0f1 加一個網關 [root@foundation50 isos]# vim /etc/resolv.conf [root@foundation50 isos]# cat /etc/resolv.conf nameserver 114.114.114.114

7.網絡源epel(可以下載系統里面沒有的軟件,如flameshot,pingyin)

[root@foundation50 yum.repos.d]# vim westos.repo [aliyunrepo] name=aliyunrepo baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/8/Everything/x86_64/ 阿里云鏡像 gpgcheck=0 [aliyunrepo] name=aliyunrepo baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/8/Everything/x86_64/ gpgcheck=0[AppStream] 加上系統本地源,倉庫就全了 name=AppStream baseurl=http://172.25.254.50/westos/AppStream gpgcheck=0[BaseOS] name=BaseOS baseurl=http://172.25.254.50/westos/BaseOS gpgcheck=0 [root@foundation50 yum.repos.d]# dnf search flameshot 搜索flameshot Updating Subscription Management repositories. Unable to read consumer identity This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. Last metadata expiration check: 0:02:14 ago on Thu 26 Aug 2021 04:32:58 PM CST. ================================ Name Exactly Matched: flameshot ================================= flameshot.x86_64 : Powerful and simple to use screenshot software [root@foundation50 yum.repos.d]# dnf install flameshot -y 下載

8 、java的安裝

[root@foundation50 Desktop]# dnf install java-11-openjdk.x86_64 java-11-openjdk-devel.x86_64 -y 安裝java兩個安裝包 [root@foundation50 Desktop]# vim /etc/profile.d/java.sh 配置系統環境 export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jre-openjdk export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME:/bin export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools,jar [root@foundation50 Desktop]# vim westos.java 寫java代碼 public class westos{ public static void main(string args[]){ System.out.println("hello westos"); } } [root@foundation50 Desktop]# javac westos.java 編譯 [root@foundation50 Desktop]# java westos java部署成功 hello westos

10 、下載軟件安裝包

下載yum工具包

[root@foundation50 Desktop]# dnf install yum-utils.noarch -y

把httpd安裝包下載到當前目錄

[root@foundation50 Desktop]# yumdownloader httpd Updating Subscription Management repositories. Unable to read consumer identity This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. Last metadata expiration check: 5:46:44 ago on Thu 26 Aug 2021 04:56:45 PM CST. httpd-2.4.37-21.module+el8.2.0+5008+cca404a3.x86_64.rpm

下載httpd安裝包到指定的mnt當中

[root@foundation50 Desktop]# yumdownloader httpd --destdir=/mnt Updating Subscription Management repositories. Unable to read consumer identity This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. Last metadata expiration check: 5:49:12 ago on Thu 26 Aug 2021 04:56:45 PM CST. httpd-2.4.37-21.module+el8.2.0+5008+cca404a3.x86_64.rpm [root@foundation50 Desktop]# ls /mnt/ httpd-2.4.37-21.module+el8.2.0+5008+cca404a3.x86_64.rpm

下載軟件包并下載依賴性

[root@foundation50 Desktop]# yumdownloader httpd --destdir=/mnt --resolv

11.第三方軟件倉庫的搭建方法

官方為什么能讀取文件里的軟件包，而自己建立的目錄放入軟件包不能讀取，因為缺少repodata/數據目錄，repodata目錄里面有軟件元數據信息，例如軟件名、依賴性等屬性信息，官方是識別repodata里面數據，而不是識別軟件本身
如何實現第三方軟件倉庫搭建，如下步驟：
##步驟##

1.建立共享目錄 mkdir /var/www/html/software 2.把所有的第三方軟件存放到/var/www/html/software中 /var/www/html/software中只能存在rpm類型的文件,壓縮包是不能使用dnf管理的 3.采集第三方軟件數據生成repodate目錄 dnf install createrepo -y 安裝采集工具 cd /var/www/html/software 進入到共享目錄 createrepo . 對目錄中進行掃描生成repodate數據目錄 cretaerepo -v 指定目錄 4.在測試主機中指定第三方共享源 vim /etc/yum.repos.d/westos.repo [software] name=software baseurl=http://172.25.254.50/software gpgcheck=0

注意：若重新加入軟件，需要createrepo -v 去重新掃描

總結

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